1、Designation: D 6495 02Standard Guide forAcceptance Testing Requirements for Geosynthetic ClayLiners1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6495; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers guidelines for the acceptance testingrequirements for geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) materials,describing types
3、 of tests, test methods, and recommendedverifications.1.2 This guide is intended to aid purchasers, installers,contractors, owners, operators, designers and agencies inestablishing a minimum level of effort for product acceptancetesting and verification. This is intended to assure that thesupplied G
4、CL rolls meet accepted material specifications.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of informationor a series of options and does not recommend a specificcourse of action. This guide cannot replace education orexperience an
5、d should be used in conjunction with professionaljudgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in allcircumstances. This guide is not intended to represent orreplace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a givenprofessional service must be judged, nor should this guide beapplied
6、without consideration of a projects many uniqueaspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this guide meansonly that the guide has been approved through the ASTMconsensus process.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is therespo
7、nsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics2D 882 Test Methods for Tensile Propertie
8、s of Thin PlasticSheeting2D 792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) and Density of Plastics by Displacement2D 4595 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Geotextilesby the Wide-Width Strip Method3D 4632 Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elonga-tion of Geotextiles3D
9、5199 Test Method for Measuring Nominal Thickness ofGeosynthetics3D 5887 Test Method for Measurement of Index FluxThrough Saturated Geosynthetic Clay Liner Specimensand Handling of Geosynthetic Clay Liners3D 5888 Guide for Storage and Handling of GeosyntheticClay Liners3D 5889 Practice for Manufactur
10、ing Quality Control OfGeosynthetic Clay Liners3D 5890 Test Method for Swell Index of Clay MineralComponent of Geosynthetic Clay Liners3D 5891 Test Method for Fluid Loss of Clay Component ofGeosynthetic Clay Liners3D 5993 Test Method for Measuring the Mass per Unit Areaof Geosynthetic Clay Liners3D 6
11、072 Guide for obtaining Samples of Geosynthetic ClayLiners3D 6243 Test Method for Determining the Internal andInterface Shear Resistance of Geosynthetic Clay Liner bythe Direct Shear Method3D 6496 Test Method for Determining Average Bonding PeelStrength Between the Top and Bottom Layers of Needle-Pu
12、nched Geosynthetic Clay Liners32.2 United States EPA Document:EPA/600/R-93/182 Technical Guidance Document QualityAssurance and Quality Control for Waste ContainmentFacilities43. Terminology3.1 Geosynthetic Definitions:3.1.1 geomembrane, nan essentially impermeable geo-synthetic composed of one or m
13、ore synthetic sheets.3.1.2 geosynthetic clay liner, na manufactured hydraulicbarrier consisting of clay bonded to a layer or layers ofgeosynthetics.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosyntheticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosynthetic Clay
14、Liners.Current edition approved June 10, 2002. Published September 2002. Originallypublished as D 649599. Last previous edition D 649501.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.13.4Available from Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office,Wash
15、ington, DC 20402.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.3 geotextile, na permeable geosynthetic comprisedsolely of textiles3.2 Organizational Definitions:3.2.1 agency, nin geosynthetics the organization whoreviews the pe
16、rmit application for compliance with the agen-cys regulation and all quality assurance documentation beforeand after construction.3.2.2 contractor, nin geosynthetics the party or organiza-tion who has the responsibility for the construction of theman-made project, structure or system.3.2.3 designer,
17、 nin geosynthetics the person or organiza-tion who designs a man-made project, structure or system thatfulfills the owners/operators requirements and meets orexceeds the minimum requirements of the agency.3.2.4 installer, nin geosynthetics the party who installs,or facilitates installation of, any m
18、aterials purchased frommanufacturers or suppliers.3.2.5 manufacturer, nin geosynthetics the group, corpo-ration, partnership, or individual that manufactures a product.3.2.6 operator, nin geosynthetics the person or organiza-tion who operates the man-made project, structure or system.3.2.7 owner, ni
19、n geosynthetics the person or organizationwho owns the man-made project, structure or system.3.2.8 purchaser, nin geosynthetics the person, company,or organization that purchases any materials or work to beperformed.3.3 Quality Definitions:3.3.1 acceptance testing, ntesting performed on a productto
20、determine whether or not an individual lot of the productconforms with specified requirements.3.3.2 machine direction (MD), nthe direction in the planeof the fabric parallel to the direction of manufacture.3.3.3 manufacturing quality control (MQC), na plannedsystem of activities by the manufacturer
