1、Designation: D6817 11Standard Specification forRigid Cellular Polystyrene Geofoam1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6817; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in par
2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the types, physical propertiesand dimensions of rigid cellular polystyrene intended for use asgeofoam.1.2 This specificati
3、on does not cover the layout, placementand workmanship for proper installation and performance ofrigid cellular polystyrene geofoam.1.3 Rigid cellular polystyrene geofoam covered by thisspecification may need protection from certain chemicals,environmental exposure, and concentrated loads. Additiona
4、ldesign considerations may include thermal conductivity andbuoyancy. Guidelines regarding these end use considerationsare included in Appendix X1.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this stan
5、dard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Propertiesof Thermal InsulationsC203 Test Methods for Breaking Load and Flexural P
6、rop-erties of Block-Type Thermal InsulationC303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pre-formed Block and BoardType Thermal InsulationC390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of ThermalInsulation LotsC578 Specification for Rigid, Cellular Polystyrene ThermalInsulationD1621 Test Method for Comp
7、ressive Properties of RigidCellular PlasticsD1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid CellularPlasticsD2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimum OxygenConcentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion ofPlastics (Oxygen Index)E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Met
8、hodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-nology D4439.3.1.2 geofoamblock or planar rigid cellular foam poly-meric material used in geotechnical enginee
9、ring applications.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 EPS, XXnumber designation for expanded polysty-rene geofoam Type(s) having a minimum density of XXkg/m3(lb/ft3).3.2.2 XPS, XXnumber designation for extruded polysty-rene geofoam Type(s) having a minimum density of XXkg/m3(lb/
10、ft3).3.2.3 RCPSletter designation for EPS and XPS rigidcellular polystyrene geofoam covered by this specification.4. Ordering Information4.1 Acquisition documents shall specify the following:4.1.1 Title, number and year of this specification.4.1.2 Type, as per Table 1, or minimum density required.4.
11、1.3 Total product volume required of each Type, orminimum density.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 RCPS geofoam shall be formed by the expansion ofpolystyrene resin beads or granules in a molding process (EPS)or by the expansion of polystyrene base resin in an extrusionprocess (XPS). RCPS geofoam may
12、 be manufactured withreprocessed polystyrene foam (regrind).1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Perme-ability and Filtration.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published October 2011. Origi
13、nallypublished 2002. Last previous edition published 2007 as D681707. DOI:10.1520/D6817-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Su
14、mmary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.TABLE 1 Physical Property Requirements of RCPS GeofoamA,BType EPS12 EPS15 EPS19 EPS22 EPS29 EPS39 EPS46 XPS20 XPS21 XPS26 XPS29 XPS36 XPS48Density, min.,kg
15、/m3(lb/ft3)11.2 (0.70) 14.4 (0.90) 18.4 (1.15) 21.6 (1.35) 28.8 (1.80) 38.4 (2.40) 45.7 (2.85) 19.2 (1.20) 20.8 (1.30) 25.6 (1.60) 28.8 (1.80) 35.2 (2.20) 48.0 (3.00)Compressive Resistance, min.,kPa (psi) at 1 %15 (2.2) 25 (3.6) 40 (5.8) 50 (7.3) 75 (10.9) 103 (15.0) 128 (18.6) 20 (2.9) 35 (5.1) 75
16、(10.9) 105 (15.2) 160 (23.2) 280 (40.6)Compressive Resistance, min.,kPa (psi) at 5 %35 (5.1) 55 (8.0) 90 (13.1) 115 (16.7) 170 (24.7) 241 (35.0) 300 (43.5) 85 (12.3) 110 (16.0) 185 (26.8) 235 (34.1) 335 (48.6) 535 (77.6)Compressive Resistance, min.,kPa (psi) at 10 %A40 (5.8) 70 (10.2) 110 (16.0) 135
17、 (19.6) 200 (29.0) 276(40.0) 345 (50) 104 (15.0) 104 (15.0) 173 (25.0) 276 (40.0) 414 (60.0) 690 (100.0)Flexural Strength, min.,kPa (psi)69 (10.0) 172 (25.0) 207 (30.0) 276 (40.0) 345 (50.0) 414 (60.0) 517 (75.0) 276 (40.0) 276 (40.0) 345 (50.0) 414 (60.0) 517 (75.0) 689 (100.0)Oxygen index, min.,vo
