1、Designation: D6351 10Standard Test Method forDetermination of Low Temperature Fluidity and Appearanceof Hydraulic Fluids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6351; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the fluidity and appearance ofhydraulic fluids after storage at low temperature.1.2 T
3、he values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionIn 6.1.1, the material is designated in cStas this is the common name used for this type of oil.1.3 WARNINGMercury has been designated by manyregulatory agencies as a
4、 hazardous material that can causecentral nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, orits vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive tomaterials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury andmercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma-terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) f
5、or details and EPAswebsitehttp:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor addi-tional information. Users should be aware that selling mercuryand/or mercury containing products into your state or countrymay be prohibited by law.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, ass
6、ociated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificwarning statements, see 1.3 and Section 6.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D
7、97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD6080 Practice for Defining the Viscosity Characteristics ofHydraulic FluidsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3. Summary of Test Method3.1 After preliminary drying to remove
8、trace amounts ofwater, the sample is cooled to a specified temperature. Afterseven consecutive days, the sample is examined for its abilityto flow and observed for homogeneity.4. Significance and Use4.1 The temperature at which a lubricant remains fluid andhomogeneous after seven days is an index of
9、 its ability towithstand prolonged exposure to cold temperature. With veg-etable oils and some synthetic esters, it is necessary to doextended cold storage testing. Quick cool, short-term tests,such as Test Methods D97 and D2500, do not adequatelypredict the tendency to solidify over longer time spa
10、ns at coldtemperatures.4.2 This test method is not intended to indicate coldtemperature pumpability performance. A separate assessmentof viscometric performance should be made in order to assesscold flow properties, which are important in order to avoidsystem damage in cold temperature applications.
11、 Suitableguidelines for such testing and test temperatures for variousviscosity grades can be found in Practice D6080.4.3 No specific temperature of measurement is given in thistest method because fluids with different viscosity grades havedifferent cold temperature performance expectations. For gui
12、d-ance on temperature selection relative to an intended lowtemperature viscosity grade or ISO VG, consult PracticeD6080. As an example of using Practice D 6080D6080, a L22viscosity grade would be evaluated at the lowest temperaturefor that grade, namely -22.9C. Alternatively, a fluid can beevaluated
13、 at the lowest temperature expected for field service.5. Apparatus5.1 Test Jar, cylindrical, of clear glass, flat bottom, 115 to125 mm in height. The inside diameter of the jar can rangefrom 30.0 to 32.4 mm, with a wall thickness of 1.6 mmmaximum. The jar shall have a line to indicate a sample heigh
14、t54 6 3 mm above the inside bottom.5.2 Thermometers, having ranges shown below and con-forming to the requirements prescribed in Specification E1.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.
15、N0 on Hydraulic Fluids.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2010. Published August 2010. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D635199(2005).DOI: 10.1520/D6351-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serv
16、iceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Thermometer TemperatureRangeThermometer NumberASTM IPHi
17、gh cloud and pour -38 to +50C 5C 1CLow cloud and pour -80 to +20C 6C 2CMelting Point +32 to 127C 61C 63C5.2.1 Since separation of liquid column thermometers occa-sionally occurs, thermometers should be checked visuallyimmediately prior to the test.5.3 Cork, to fit the test jar.5.4 Bath, either an ai
18、r or liquid bath maintained at theprescribed temperature with a firm support to hold the samplejars vertical. The required bath temperature shall be maintainedby refrigeration to within 61C of the prescribed temperature.6. Reagents and Materials6.1 Liquid for temperature reference jar. The following
19、materials are examples of suitable media that remain clearliquids at low temperature and in which the thermometer canbe placed.6.1.1 2 cSt, Polyalphaolefin.6.1.2 Alcohol, Ethanol. (WarningFlammable.)7. Procedure7.1 Pour the specimen into the test jar to the level mark.7.2 To remove trace amounts of
20、water, preheat the sample to100C for 30 min, then cover loosely and allow the sample tocool for 30 min. If the hydraulic fluid is water based, forexample a water-glycol fluid, this drying step is to be omitted.7.3 Close the test jar with the cork.7.4 Prepare a temperature reference jar in accordance
21、 with7.1 with a liquid that will remain fluid at the selected testtemperature. Insert a thermometer through a centrally boredcork so that it fits tightly and is coaxial and the bulb isimmersed so that the beginning of the capillary is 3 mm belowthe surface of the liquid.7.5 Place the test jar and te
22、mperature reference jar in thebath. Be sure the sample is totally immersed in the coolingbath, paying particular attention if a liquid bath is used.7.6 Keep the samples in the bath for 168 consecutive h.7.7 Record the temperature of the thermometer in thereference jar prepared in accordance with 7.4
23、 just beforeexamining the samples in accordance with 7.8.7.8 After 168 h, immediately examine the samples. Hold thejar in a horizontal position for 5 s and observe whether thesample flows. Note the presence of any crystals, particles, orseparation and the appearance of the specimen.8. Report8.1 Repo
24、rt the fluidity and condition of the sample at theend of the test period as follows:8.1.1 If the sample flows under the condition in 7.8, reportfluidity as: Fluid at (temperature of test).8.1.2 If the sample does not flow under the conditions in 7.8,report fluidity as: Not fluid at (temperature of t
25、est).8.1.3 Report the presence of any crystals or particles in thesample or separation of the sample.8.1.4 Report the appearance of the sample at the testtemperature as: Clear, Haze Present,orOpaque.9. Precision and Bias9.1 No statement can be made yet about the precision of thistest method for meas
26、uring the fluidity or particle formingtendency of a lubricant specimen since a round robin iscurrently being conducted.9.2 There are no criteria for measuring bias in these test-product combinations, so no statement of bias can be made.10. Keywords10.1 hydraulic fluid; low temperature appearance; lo
27、w tem-perature fluidity; vegetable oilASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the r
28、iskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of t
29、his standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmak
30、e your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D6351 102
