1、Designation: D 6514 03 (Reapproved 2008)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forHigh Temperature Universal Oxidation Test for Turbine Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6514; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for evaluating theoxidation of inhibited
3、lubricants in the presence of air, copper,and iron metals.1.2 This test method was developed and is used to evaluatethe high temperature oxidation stability and deposit formingtendency of oils for steam and gas turbines. It has been used fortesting other lubricants made with mineral oil and syntheti
4、cbasestocks for compressors, hydraulic pumps, and other appli-cations, but these have not been used in cooperative testing.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of
5、thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Identified hazard-ous chemicals are listed in Section 7. Before usi
6、ng this testmethod, refer to suppliers safety labels, Material Safety DataSheets and other technical literature.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 510 Specification for General Requirements for WireRods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon SteelB1 Specification for Hard-Drawn Copper WireD 445 Tes
7、t Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD 943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhib-ited Mineral OilsD 974 Test Method for Acid and Base Numb
8、er by Color-Indicator TitrationD 3339 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Prod-ucts by Semi-Micro Color Indicator TitrationD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4871 Guide for Universal Oxidation/Thermal StabilityTest ApparatusD 5846 Test Method for Universal O
9、xidation Test for Hy-draulic and Turbine Oils Using the Universal OxidationTest Apparatus2.2 British Standards:3BS 1829 Specification for Carbon Steel, alternate to Speci-fication A 5102.3 Institute of Petroleum Standard:4IP 2546 Practice for Sampling of Petroleum Products;Alternate to Practice D 40
10、572.4 ASTM Adjunct5Oxidation Cell Varnish Standard3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 Universal Oxidation Testthe apparatus and proce-dures described in Guide D 4871.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 After determining the viscosity at 40C and acid numberof a sample, a t
11、est specimen is stressed at 155C for 96 h.Aftercooling, the test specimen is vacuum filtered for the determi-nation of the total insolubles formed during the test. Totalinsolubles are reported as low, medium, or high.4.2 The viscosity and the acid number of the filtrate aredetermined and compared wi
12、th the initial values to ascertain1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of D02.09.0C onOxidation of Turbine Oils.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published February 2009. Originallyapproved in 2000
13、. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 651403.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Availab
14、le from British Standards Institute (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd.,London W4 4AL, U.K.4Available from Institute of Petroleum (IP), 61 New Cavendish St., London,WIG 7AR, U.K.5Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.ADJD6514. Names of suppliers in the United Kingdom can be obtai
15、ned from theInstitute of Petroleum. Two master standards are held by the IP for reference.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.any increase in those values. Both the change in acid numberand the increase in viscosity at 40
16、C are reported.4.3 The glass cell in which the test specimen was stressed isrinsed with heptane and dried. Residual deposits are comparedwith ASTM Adjunct ADJD6514,5and the results are reported.5. Significance and Use5.1 Degradation of fluid lubricants because of oxidation orthermal breakdown can re
17、sult in fluid thickening or in theformation of acids or insoluble solids and render the fluid unfitfor further use as a lubricant.5.2 This test method can be used for estimating the oxida-tion stability of oils. It can function as a formulation screeningtool, specification requirement, quality contr
18、ol measurement,or as a means of estimating remaining service life. It shall berecognized, however, that correlation between results of thistest method and the oxidation stability of an oil in field servicecan vary markedly with field service conditions and withvarious oils.5.3 This test method is de
19、signed to compliment Test MethodD 5846 and is intended for evaluation of fluids which do notdegrade significantly within a reasonable period of time at135C.6. Apparatus6.1 Heating Block, as shown in Fig. 1, and as furtherdescribed in Guide D 4871, to provide a controlled constanttemperature for cond
20、ucting the test.6.1.1 Test cells are maintained at constant elevated tempera-ture by means of a heated aluminum block which surroundseach test cell. Alternate apparatus designs for sample heatingand for temperature and flow control shall be acceptable,provided they are shown to maintain temperature
21、and gas flowwithin the standards specified limits.6.1.2 Holes in the aluminum block to accommodate the testcells shall provide 1.0 mm maximum clearance for 38-mmoutside diameter glass tubes. The test cells shall fit into theblock to a depth of 225 6 5 mm.FIG. 1 Heating BlockD 6514 03 (2008)26.2 Temp
22、erature Control System, as shown at lower left inFig. 1, and as further described in Guide D 4871, to maintainthe test oils in the heating block at 155 6 0.5C for the durationof the test.6.3 Gas Flow Control System, as shown at the upper left inFig. 1, and as further described in Guide D 4871, to pr