18、lume %24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0AIf yield occurs prior to 10% deformation, report compressive resistance and deformation at yield in addition to the compressive resistance at 1%, 5% and 10% deformation.BFor products that have an external skin, testing shall be u
19、ndertaken with skins intact.D68171125.2 RCPS geofoam shall be of uniform density and haveessentially closed cells. RCPS geofoam is an organic materialand is considered combustible. It should not be exposed toflames or other ignition sources.6. Qualification Requirements6.1 The physical properties li
20、sted in Table 1 constitute theminimum product qualification requirements for commonlymanufactured types of RCPS geofoam.6.2 RCPS Geofoam TypesIt is the users responsibility tospecify the requiredType as inTable 1 and to obtain supportingdocumentation regarding physical properties from the materialsu
21、pplier.6.3 Combustibility RequirementsAll RCPS geofoam shallcontain sufficient flame retardants to meet a minimum OxygenIndex as required in Table 1.6.4 CuringUnless otherwise specified in the contract,RCPS geofoam shall be cured for a minimum of 24 h beforedelivery and inspection.7. Availability an
22、d Dimensional Tolerance7.1 AvailabilityThe RCPS geofoam materials covered bythis specification are commonly available in the size rangeshown in Table 2. Specific RCPS geofoam block dimensionsvary by manufacturer equipment characteristics.7.2 Dimensional ToleranceUnless otherwise specified,the accept
23、able length, width, thickness, flatness and squarenesstolerance criteria on RCPS geofoam shall not exceed 6 0.5 %.8. Damage and Degradation8.1 DamageRCPS geofoam as delivered to the projectsite shall have no defects that will adversely affect its serviceand workability qualities. Material units that
24、 manifest unac-ceptable surface or volumetric damage shall be replaced.8.1.1 Surface DamageDamage to load bearing RCPSgeofoam surfaces shall be limited to less than 20 % of theequivalent load bearing area of the unit.8.1.2 Volume DamageVolumetric damage of RCPS geo-foam shall be limited to less than
25、 1 % of the volume of a singleunit.8.1.3 UV (Ultra-Violet) DegradationDiscoloration anddusting of RCPS geofoam caused by the extensive exposure tosunlight is a defect that will adversely affect its service and isgrounds for rejection. Refer to X1.6.9. Inspection9.1 SamplingUnless otherwise specified
26、 in the purchaseorder or contract, the material shall be sampled for inspectionin accordance with Criteria C390.9.2 WeightDetermine the weight of selected full size unitsin accordance with Test Method D1622, or as specified.9.3 DimensionsVerify specified dimensions and toler-ances, as prescribed in
27、Test Method D1622 and 7.2 of thisspecification.9.4 DensityCompute the density of test samples in accor-dance with Test Method D1622.10. Acceptance or Rejection10.1 Material that fails to conform to this specification shallbe rejected promptly in writing. The manufacturer or suppliershall have the ri
28、ght to re-inspect the rejected shipment andresubmit selected units for acceptance under tightened inspec-tion.11. Certification11.1 Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order orcontract, the manufacturer or supplier shall furnish third partycertification that representative material has either
29、 been testedor inspected as directed in the specification and the require-ments have been met. When specified in the purchase order orcontract, a report of the test results shall be furnished.12. Product Marking12.1 The following shall be marked on each whole unit ofproduct:12.1.1 Manufacturers Iden
30、tification,12.1.2 Date of Manufacture,12.1.3 Type, (See Table 1), and12.1.4 Weight, or Density.13. Test Methods13.1 Dimensions and DensityTest in accordance with TestMethod C303 or Test Method D1622.13.2 Compressive ResistanceTest in accordance with TestMethod C165 or Test Method D1621 using 50 mm (
31、2 in.)cubes. The rate of cross-head movement shall be 5.0 6 0.5mm/min (0.2 6 0.02 in/min) equivalent to 10 % strain perminute.13.3 Flexural StrengthTest in accordance with TestMethod C203.13.4 Oxygen IndexTest in accordance with Test MethodD2863.14. Precision and Bias14.1 The precision of this test
