1、Designation: D6817/D6817M 15D6817/D6817M 17Standard Specification forRigid Cellular Polystyrene Geofoam1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6817/D6817M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the types, physical properties, and dimensions of rigid cellular polystyrene intended for use
3、 asgeofoam.1.2 This specification does not cover the layout, placement, and workmanship for proper installation and performance of rigidcellular polystyrene geofoam.1.3 Rigid cellular polystyrene geofoam covered by this specification may need protection from certain chemicals, environmentalexposure,
4、 and concentrated loads. Additional design considerations may include thermal conductivity and buoyancy. Guidelinesregarding these end use end-use considerations are included in Appendix X1.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The va
5、lues stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated w
6、ith its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatoryrequirements prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on stan
7、dardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Prop
8、erties of Thermal InsulationsC203 Test Methods for Breaking Load and Flexural Properties of Block-Type Thermal InsulationC303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Preformed Block and BoardType Thermal InsulationC390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal Insulation LotsC578 Specificati
9、on for Rigid, Cellular Polystyrene Thermal InsulationD1621 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Cellular PlasticsD1622/D1622M Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular PlasticsD2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Pl
10、astics(Oxygen Index)D4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD7557/D7557M Practice for Sampling of Expanded Polystyrene Geofoam SpecimensE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Meth
11、od3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology D4439.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Permeability andFiltration.Current edition approved
12、 Jan. 1, 2015June 1, 2017. Published January 2015June 2017. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20132015 asD6817/D6817MD6817/D6817M 15.13a. DOI: 10.1520/D6817_D6817M-15.10.1520/D6817_D6817M-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactA
13、STM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been ma
14、de to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Cop
15、yright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.2 geofoamblock or planar rigid cellular foam polymeric material used in geotechnical engineering applications.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 EPS, XXnumber desi
16、gnation for expanded polystyrene geofoam type(s) having a minimum density of XX kg/m3 lb/ft3.3.2.2 RCPSletter designation for EPS and XPS rigid cellular polystyrene geofoam covered by this specification.3.2.3 XPS, XXnumber designation for extruded polystyrene geofoam type(s) having a minimum density
17、 of XX kg/m3 lb/ft3.4. Ordering Information4.1 Acquisition documents shall specify the following:4.1.1 Title, number, and year of this specification.4.1.2 Type, as per Table 1.4.1.3 Total product volume required of each type.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 RCPS geofoam shall be formed by the expansi
18、on of polystyrene resin beads or granules in a molding process (EPS) or bythe expansion of polystyrene base resin in an extrusion process (XPS). RCPS geofoam may be manufactured with reprocessedpolystyrene foam (regrind).5.2 RCPS geofoam shall be of uniform density and have essentially closed cells.
19、 RCPS geofoam is an organic material and isconsidered combustible. It should not be exposed to flames or other ignition sources.6. Qualification Requirements6.1 The physical properties listed in Table 1 constitute the minimum product qualification requirements for commonlymanufactured types of RCPS
20、geofoam. The compressive resistance at 1 % strain is typically within the elastic limit of the geofoamproduct types in Table 1 and is accepted as the compressive resistance to limit long-term deformation under structural load.6.2 RCPS Geofoam TypesIt is the usersusers responsibility to specify the r
21、equired type as in Table 1 and to obtain supportingdocumentation regarding physical properties from the material supplier.6.3 Combustibility RequirementsAll RCPS geofoam shall contain sufficient flame retardants to meet a minimum OxygenIndexoxygen index as required in Table 1.6.4 CuringUnless otherw
22、ise specified in the contract, RCPS geofoam shall be cured for a minimum of 24 h before deliveryand inspection.7. Availability and Dimensional Tolerance7.1 AvailabilityThe RCPS geofoam materials covered by this specification are commonly available in the size range shownin Table 2. Specific RCPS geo
23、foam block dimensions vary by manufacturer equipment characteristics.7.2 Dimensional ToleranceUnless otherwise specified, the acceptable length, width, thickness, flatness, and squarenesstolerance criteria on RCPS geofoam shall not exceed 60.5 %.TABLE 1 Physical Property Requirements of RCPS Geofoam
24、AType EPS12 EPS15 EPS19 EPS22 EPS29 EPS39 EPS46 XPS20 XPS21 XPS26 XPS29 XPS36 XPS48Density, min.,kg/m3 lb/ft311.20.7014.40.9018.41.1521.61.3528.81.8038.42.4045.72.8519.21.2020.81.3025.61.6028.81.8035.22.2048.03.00CompressiveResistance,min., kPa psiat 1 % strain152.2253.6405.8507.37510.910315.012818.