21、whose purpose is toprovide a level of quality that meets the needs of productrequirements; also, the use of such a system.3.3.4 quality assurance (QA), nall those planned or sys-tematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence thata material, product, system, or service will satisfy given ne
22、eds.4. Specifications and Use4.1 This guide suggests the types of tests, the methods of thetesting, and verification requirements for acceptance testing ofGCL materials.4.2 It should be recognized that parties, organizations orrepresentatives may perform additional tests and/or at otherfrequencies t
23、han required in this standard guide. In this case,the project-specific acceptance plan will then take precedenceover this standard guide.5. Procedure5.1 The clay components, geosynthetic components andfinished GCLs are typically tested during MQC (Practice D5889) and are typically documented by mean
24、s of a letter ofcertification and/or summarized MQC test data. These compo-nents should be verified to be in conformance with the acceptedmaterial specifications. This can be done by reviewing theletter of certification, or MQC test data, or both, or byadditional quality assurance testing, or both,
25、and acceptancetesting. Acceptance testing can be done prior to GCL shipment,directly after arrival of the GCL on site, and/or prior to GCLinstallation. Irregularities should be noted and reported.5.2 Supplied GCL rolls should be observed on site in orderto identify any damage to the rolls or the wra
26、pping. In case ofany damage Guide D 5888 should be followed. Any damageshould be noted and reported.5.3 Before storing or unrolling GCL rolls, or both, theindividual roll identification should be verified and should becompared with the packing list. Irregularities should be notedand reported.5.4 If
27、sampling of GCL material is necessary, for example,for testing purposes, Guide D 6072 should be followed.5.5 The recommended acceptance tests and test methods forGCL materials are given in Table 1. The tests are performed onthe finished GCL and should be compared with the acceptedmaterial specificat
28、ions. Irregularities should be noted andreported.5.6 GCL rolls not in compliance with the accepted materialspecifications may be rejected.6. Report6.1 All activities on product acceptance should be recordedon a suitable data sheet. Recorded activities may take the formof notes, charts sketches, phot
29、ographs, or a combination ofthese.6.1.1 Report the following information:6.1.1.1 Manufacturers letter of certification and/or MQCdata,6.1.1.2 Description or title of product acceptance activity, orboth,6.1.1.3 Location, date and time of acceptance activity,6.1.1.4 Procedure used for acceptance activ
30、ity,6.1.1.5 GCL roll and lot numbers, brand name and otherGCL specific information,6.1.1.6 Results of acceptance activity,6.1.1.7 Company of involved personnel,6.1.1.8 Signature and printed name of acceptance inspector,6.1.1.9 Summarized test results of acceptance activities,6.1.1.10 Irregularities
31、discovered during acceptance activi-ties, and6.1.1.11 Roll number of rejected GCL rolls.7. Keywords7.1 acceptance; geosynthetics; geosynthetic clay liner; test-ing; verificationD6495022ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any i
32、tem mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical co
33、mmittee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
34、 meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dri
35、ve, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.o
36、rg).TABLE 1 Types of Acceptance Tests and Methods for GCL MaterialsA,BNOTE 1MD = machine direction.MARV = minimum average roll value.Test Designation Test Method Frequency of Acceptance Test-ingAReport Value(1) Clay mass per unit area (dried) D 5993 project specific MARV(2) Swell Index D 5890 projec
37、t specific MARV(3) Fluid Loss D 5891 project specific maximum value(4) Grab tensile strength (MD) or wide-widthstrength (MD)CD 4632 or D 4595 project specific MARV(5) Tensile strength of geomembranesupport/backingD,CD 638 or D 882 project specific MARV(6) Thickness of geomembrane support/backingDD 5
38、199 project specific MARV(7) Density of geomembrane support/backingDD 792 project specific MARV(8) Bonding peel strength D 6496 project specific MARV(8) Index fluxED 5887 project specific MARVAFrequencies may change on the size or sensitivity of the project. On small projects tests may be replaced b
39、y a letter of certification. Example for project (size 50 000m2(500 000 ft2) specific acceptance testing:Clay mass per unit area (dried) every 10 000 m2(100 000 ft2)Free swell every 10 000 m2(100 000 ft2)Fluid loss every 10 000 m2(100 000 ft2)Grab tensile strength (MD) orTensile Properties by the Wi
40、de-width stripEevery 25 000 m2(250 000 ft2)Tensile strength of geomembrane support/backing every 25 000 m2(250 000 ft2)Thickness of geomembrane support/backing every 10 000 m2(100 000 ft2)Density of geomembrane support/backing every 10 000 m2(100 000 ft2)Bonding peel strength every 10 000 m2(100 000
41、 ft2)Index flux every 25 000 m2(250 000 ft2)BAdditional acceptance tests may be required depending on the application. For example, in applications where shear strength is critical, direct shear tests (Test MethodD 6243) may be applicable.CThe correct test method should be agreed on prior to testingDApplicable only for geomembrane-supported and geomembrane-backed GCLs.EThis test may not be applicable for geomembrane-supported and geomembrane-backed GCLs.D6495023
