1、Designation: D6237 09 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Guide forPainting Inspectors (Concrete and Masonry Substrates)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6237; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide is intended as an information aid to paintinginspectors in carrying out the task efficiently. It includes th
3、ekey elements of surface preparation, coatings application, andfinal approval for both field and shop work. The items shouldbe selected that are pertinent to a particular job.NOTE 1For additional helpful information, refer to the followingdocuments:Manual of Concrete Practice ACI 515R American Concr
4、ete Institute2Manual of Coating Work for Light Water Nuclear Power Plant PrimaryContainment and Other Safety Related Facilities3C811 Practice for Surface Preparation of Concrete for Application ofChemical-Resistant Resin Monolithic Surfacings4SSPC-PA Guide 3 - A Guide to Safety in Paint Application5
5、Steel Structures Painting Manual Vol. 1- Good Painting Practices5Steel Structures Painting Manual Vol. 2 - Systems and Specifications5Manufacturers Specifications and Instructions (made available to theinspector for reference to special requirements for proper application)Material Safety Data Sheets
6、 (needed to insure that personnel takenecessary precautions in handling hazardous materials). Available fromMaterials manufacturer.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to addres
7、s all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of whomever uses this standard to consult andestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This guide is arranged in the following ord
8、er:SectionReferenced Documents 2ASTM Standards 2.1OSHA Standards 2.2ICRI Standards 2.3SSPC Standards 2.4Significance and Use 3Preparation for Inspection 4Surface Preparation Methods and Requirements 5Surface Preparation 5.1Factors Affecting Coating Performance 5.2Surface Condition 5.2.1Cleanliness 5
9、.2.2Moisture 5.2.3Surface Preparation Procedures 5.3Dry Surface Cleaning 5.3.1Water and Steam Cleaning 5.3.2Mechanical Tool Cleaning 5.3.3Hand Tool Cleaning 5.3.3.1Power Tool Cleaning 5.3.3.2Scarifying Machines 5.3.3.3Pre- and Post-Surface Preparation 5.3.3.4Finished Surface 5.3.3.5Blast Cleaning 5.
10、3.4Water Blast Cleaning 5.3.5Acid Etching 5.3.6Precautions in Preparing Unpainted andPreviously Painted Surfaces 5.4Inspection of Surfaces Prior to Field Painting 5.5New Construction 5.5.1Maintenance Repainting 5.5.2Cracks and Voids 6Cracks 6.1Cracks in Concrete 6.1.1Joints in Concrete 6.1.2Voids 6.
11、2Recoat Intervals 6.3Coating Storage and Handling 7Storage of Coating and Thinner 7.1Mixing of Coatings 7.2Thinning 7.3Initial Samples 7.3.1Thinning of Coating 7.3.2Sampling of Thinned Coating 7.3.3Heating of Coating 7.4Weather Considerations 8Drying 8.1Low Temperature 8.2High Temperature 8.3Moistur
12、e 8.4Wind 8.5Coating Application 9Residual Contaminants 9.1Quality Assurance 9.2Film Defects 9.2.1Brush Application 9.31This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.46 on Indus
13、trial Protective Coatings.Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published July 2015. Originally approvedin 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D6237 09. DOI: 10.1520/D6237-09R15.2Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.c
14、oncrete.org.3ASTM, 1979.4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5Available from Society for Protectiv
15、e Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6th Floor,Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656, http:/www.sspc.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Spray Application 9.4Roller Application 9.5Miscellaneous Methods 9.6Rate of Application 9.7Additio
16、nal Considerations 10Ventilation 10.1Painting Schedule 10.2Film Integrity 10.3Recoat Time 10.4Coating System Failure 10.5Inspection Equipment 11General 11.1Adhesion of Existing Coating 11.1.1Portable Pull-Off Adhesion 11.1.2Field Inspection Equipment 11.2Drying and Curing Times 11.2.1Thermometers 11
17、.2.1.1Relative Humidity and Dew Point 11.2.1.2Viscosity Cups 11.2.2Wet-Film Thickness Gages 11.2.4Interchemical Gage 11.2.4.1Notched Gage 11.2.4.2Dry-Film Thickness Gages 11.2.5Destructive Thickness Gage 11.2.5.1Nondestructive Film Thickness Gages 11.2.5.2Discontinuity (Holiday) Tester 11.3Inspectio
18、n Checklist Appendix X12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4C811 Practice for Surface Preparation of Concrete for Ap-plication of Chemical-Resistant Resin Monolithic Surfac-ings (Withdrawn 2012)6D1212 Test Methods for Measurement of Wet Film Thick-ness of Organic CoatingsD1475 Test Method For
