1、Designation: D6461/D6461M 16aD6461/D6461M 18Standard Specifications forSilt Fence Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6461/D6461M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision
2、. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for geotextile fabrics and associated components used in temporarysi
3、lt fence applications. Table 1 is a material purchasing specification based onAASHTO M288. Table 2 is a specification to be usedin areas of high water flow. The specification on Table 2 is a higher strength, higher flow option than Table 1. Table 2 propertiescan withstand more hydraulic flow than th
4、e specification listed on Table 1. The Table 2 specification should be used in sensitiveapplications, such as areas near regulated waters and wetlands, but also areas that are prone to high flow runoff that requireincreased structural stability. The design professional has the option of Table 2 wher
5、e the specifications listed in Table 1 are notsufficient to meet the demand of runoff.1.2 Both specifications are applicable to the use of a geotextile as a vertical permeable interceptor designed to remove suspendedsoil from overland, nonconcentrated water flow. The function of a temporary silt fen
6、ce is to trap and allow settlement of soilparticles from sediment laden water. The purpose is to greatly limit the transport of eroded soil from construction sites and otherareas affected by water runoff.NOTE 1It should be noted that proper installation and maintenance are critical for the effective
7、 functioning of silt fence.1.3 The tests used to characterize the silt fence are intended to ensure good workmanship and quality and are not necessarilyadequate for design purposes in view of the wide variety of possible sediments and performance objectives.1.4 The values stated in either SI units o
8、r inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents, therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.NOTE 2Although the Table 1
9、specification should be acceptable in most erosion control applications, it should be noted that an alternative silt fencespecification for a higher water flow rate, listed in Table 2, may be required by the engineers in areas that are susceptible to higher water runoff; usingTable 2 specification w
10、ill minimize safety hazards such as hydroplaning in these areas.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendation
11、s issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD276 Test Methods for Identification of Fibers in TextilesD653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained FluidsD4354 Practice fo
12、r Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for TestingD4355D4355/D4355M Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a Xenon ArcType ApparatusD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD4491D4491/D4491M Test Methods for Water Permeabili
13、ty of Geotextiles by PermittivityD4632D4632/D4632M Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elongation of GeotextilesD4751 Test Methods for Determining Apparent Opening Size of a Geotextile1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibi
14、lity of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion and SedimentControl Technology.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016Jan. 1, 2018. Published January 2017February 2018. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D6461 16.16a. DOI: 10.1520/D6461_D6461M-16A.10.1520/D6461_D6461M-18.2 F
15、or referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to pr
16、ovide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof th
17、e standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D4759 Practice for Determining the Specificatio
18、n Conformance of GeosyntheticsD4873D4873/D4873M Guide for Identification, Storage, and Handling of Geosynthetic Rolls and SamplesD6637D6637/D6637M Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of Geogrids by the Single or Multi-Rib Tensile Method2.2 AASHTO Standard:M288-15AASHTO M288-15 Standard Sp