23、ovide dryair at a flow rate of 3.0 6 0.5 L/h to each test cell.6.3.1 A gas flow controller is required for each test cell.6.3.2 Flowmeters shall have a scale length sufficiently longto permit accurate reading and control to within 5 % of fullscale.6.3.3 The total system accuracy shall meet or exceed
24、 thefollowing tolerances:6.3.3.1 Inlet pressure regulator within 0.34 kPa (0.05 psig)of setpoint; total flow control system reproducibility within7 % of full scale; repeatability of measurement within 0.5 % offull scale.6.4 Oxidation Cell, borosilicate glass, as shown in Fig. 2,and as further descri
25、bed in Guide D 4871. This consists of atest cell of borosilicate glass, standard wall, 38 mm outsidediameter, 300 6 5-mm length, with open end fitted with a34/45 standard-taper, ground-glass outer joint.6.5 Gas Inlet Tube, as shown in Fig. 2, and as furtherdescribed in Guide D 4871. This consists of
26、 an 8-mm outsidediameter glass tube, 455 6 5 mm long, lower end with fusedcapillary 1.5-mm inside diameter. The capillary bore shall be15 6 1 mm long. The lower tip is cut at a 45 angle.6.6 Basic Head, as shown in Fig. 3, and as further describedin Guide D 4871. This is an air condenser, with 34/45
27、standard-taper, ground-glass inner joint, opening for gas inlet tube,septum port for sample withdrawal, and exit tube to conductoff-gases and entrained vapors. Overall length shall be 125 65 mm.6.7 Test precision was developed using the universaloxidation/thermal stability test apparatus described i
28、n GuideD 4871.6,7Alternate apparatus designs for sample heating, andfor temperature and flow control shall be acceptable providedthey are shown to maintain temperature and gas flow within thespecified limits.6.8 Drying Oven, explosion proof model recommended.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Reagent grad
29、e chemicals shall be used in all tests.Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagentsconform to the specifications of the Committee on AnalyticalReagents of the American Chemical Society, where suchspecifications are available.8Other grades may be used, pro-vided it is first ascertaine
30、d that the reagent is of sufficientlyhigh purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy ofthe determination.7.2 Catalyst Coil (comprised of the following):7,96The sole source of supply of the standard commercial apparatus, includingheating block, temperature control system, flow control sy
31、stem, and glassware,known to the committee at this time is Falex Corp., 1020 Airpark Drive, SugarGrove, IL 60554-9585. Glassware for the Universal Oxidation test apparatus is alsoavailable from W.A. Sales, Ltd., 419 Harvester Ct., Wheeling, IL 60090.7If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please
32、 provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee1, which you may attend.8Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For Sugges
33、tions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Annual Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.9The sole source of supply of p
34、repared catalyst coils for use with this testmethod known to the committee at this time isC oilslubricating;oxidation stability; turbine oil; universal oxidation testAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. PROCEDURE FOR PACKAGING CATALYST COILSX1.1 MaterialsX1.1.1 Test Tubes, borosilicate glass, 250 m
35、m length, 25mm outside diameter, approximately 22 mm inside diameter.X1.1.2 Caps, for test tubes, polyethylene, cylindrical shape,designed to closely grip outside surface of the test tube.7,13X1.1.3 Desiccant Bags, 3-g silica gel granules in paperpackage, approximately 76 mm (3 in.) long, 51 mm (2 i
36、n.)wide, 3 mm (18 in.) thick.7,14X1.1.4 Flushing Tube, stainless steel or glass, approxi-mately 5 mm (316 in.) outside diameter, 305 mm (12 in.) long,to deliver nitrogen to bottom of test tube.X1.1.5 Nitrogen Gas, 99.7 % minimum purity.X1.2 ProcedureFlush a new test tube with nitrogen gas,using the
37、flushing tube, to blow out any loose particles. Thetube must be visibly clean and dry. Hold the tube on an angleand gently slide the catalyst coil into the tube. Add a desiccantbag which has been folded lengthwise to fit in the tube. Insertthe nitrogen flushing tube down the middle of the test tube,
38、 tothe bottom, and blow nitrogen through the tube for severalseconds. Immediately after withdrawing the flushing tube, sealthe test tube with a polyethylene cap.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this sta
39、ndard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be revi
40、ewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsib
41、le technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Co
42、nshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).13The sole source of
43、 supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Caplugs, No. 1-SC, available from Unisco, Inc., 600 Palisode Ave., EnglewoodCliffs, NJ.14The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Dri-Pax Air Dryers, available from Davison Chemical Div., W.R. Grac
44、e and Co.,Baltimore, MD.TABLE 1 Oxidation Cell Varnish ClassificationClassification Designation DescriptionA0 no varnish clear1 slight varnish clear to light gray-brown2 medium varnish amber to light brown3 severe varnish dark brown to dark red andblack with black depositsAThe ASTM Oxidation Cell Varnish Standard (ADJD65145) is a coloredreproduction of oxidation cells characteristic of these descriptions.D 6514 03 (2008)6