25、6202.9355.17510.910515.216023.228040.6FlexuralStrength, min.,kPa psi6910.017225.020730.02403534550.041460.051775.027640.027640.034550.041460.051775.0689100.0Oxygen index,min.,volume %24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0Oxygen Index,min.,volume %24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24
26、.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0A For products that have an external skin, testing shall be undertaken with skins intact.D6817/D6817M 1728. Damage and Degradation8.1 DamageRCPS geofoam as delivered to the project site shall have no defects that will adversely affect its service andworkability q
27、ualities. Material units that manifest unacceptable surface or volumetric damage shall be replaced.8.1.1 Surface DamageDamage to load bearing load-bearing RCPS geofoam surfaces shall be limited to less than 20 % of theequivalent load bearing load-bearing area of the unit.8.1.2 Volume DamageVolumetri
28、c damage of RCPS geofoam shall be limited to less than 1 % of the volume of a single unit.8.1.3 UV (Ultra-Violet)(Ultraviolet) DegradationDiscoloration and dusting of RCPS geofoam caused by the extensiveexposure to sunlight is a defect that will adversely affect its service and is grounds for reject
29、ion. Refer to X1.6.9. Inspection9.1 SamplingUnless otherwise specified in the purchase order or contract, the material shall be sampled for inspection inaccordance with Practice D7557/D7557M for EPS types or Practice C390. for XPS types.9.2 WeightDetermine the weight of selected full size full-size
30、units in accordance with Test Method D1622/D1622M, or asspecified.9.3 DimensionsVerify specified dimensions and tolerances, as prescribed in Test Method D1622/D1622M and 7.2 of thisspecification.9.4 DensityCompute the density of test samples in accordance with Test Method D1622/D1622M.10. Acceptance
31、 or Rejection10.1 Material that fails to conform to this specification shall be rejected promptly in writing. The manufacturer or supplier shallhave the right to re-inspect the rejected shipment and resubmit selected units for acceptance under tightened inspection.11. Certification11.1 Unless otherw
32、ise specified in the purchase order or contract, the manufacturer or supplier shall furnish third partythird-party certification that the representative material has either been tested or inspected as directed in the specification and therequirements have been met. When specified in the purchase ord
33、er or contract, a report of the test results shall be furnished.12. Product Marking12.1 The following shall be marked on each whole unit of product:12.1.1 Manufacturers Identification,Manufacturers identification,12.1.2 Date of Manufacture,manufacture, and12.1.3 Type, (SeeType (see Table 1).13. Test
34、 Methods13.1 Conditioning:13.1.1 Samples shall be conditioned at a standard laboratory temperature of 23 6 2C2 C 73.4 6 4F4 F for a minimumof 24 h 24 h prior to the start of tests.13.2 Dimensions and DensityTest in accordance with Test Method C303 or Test Method D1622/D1622M.13.3 Compressive Resista
35、nceTest in accordance with Test Method C165 or Test Method D1621 using 50 mm 2 in. 50-mm2-in. cubes. The rate of cross-head movement shall be 5.0 6 0.50.5 mm mm/min min 0.2 6 0.02 in./min equivalent to 10 %strain per minute.13.4 Flexural StrengthTest in accordance with Test MethodMethods C203.13.5 O
36、xygen IndexTest in accordance with Test Method D2863.14. Precision and Bias314.1 The precision of thisthe test method described in 13.3 is based on an interlaboratory study of 13.3 of Specification D6817,conducted in 2011.Atotal of seven laboratories participated in this study, testing three materia
37、ls at 1 %, 5 %, and 10 % compressive3 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D35-1014. Contact ASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.TABLE 2 Common Manufactured Dimensions of RCPS GeofoamDimension,mm in. All EPS Types