19、ecification for Geotextile Specification for Highway Applications33 Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.TABLE 1 Temporary Silt Fence Material Property Requirem
20、entsTest Methods UnitsSupportedASilt FenceUnsupportedASilt Fence Type of ValueTest MethodsSupportedASilt FenceUnsupportedASilt Fence Type of ValueGrab Strength ASTM D4632 N lbGrab Strength ASTM D4632/D4632MMachine Direction400N550N MARV90 lb 124 lbX-Machine Direction400N450N MARV90 lb 101 lbPermitti
21、vity ASTM D4491 sec-1 0.05 0.05 MARVPermittivity ASTM D4491/D4491M 0.05 sec-1 0.05 sec-1 MARVApparent Opening Size ASTM D4751 mm 0.60 0.60 Max. ARVApparent Opening Size ASTM D4751 0.60mm 0.60mm Max. ARV(US Sieve #) (30) (30)(30) US Sieve (30) US SieveUltraviolet Stability ASTM D4355 %RetainedStrengt
22、h70 % after500 h ofexposure70 % after500 h ofexposureTypicalUltraviolet Stability ASTM D4355/D4355M 70 % after500 h ofexposure70 % after500 h ofexposureTypicalASilt fence support shall consist of 14 gagegauge 1.63mm steel wire with maximum openings of 6 by 6 in. 150 by 150mm or prefabricated polymer
23、 mesh of 200 by 200lb/ft 2900N/m in accordance with Test Method D6637D6637/D6637M.TABLE 2 Temporary Silt Fence Material Property Requirements Under High Water Flow ConditionsTest Methods UnitsSupportedASilt Fence Type ofTest MethodsSupportedASilt Fence Type of ValueGrab Strength ASTM D4632 N lbGrab
24、Strength ASTM D4632/D4632MMachine Direction1157NMARV260 lbX-Machine Direction801NMARV180 lbPermittivity ASTM D4491 sec-1 1.0 MARVPermittivity ASTM D4491/D4491M 1.0 sec-1 MARVFlow Rate ASTM D4491/D4491M 70 gal/min/ft22852 LPM/m2Apparent Opening Size ASTM D4751 mm 0.60 Max. ARApparent Opening Size AST
25、M D4751 0.60mm Max. ARV(US Sieve #) (30)(30) US SieveUltraviolet Stability ASTM D4355 %RetainedStrength70 % after500 h ofexposureTypicalUltraviolet Stability ASTM D4355/D4355M 70 % after500 h ofexposureTypicalASilt fence support shall consist of 14 gagegauge 1.63mm steel wire with maximum openings o
26、f 6 by 6 in. 150 by 150mm or prefabricated polymer mesh of 200 by 200lb/ft 2900N/m in accordance with Test Method D6637D6637/D6637M.D6461/D6461M 1823. Materials and Manufacture3.1 Fibers used in the manufacture of geotextiles for silt fence, and the threads used in joining geotextiles by sewing, sha
27、llconsist of long-chain synthetic polymers composed of at least 95 % by weight of polyolefin or polyester. They shall be formed intoa stable network such that the filaments or yarns retain their dimensional stability relative to each other, including selvages.3.2 Geotextiles and related materials us
28、ed for temporary silt fence shall conform to the physical requirements of Sections 7 and8.3.3 All property values, with the exception of apparent opening size (AOS), in this specification represent minimum averageroll values (MARV) in the weakest principle direction (that is, average test results of
29、 any roll in a lot sampled for conformanceor quality assurance testing shall meet or exceed the minimum value provided herein). Values forAOS represent maximum averageroll values.4. Sampling, Testing, and Acceptance4.1 Silt fence shall be subject to sampling and testing to verify conformance with th
30、is specification. Sampling for testing shallbe in accordance with Practice D4354. Acceptance shall be based on testing of conformance samples obtained using Procedure Aof Practice D4354. A lot size for conformance or quality assurance sampling shall be considered to be the shipment quantity ofthe gi
31、ven product or a truckload of the given product, whichever is smaller.4.2 Testing shall be performed in accordance with the test methods referenced in this specification for the indicated application.The number of specimens to test per sample (see Terminology D653) is specified by each test method.
32、Geotextile productacceptance shall be based on Practice D4759. Product acceptance is determined by comparing the average test results of allspecimens within a given sample to the specification MARV. Refer to Practice D4759 for more details regarding geotextileacceptance procedures.5. Certification5.