19、Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,and Related ProductsD3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestD4138 Practices for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness ofProtective Coating Systems by Destructive, Cross-Sectioning MeansD4212 Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type ViscosityCupsD4258 Practice
20、for Surface Cleaning Concrete for CoatingD4259 Practice for Abrading ConcreteD4260 Practice for Liquid and Gelled Acid Etching ofConcreteD4262 Test Method for pH of Chemically Cleaned or EtchedConcrete SurfacesD4263 Test Method for Indicating Moisture in Concrete bythe Plastic Sheet MethodD4285 Test
21、 Method for Indicating Oil or Water in Com-pressed AirD4414 Practice for Measurement of Wet Film Thickness byNotch GagesD4787 Practice for Continuity Verification of Liquid orSheet Linings Applied to Concrete SubstratesD5064 Practice for Conducting a Patch Test to AssessCoating CompatibilityD6132 Te
22、st Method for Nondestructive Measurement of DryFilm Thickness of Applied Organic Coatings Using anUltrasonic Coating Thickness GageD6677 Test Method for Evaluating Adhesion by KnifeD7234 Test Method for Pull-Off Adhesion Strength of Coat-ings on Concrete Using Portable Pull-Off Adhesion Tes-tersE190
23、7 Guide to Methods of Evaluating Moisture Conditionsof Concrete Floors to Receive Resilient Floor Coverings(Withdrawn 2008)6F1869 Test Method for Measuring Moisture Vapor EmissionRate of Concrete Subfloor Using Anhydrous CalciumChlorideF2170 Test Method for Determining Relative Humidity inConcrete F
24、loor Slabs Using in situ Probes2.2 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)Standard:29 CFR 1910.1200 Hazard Communication72.3 International Concrete Repair InstituteGuideline No. 03732 Selecting and Specifying ConcreteSurface Preparation for Sealers, Coatings, and PolymerOverlays82.4 SSP
25、C Standards:5SSPC-SP1 Solvent CleaningSSPC-SP7/NACE No. 4 Brush-off Blast CleaningSSPC-PA1 Paint Application SpecificationsSSPC-Guide 6 Guide for Containing Debris Generated Dur-ing Paint Removal OperationsSSPC-Guide 7 Guide for the Disposal of Lead-Contaminated Surface Preparation DebrisSSPC-SP12/N
26、ACE No. 5 Surface Preparation and Cleaningof Steel and Other Hard Materials by High- and Ultrahigh-Pressure Water Jetting Prior to RecoatingSSPC-SP13/NACE No. 6 Surface Preparation of Concrete3. Significance and Use3.1 This guide is intended as a reference for those concernedwith the inspection of t
27、hin- or thick-film coating application toconcrete and masonry substrates. It does not cover the appli-cation of cement-type coatings. A checklist is included asAppendix X1.1. Many of the details covered may be in aspecification for a particular project.Aspecification for coatingprojects should inclu
28、de the coatings to be used.4. Preparation for Inspection4.1 The guide describes the duties of the inspector anddiscusses inspection methods, both visual and instrumental,that can be used to determine that the specification require-ments have been met by the painting contractor.4.2 Before the start o
29、f the job, the inspector should beprovided information by the project engineer from the officialplans and specifications as to surface preparation requirements,coating type, thinner to be used, mixing ratios to be used,recommended application thickness, recommended primer, tiecoat, topcoat, time bet
30、ween coats, method of application,6The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.7Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.8Available from Int
31、ernational Concrete Repair Institute, 3166 S. River Rd., Suite132, Des Plaines, IL 60018, http:/www.icri.org.D6237 09 (2015)2ambient condition restrictions, and any special precautions tobe followed. These details should be recorded in an inspectorsrecord book to eliminate any misunderstanding betwe
32、en theinspector and the contractor.4.3 The inspector should obtain copies of Safety DataSheets for all products that will be used on the project, reviewany hazard communications program in accordance with 29CFR 1910.1200 that will apply to the project, and review othersafety information related to t
33、he work that will be performedby the contractor. The inspector should examine these materi-als and be supplied with appropriate protective equipment anddevices.5. Surface Preparation Methods and Requirements5.1 Surface PreparationOne of the most important factorsaffecting the performance of coatings
34、 is surface preparation.The specifier determines the proper level according to theexpected service life and type of coating specified. Informationon selection of the level of surface preparation can be found inSSPC-SP13/NACE No. 6 and ICRI Guideline No. 03732.5.2 Factors Affecting Coating Performanc
