1、Designation: D6495/D6495M 15D6495/D6495M 18Standard Guide forAcceptance Testing Requirements for Geosynthetic ClayLiners1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6495/D6495M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers guidelines for the acceptance testing requirements for geosynthetic clay liner (GCL)
3、 materials, describingtypes of tests, test methods, and recommended verifications.1.2 This guide is intended to aid purchasers, installers, contractors, owners, operators, designers, and agencies in establishinga minimum level of effort for product acceptance testing and verification. This is intend
4、ed to assureensure that the supplied GCLrolls meet accepted material specifications.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently
5、 of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific courseof action. This guide cannot replace education or experience and should be u
6、sed in conjunction with professional judgment. Notall aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This guide is not intended to represent or replace the standardof care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this guide be applied withoutcon
7、sideration of a projects many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this guide means only that the guide hasbeen approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibili
8、tyof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardiza
9、tionestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Re
10、lative Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic SheetingD1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness of GeosyntheticsD5887D5887/D5887M Test Method for Measurement of
11、 Index Flux Through Saturated Geosynthetic Clay Liner SpecimensUsing a Flexible Wall PermeameterD5888 Guide for Storage and Handling of Geosynthetic Clay LinersD5889D5889/D5889M Practice for Quality Control of Geosynthetic Clay LinersD5890 Test Method for Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geo
12、synthetic Clay LinersD5891D5891/D5891M Test Method for Fluid Loss of Clay Component of Geosynthetic Clay LinersD5993 Test Method for Measuring Mass Per Unit of Geosynthetic Clay LinersD5994/D5994M Test Method for Measuring Core Thickness of Textured Geomembranes1 This guide is under the jurisdiction
13、 of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosynthetic Clay Liners.Current edition approved July 1, 2015Feb. 1, 2018. Published August 2015March 2018. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20142015 asD6495D6495/D6495M
14、15.14. DOI: 10.1520/D6495_D6495M-15.10.1520/D6495_D6495M-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.T
15、his document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior edit
16、ions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D6072/D6072M Practice for Obtaining Samples of Ge
17、osynthetic Clay LinersD6243/D6243M Test Method for Determining the Internal and Interface Shear Strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liner by the DirectShear MethodD6496/D6496M Test Method for Determining Average Bonding Peel Strength Between Top and Bottom Layers ofNeedle-Punched Geosynthetic Clay LinersD
18、6693/D6693M Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of Nonreinforced Polyethylene and Nonreinforced FlexiblePolypropylene GeomembranesD6768/D6768M Test Method for Tensile Strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liners2.2 United States EPA Document:3EPA/600/R-93/182 Technical Guidance Document Quality A
19、ssurance and Quality Control for Waste Containment Facilities2.3 ISO Standard:4ISO 10318 GeosyntheticsTerms and definitionsDefinitions3. Terminology3.1 Geosynthetic Definitions:3.1.1 adhered geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), nGCL product in which the clay component is bonded to a film or membraneby adh
20、esion.3.1.2 coated GCL, nGCL product with at least one layer of a synthetic substance applied to the GCL as a fluid and allowedto solidify.3.1.3 geomembrane, nan essentially impermeable geosynthetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets.3.1.4 geosynthetic clay liner, GCL, nfactory manufactured fa
21、ctory-manufactured geosynthetic hydraulic barrier consisting ofclay supported by geotextiles or geomembranes, or both, that are held together by needling, stitching, or a chemicaladhesivesadhesive clay geosynthetic barrier. (1) The ISO 10318 definition of a clay geosynthetic barrier (GBR-C), which i
22、s a GCLaccording to ASTM definitions, is: A GBR-C is a factory assembled factory-assembled structure of geosynthetic materials in theform of a sheet that acts as a barrier. The barrier function is essentially fulfilled by clay. It is used in contact with soil or othermaterials, or both, in geotechni
23、cal and civil engineering applications.3.1.5 geotextile, na permeable geosynthetic comprised solely of textilestextiles.3.1.6 laminated GCL, nGCL product with at least one film or membrane layer superimposed and bonded to the GCL by anadhesive, usually under heat and pressure.3.1.7 multicomponent GC
24、L, nGCL with an attached film, coating, or membrane decreasing the hydraulic conductivity orprotecting the clay core, or both.3.1.8 needle-punched GCL, nreinforced GCL manufactured using needles that punch fibers from a nonwoven through thecover and carrier geotextile as well as the clay core to bon
25、d the components together to increase internal shear strength.3.1.9 reinforced GCL, nGCL that has a discrete component to increase internal shear strength.3.1.10 stitch-bonded GCL, nreinforced GCLmanufactured by stitching in which yarns or threads are passed through the covergeosynthetic, the clay c
26、ore, and the carrier geosynthetic creating a directional orientation; therefore, the direction of allowableshear transfer is predetermined.3.1.11 unreinforced GCL, nGCL that does not have a discrete component to increase internal shear strength.3 Available from U.S. Government Publishing Office, 732
27、 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http:/www.gpo.gov.4 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.D6495/D6495M 1823.2 Organizational Definitions:3.2.1 agency, nin geosynthetics,
28、the organization whothat reviews the permit application for compliance with the agencysregulation and all quality assurance documentation before and after construction.3.2.2 contractor, nin geosynthetics, the party or organization who has the responsibility for the construction of the man-madeprojec
