1、Designation: D6449 99 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forFlow of Fine Aggregate Concrete for Fabric FormedConcrete (Flow Cone Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6449; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the ca
2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure, used both in thelaboratory and in the field, for dete
3、rmining the time of efflux ofa specified volume of the fine aggregate concrete through astandardized flow cone and used for fabric formed concrete(FFC); however, the test method may also be used for otherfluid concrete.1.2 It is for use with fine aggregate concrete containing fineaggregate as define
4、 in Specification C33.1.3 This test method is intended for use with fine aggregateconcrete having an efflux time 9 to 15 s.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It
5、is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Str
6、ength of Cylin-drical Concrete SpecimensC94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteC109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of FreshlyMixed Hydraulic-Cement Concrete3. Summary of Test M
7、ethod3.1 The time of efflux of a specified volume of fineaggregate concrete from a standardized flow cone is measured.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is applicable to the determination ofthe fluidity of various fluid fine aggregate concrete mixtures.5. Interferences5.1 The presence of so
8、lid particles retained on the 9.53 mm(38 in.) sieve or lumps of unmixed material in the fineaggregate may cause the fine aggregate concrete to flowunevenly through the discharge tube of the flow cone or stopthe flow completely. Uneven flow will result in slower transitof the fine aggregate concrete,
9、 thereby indicating a falseconsistency.6. Apparatus6.1 Flow Cone, the dimensions as shown in Fig. 1. The bodyand discharge tube can be stainless steel, cast aluminum, orother essentially noncorroding metal.6.2 Receiving Container, capacity 2000 mL (2.114 qt),minimum.6.3 Ring Stand or other devise, c
10、apable of supporting theflow cone in a vertical, steady position over the receivedcontainer.6.4 Level, carpenters or similar.6.5 Stop Watch, least reading of not more than 0.2 s.6.6 Thermometer, having a range from 18 to 49C (0 to120F) and conforming to the requirements for ASTM ther-mometer No. 36
11、degrees C. Other thermometers of the requiredaccuracy, including the metal immersion type, are acceptable.7. Test Sample7.1 The fine aggregate concrete test sample shall be inexcess of 1725 mL (1.823 qt) and shall be representative of thefine aggregate concrete in the mixer.7.2 When sampling and tes
12、ting is being done for thepurpose of proportioning or comparing mixes or for qualifying1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion andSediment Control Technology.Current edition approved Feb. 15,
13、2015. Published February 2015. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6449 99(2008).DOI: 10.1520/D6449-99R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volu
14、me information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1materials, the temperature of the fine aggregate concrete shallbe in accordance with Specification C94/C94
15、M, unless other-wise specified.8. Calibration of Apparatus8.1 Mount the flow cone firmly in such a manner that it isfree of vibration. Level the top to assure verticality. Close theoutlet of the discharge tube with a finger or a stopper. Introduce1725 6 5 mL (1.823 qt 6 0.169 fluid oz) of water into
16、 thecone. Adjust the point gage to indicate the level of watersurface. Then allow the water to drain.8.2 Before first use of the flow cone with fine aggregateconcrete and periodically thereafter, check the accuracy of thecone by filling it with water as described in 8.1.After checkingNOTE 1Other mea
17、ns of indicating fine aggregate concrete level may be used as long as accurate indication of fine aggregate concrete level on volumeis obtained.FIG. 1 Cross Section of Flow ConeD6449 99 (2015)2or adjusting the point gage, start the stop watch and simulta-neously remove the finger. Stop the watch at
18、the first break inthe continuous flow of water. The time indicated by the stopwatch is the time of efflux of water. If this time is 4.2 6 0.2 s,the cone may be used for determining the time of efflux of fineaggregate concrete.9. Procedure9.1 Moisten the inside of the flow cone by filling the conewit
19、h water and, 1 min before introducing the fine aggregateconcrete sample, allow the water to drain from the cone. Closethe outlet of the discharge tube with a finger or a stopper.Introduce the fine aggregate concrete into the cone until thefine aggregate concrete surface rises to contact the point ga
20、ge,start the stop watch, and simultaneously remove the finger orstopper. Stop the watch at the first break in the continuous flowof fine aggregate concrete from the discharge tube, then lookinto the top of the cone; if the fine aggregate concrete haspassed sufficiently, such that light is visible th
21、rough thedischarge tube, the time indicated by the stop watch is the timeof efflux of the fine aggregate concrete. If light is not visiblethrough the discharge tube, then the use of the flow cone is notapplicable for fine aggregate concrete of this consistency. Atleast two test having times of efflu
22、x within 1.8 s of theiraverage shall be made for each fine aggregate concretemixture.9.2 The test for time of efflux shall be made within 1 min ofdrawing of the fine aggregate concrete from the mixer.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Identification of sample,10.1.2 Identificatio
23、n of materials in the sample, theproportions, and whether laboratory-prepared or taken from thefield production mix.10.1.3 Average time of efflux to nearest 0.2 s and timeinterval from completion of mixing at which the test was made,and10.1.4 Temperature, ambient and the sample at the time oftest.11
24、. Precision and Bias11.1 PrecisionThe following within-laboratory, multiple-operator precision applies. The single laboratory standarddeviation has been found to be 0.88 s. Therefore, results fromtwo properly conducted tests on the same material should notdiffer by more than 2.49 s.11.2 BiasNo state
25、ment on bias can be prepared becausethere are no standard reference materials.12. Keywords12.1 fabric formed concrete; fine aggregate concrete; flowcone; time of effluxASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin t
26、his standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must
27、be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of there
28、sponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
29、West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 99 (2015)3