38、 All XPS TypesWidth 305 to 1219 12 to 48 406 to 1219 16 to 48Length 1219 to 4877 48 to1921219 to 2743 48 to108Thickness 25 to 1219 1 to 48 25 to 102 1 to 4D6817/D6817M 173resistance. Each “test result” reported represents an individual determination, and all participants were asked to report five te
39、stresults for each area tested. Practice E691 was followed for the design and analysis of the data; the details are given in ASTMResearch Report No. RR: D35-1014.14.1.1 Repeatability limitLimit (r)Two test results obtained within one laboratory shall be judged not equivalent if they differby more th
40、an the “r” value for that material; “r” is the interval representing the critical difference between two test results for thesame material, obtained by the same operator using the same equipment on the same day in the same laboratory.14.1.1.1 Repeatability limits are listed in Tables 3-5.14.1.2 Repr
41、oducibility limitLimit (R)Two test results shall be judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the “R” valuefor that material; “R” is the interval representing the critical difference between two test results for the same material, obtainedby different operators using different equipment in d
42、ifferent laboratories.14.1.2.1 Reproducibility limits are listed in Tables 3-5.14.1.3 The above terms (repeatability limit and reproducibility limit) are used as specified in Practice E177.14.1.4 Any judgment made in accordance with statements 14.1.1 and 14.1.2 would have an approximate 95 % probabi
43、lity ofbeing correct.14.2 BiasAs there were no available standard reference materials at the time of this study, bias cannot be determined.14.3 The precision statement was determined through statistical examination of 315 test results, submitted by sevenlaboratories, recording compressive resistance
44、 measurements of three materials.14.3.1 The three materials were all described as expanded polystyrene.14.4 To judge the equivalency of two test results, it is recommended to choose the material that is closest in characteristics tothe test material.15. Keywords15.1 block; board; cellular polystyren
45、e; EPS; expanded polystyrene; extruded polystyrene; foam plastic; geofoam; RCPS;reprocessed; rigid cellular polystyrene; XPSTABLE 3 Compressive Resistance at 1 % (units)(Units)MaterialAverageAx_xRepeatabilityStandardDeviationSrReproducibilityStandardDeviationSRRepeatabilityLimitrReproducibilityLimit
46、RA 4.564 0.333 0.647 0.933 1.812B 9.855 0.381 1.144 1.068 3.203C 21.591 0.850 2.310 2.379 6.467A The average of the laboratories calculated averages.D6817/D6817M 174APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. END-USE CONSIDERATIONSX1.1 Thermal ResistanceX1.1.1 RCPS geofoam also functions as a thermal insu
47、lation. The thermal insulation properties of RCPS geofoam are as specifiedin Specification C578, and may impact the end use end-use design of applications subject to different exposure conditions. Consultthe RCPS geofoam manufacturer for specific recommendations.X1.2 Solvent ExposureX1.2.1 RCPS geof
48、oam must be protected from petroleum based petroleum-based solvents and their vapors. Examples of thesesolvents are: gasoline, diesel fuel, concrete curing compound, coal tar pitch, and asphaltic mastic compounds.X1.3 Equipment TrafficX1.3.1 Equipment traffic that can impose contact pressures in exc
49、ess of the allowable design stress for RCPS geofoam should berestricted. Protective materials such as sheathing or planks may be placed on the material to allow light rubber-tired equipmentuse.X1.4 BuoyancyX1.4.1 RCPS geofoam becomes buoyant when submerged in water and adequate ballast must be provided to resist expected upliftforces.X1.5 DesignX1.5.1 The design and installation of RCPS geofoam is the responsibility of the user.TABL