29、t, structure, or system.3.2.3 designer, nin geosynthetics, the person or organization who designs a man-made project, structure, or system that fulfillsthe owners/operatorsowner/operators requirements and meets or exceeds the minimum requirements of the agency.3.2.4 installer, nin geosynthetics, the
30、 party who installs, or facilitates installation of, any materials purchased frommanufacturers or suppliers.3.2.5 manufacturer, nin geosynthetics, the group, corporation, partnership, or individual that manufactures a product.3.2.6 operator, nin geosynthetics, the person or organization who operates
31、 the man-made project, structure, or system.3.2.7 owner, nin geosynthetics, the person or organization who owns the man-made project, structure, or system.3.2.8 purchaser, nin geosynthetics, the person, company, or organization that purchases any materials or work to beperformed.3.3 Quality Definiti
32、ons:3.3.1 acceptance testing, ntesting performed on a product to determine whether or not an individual lot of the productconforms with specified requirements.3.3.2 machine direction (MD), nthe direction in the plane of the fabric parallel to the direction of manufacture.3.3.3 manufacturing quality
33、control (MQC), na planned system of activities by the manufacturer whose purpose is to providea level of quality that meets the needs of product requirements; also, the use of such a system.3.3.4 quality assurance (QA), nall those planned or systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidenc
34、e that amaterial, product, system, or service will satisfy given needs.4. Specifications and Use4.1 This guide suggests the types of tests, the methods of the testing, and verification requirements for acceptance testing ofGCL materials.4.2 It should be recognized that parties, organizations, or rep
35、resentatives may perform additional tests or at other frequenciesthan required in this standard guide, or both. In this case, the project-specific acceptance plan will then take precedence over thisstandard guide.5. Procedure5.1 The clay components, geosynthetic components, and finished GCLs are typ
36、ically tested during MQC (PracticeD5889D5889/D5889M) and are typically documented by means of a letter of certification or summarized MQC test data, or both.These components should be verified to be in conformance with the accepted material specifications. This can be done byreviewing the letter of
37、certification, or MQC test data, or both, or by additional quality assurance testing, or both, and acceptancetesting. Acceptance testing can be done prior to GCL shipment, directly after arrival of the GCL on site, or prior to GCLinstallation, or both. Irregularities should be noted and reported.NOT
38、E 1Some GCL producers add polymers to the clay component during the manufacturing process. However, clay component testing accordingto Test Methods D5890 and D5891D5891/D5891M is done on the bentonite without polymer modification. Acceptance testing on site is carried out onthe finished GCL, so that
39、 clay component testing on site according to Test Methods D5890 and D5891D5891/D5891M might be influenced by the addedpolymers.5.2 Supplied GCL rolls should be observed on site in order to identify any damage to the rolls or the wrapping. In case of anydamage, Guide D5888 should be followed. Any dam
40、age should be noted and reported.5.3 Before storing or unrolling GCL rolls, or both, the individual roll identification should be verified and should be comparedwith the packing list. Irregularities should be noted and reported.5.4 If sampling of GCL material is necessary, for example, for testing p
41、urposes, Practice D6072/D6072M should be followed.5.5 The recommended acceptance tests and test methods for GCL materials are given in Table 1. The tests are performed onthe finished GCL and should be compared with the accepted material specifications. Irregularities should be noted and reported.5.6
42、 GCL rolls not in compliance with the accepted material specifications may be rejected.6. Report6.1 All activities on product acceptance should be recorded on a suitable data sheet. Recorded activities may take the form ofnotes, charts sketches, photographs, or a combination of these.D6495/D6495M 18
43、36.1.1 Report the following information:6.1.1.1 Manufacturers letter of certification or MQC data, or both,6.1.1.2 Description or title of product acceptance activity, or both,MD = machine direction.CD = cross-machine directiondirection.MARV = minimum average roll valuevalue.n a = not applicable.TAB
44、LE 1 Types of Acceptance Tests and Methods for GCL MaterialsA,Greinforced unreinforcedSingleComponentMulti-component SinglecomponentMulti-componentwithcoatingwith film ormembranewithcoatingwith film ormembraneTestDesignation Test Method Frequency of TestingA Report ValueBentonite ClayClay mass per u
45、nitarea (dried)D5993 project specific project specific,typically MARClay mass per unitarea (dried)D5993 project specificSwell index D5890 project specific project specific,typically minimumvalueSwell index D5890 project specificFluid loss D5891 project specific project specific,typically minimumvalu
46、eFluid loss D5891/D5891M project specificGeomembrane,membrane, film backingDensity ofgeomembrane,membrane,film backingBD792 (otherresins) orD1505 (PE)n/a n/a projectspecificn/a n/a projectspecificproject specific,typically MARDensity ofgeomembrane,membrane,film backingBD792 (otherresins) orD1505 (PE
47、)n/a n/a projectspecificn/a n/a projectspecificThickness ofgeomembraneBD5199 (smooth),D5994/D5994M(textured)n/a n/a projectspecificn/a n/a projectspecificproject specific,typically MARThickness ofgeomembraneBD5199 (smooth),D5994/D5994M(textured)n/a n/a projectspecificn/a n/a projectspecificTensile s
48、trengthat breakand yield(MD and CD)C,B,DD882 (film ormembrane),D6693/D6693M(geomembrane)n/a n/a projectspecificn/a n/a projectspecificproject specific,typically MARTensile strengthat breakand yield(MD and CD)C,B,DD882 (film ormembrane),D6693/D6693M(geomembrane)n/a n/a projectspecificn/a n/a projects
49、pecificFinished GCL:Total mass per unitareaD5993 project specific project specific,typically MARTotal mass per unitareaD5993 project specificTensile Strength D6768/D6768M project specific project specific,typically MARTensile Strength D6768/D6768M project specificBonding peelstrengthED6496/D6496M project specific n/a project specific,typically MARBonding peelstrengthED6496/D6496M project specific n/aGCL indexfluxF resp.base bentonitefor multi-componentGCLsD5887 project specific project specific,typically minimumvalueGCL indexfluxF resp.base be