35、eThere are anumber of factors that must be considered to ensure a properpainting project.5.2.1 Surface ConditionConcrete and masonry haveunique properties associated with them due to their physicalnature and method of formation. New concrete may be verysmooth and hard if hard trowel finished, or hav
36、e cavities andholes at or just below the surface if poured. As with surfacepreparation of other substrates, contaminants must be removedand the surface suitably roughened. All protrusions should beremoved by suitable hand or power tool technique prior tocleaning. Visible holes should be filled with
37、a patchingcompound compatible with the coating to be applied.5.2.2 CleanlinessMany materials, if not removed from thesurface, will affect the life of the coating. These include formrelease agents, surface hardeners, laitance, efflorescence,grease, soil, fungus, mold, and mildew, which make it impos-
38、sible to obtain proper adhesion.5.2.3 MoistureThere should be no free standing water onthe surface although a damp surface may be allowed for certaintypes of coatings. Moisture is required to cure concrete, butafter the specified cure time has passed, the inspector shouldcheck for excessive moisture
39、 below the surface as determinedby Test Method D4263 or by use of a moisture meter. Manycoating types will not adhere over entrapped moisture. Con-crete slabs to which a floor coating will be applied are morecommonly checked for moisture vapor transmission rate usingthe calcium chloride method as de
40、scribed in Test MethodF1869, or in situ probes as described in Test Method F2170.5.3 Surface Preparation ProceduresSafety precautionsare not addressed separately for each of the following surfacepreparation methods. Each has its own safety-related hazards,and U.S. Occupational Health and Safety Admi
41、nistrationregulations should be followed. Materials Safety Data Sheets(MSDS) for the solvents and cleaning compounds provided bythe manufacturer should also be consulted for proper workerprotection.5.3.1 Dry Surface CleaningBroom, vacuum cleaners or acompressed air stream, or both, are used to remov
42、e surface dustand other loosely adherent solid contaminants in accordancewith paragraphs 6.1 to 6.3 of Practice D4258. Compressed airshould be free of water and oil. Test compressed air supply inaccordance with Test Method D4285. Visually examine thesurface for the presence of dust, debris and loose
43、ly adherentconcrete.5.3.2 Water and Steam CleaningThese procedures areintended to remove dust, dirt, and water-soluble surface con-taminants. Clean, potable water is used with sufficient pressureto remove dust, dirt, and loose material. Hand scrubbing witha stiff-bristled brush may be necessary. Vis
44、ually examine theprepared surface for debris, dirt, oil, grease, loosely adherentconcrete, and other contaminants. Moisture content may bedetermined after the surface has dried in accordance with TestMethod D4263 or by use of a moisture meter.5.3.2.1 Detergents or nonorganic solvent emulsifying agen
45、tsare used with water and steam cleaning to remove oil andgrease contaminants. Heavy oil grease deposits should beremoved by scraping prior to cleaning. Residues of thecleaning agent should be removed by flushing the surface withclean potable water before the surface dries. In some casesremoval of t
46、he cleaning agent may be verified by measuring thesurface pH in accordance with Test Method D4262.5.3.2.2 Practice D4258, paragraphs 6.4 to 6.6 present theprocedures and test methods for water and steam cleaning bothwith and without detergents or emulsifying agents.5.3.3 Mechanical Tool CleaningMech
47、anical tool cleaningis used to remove fins and projections, laitance, glaze,efflorescence, and concrete curing compounds. It results in asound concrete surface that is suitably roughened. Mechanicaltool cleaning is presented in Practice D4259, paragraphs 6.1 to6.5. Various techniques may be required
48、 by the specifierdepending on the nature of the job.5.3.3.1 Hand Tool Cleaning is one method used for theremoval of loose or otherwise unsound concrete, by handbrushing, hand sanding, hand chipping, or scraping using wire,fiber or bristle brushes, grinding stones, sandpaper, steel wool,hand scrapers
49、 or chisels, and chipping hammers.(a) Wire brushes should be rigid enough to clean the surfacethoroughly and shaped to penetrate into all corners and joints.Brushes should be kept free of all materials that may clog thewires of the brush.(b) Hand scrapers should be made of tool steel, tempered andground to a sharp edge and should be of the proper size andshape to enable cleaning to be done as specified. Scrapersshould be kept sharp at all times.5.3.3.2 Power Tool Cleaning is a method used for theremoval of loose or otherwise defective concrete and protru-sions by powe