33、1 The contractor shall provide to the Site Engineer a certificate stating the name of the manufacturer, product name, stylenumber, chemical composition of the filaments or yarns and other pertinent information related to posts, post spacing, supportmesh, and other components to fully describe the si
34、lt fence system.5.2 The manufacturer is responsible for establishing and maintaining a quality control program to assure compliance with therequirements of the controlling material specification. Documentation describing the quality control program shall be madeavailable upon request.5.3 The manufac
35、turers certificate shall state that the furnished silt fence materials meet the requirements of the controllingspecification as evaluated under the manufacturers quality control program. The certificate shall be attested to by an authorizedofficer of the company having legal authority to bind the ma
36、nufacturer.5.4 Either mislabeling or misrepresentation of materials shall be reason to reject those silt fence materials.6. Shipment and Storage6.1 Silt fence labeling, shipment and storage shall follow Guide D4873D4873/D4873M. Product labels shall clearly show themanufacturer or supplier name, styl
37、e name, and roll number. Each shipping document shall include a notation certifying that thematerial is in accordance with the manufacturers certificate.6.2 Each silt fence roll may be wrapped with a material that will protect the geotextile from damage due to shipment, water,sunlight, and contamina
38、nts; however, silt fence that has been fabricated with wooden stakes shall not be wrapped due tocondensation rotting the stakes within the covering. If applicable, the protective wrapping shall be maintained during periods ofshipment and storage.6.3 During storage, silt fence rolls shall be elevated
39、 off the ground and adequately covered to protect them from thefollowingsite construction damage, precipitation, extended ultraviolet radiation including sunlight, strong acids or strong bases,flames including welding sparks, temperatures in excess of 160F 71 C, and any other environmental condition
40、 that may damagethe physical properties of the geotextile.7. Temporary Silt Fence Material Requirements7.1 The geotextile used for temporary silt fence in Table 1, may or may not be supported between posts with wire or polymericmesh. If wire support mesh is used, the fabric shall be secured to the w
41、ire support mesh and to the support posts as well. If supportpolymeric mesh is used, it may or may not be attached to the fabric, but shall always be securely attached to the support posts.The temporary silt fence geotextile shall meet the minimum requirements in Table 1. Grab strength and permittiv
42、ity values in Table1 represent minimum average roll values (MARV).Values forAOS represent maximum average roll values (MaxARV). Ultravioletstability values are typical values.D6461/D6461M 1837.2 As a general rule, the minimum height above ground for all silt fence should be 18 in. 450mm and a maximu
43、m of 30 in.750mm, see Note 3 discussing the maximum height above ground. Minimum embedment depth shall be 6 in. 150mm. As ageneral rule, the minimum silt fence width should be 3 ft 900mm.0.9m.7.3 Under Table 1, maximum post spacing shall be based on the fabric support or, if unsupported, on elongati
44、on as measuredin accordance with Test Method D4632D4632/D4632M. Supported silt fence shall have a maximum post spacing of 10 ft 3m.Unsupported silt fence with elongation 50 % shall have a maximum post spacing of 4 ft 1.2m. Unsupported silt fence withelongation 50 % shall have a maximum post spacing
45、of 6.5 ft 2m.7.4 The geotextile used for temporary silt fence in Table 2, shall be supported between posts with wire or polymeric mesh. Thetemporary silt fence geotextile shall meet the minimum requirements in Table 2. Grab strength and permittivity values in Table2 represent minimum average roll va
46、lues (MARV).Values forAOS represent maximum average roll values (MaxARV). Ultravioletstability values are typical values.7.5 Under Table 2, supported temporary silt fence shall have a maximum post spacing of 4 ft 1.2m.NOTE 3The recommended maximum height of 30 in. 750mm is designed to trap the flowi
47、ng sediment without creating a serious downstreamflooding problem if the silt fence experienced a total rupture. In addition, the maximum silt fence height must take into account the environmentalconditions of the area of installation to, for example, avoid a situation where the silt fence could cau
48、se the level of the retained water to rise to a levelthat would flood an adjacent structure. In that situation, it would be necessary to use a lower height silt fence above ground and consideration shouldbe given to using multiple properly spaced silt fences to slow the velocity of the water flow an
49、d provide for additional silt collection without the riskof harmful flooding.8. Related Material Requirements8.1 When using shorter silt fences, wood, steel, or synthetic support posts having a minimum length of 3 ft 900mm0.9m maybe used; however, in most cases a minimum 4 ft 1.2m T Post would be recommended, the width of the silt fence fabric wouldbe the determining factor. The posts shall have sufficient strength to resist damage during installation and to support the appliedloads due to material build up behi