32、method is based on aninterlaboratory study of 13.2 of Specification D6817, StandardSpecification for Rigid Cellular Polystyrene Geofoam, con-ducted in 2011.Atotal of seven laboratories participated in thisstudy, testing three materials at 1%, 5%, and 10% compressiveresistance. Each “test result” rep
33、orted represents an individualdetermination, and all participants were asked to report five testresults for each area tested. Practice E691 was followed for thedesign and analysis of the data; the details are given in ASTMResearch Report No. D35-10174.33Supporting data have been filed at ASTM Intern
34、ational Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D35-1014.TABLE 2 Common Manufactured Dimensions of RCPS GeofoamDimension, mm (in.) All EPS Types All XPS TypesWidth 305 to 1219 (12 to 48) 406 to 1219 (16 to 48)Length 1219 to 4877 (48 to 192) 1219 to 2743 (48 to 108)Thickness
35、25 to 1219 (1 to 48) 25 to 102 (1 to 4)D6817 11314.1.1 Repeatability limit (r)Two test results obtainedwithin one laboratory shall be judged not equivalent if theydiffer by more than the “r” value for that material; “r” is theinterval representing the critical difference between two testresults for
36、the same material, obtained by the same operatorusing the same equipment on the same day in the samelaboratory.14.1.1.1 Repeatability limits are listed in Tables 3-5.14.1.2 Reproducibility limit (R)Two test results shall bejudged not equivalent if they differ by more than the “R” valuefor that mater
37、ial; “R” is the interval representing the criticaldifference between two test results for the same material,obtained by different operators using different equipment indifferent laboratories.14.1.2.1 Reproducibility limits are listed in Tables 3-5.14.1.3 The above terms (repeatability limit and repr
38、oduc-ibility limit) are used as specified in Practice E177.14.1.4 Any judgment made in accordance with statements14.1.1 and 14.1.2 would have an approximate 95% probabilityof being correct.14.2 BiasAs there were no available standard referencematerials at the time of this study, bias cannot be deter
39、mined.14.3 The precision statement was determined through sta-tistical examination of 315 test results, submitted by sevenlaboratories, recording compressive resistance measurementsof three materials.14.3.1 The three materials were all described as expandedpolystyrene.14.4 To judge the equivalency o
40、f two test results, it isrecommended to choose the material that is closest in charac-teristics to the test material.15. Keywords15.1 block; board; cellular polystyrene; EPS; expandedpolystyrene; extruded polystyrene; foam plastic; geofoam;RCPS; reprocessed; rigid cellular polystyrene; XPSAPPENDIX(N
41、onmandatory Information)X1. END-USE CONSIDERATIONSX1.1 Thermal ResistanceX1.1.1 RCPS geofoam also functions as a thermal insula-tion.The thermal insulation properties of RCPS geofoam are asspecified in Specification C578, and may impact the end usedesign of applications subject to different exposure
42、 conditions.Consult the RCPS geofoam manufacturer for specific recom-mendations.X1.2 Solvent ExposureX1.2.1 RCPS geofoam must be protected from petroleumbased solvents and their vapors. Examples of these solventsare: gasoline, diesel fuel, concrete curing compound, coal tarpitch, and asphaltic masti
43、c compounds.X1.3 Equipment TrafficX1.3.1 Equipment traffic that can impose contact pressuresin excess of the allowable design stress for RCPS geofoamshould be restricted. Protective materials such as sheathing orplanks may be placed on the material to allow light rubber-tiredequipment use.X1.4 Buoya
44、ncyX1.4.1 RCPS geofoam becomes buoyant when submergedin water and adequate ballast must be provided to resistexpected uplift forces.X1.5 DesignX1.5.1 The design and installation of RCPS geofoam is theresponsibility of the user.X1.5.2 RCPS geofoam can be supplied precut to specifieddimensions to fit
45、specific project needs. Desired shapes andsizes can also be field cut with a hot wire, saw, or other cuttingtool.TABLE 3 1% Compressive Resistance (units)Material AverageA_xRepeatabilityStandardDeviationSrReproducibilityStandardDeviationSRRepeatabilityLimitrReproducibilityLimitRA 4.564 0.333 0.647 0
46、.933 1.812B 9.855 0.381 1.144 1.068 3.203C 21.591 0.850 2.310 2.379 6.467AThe average of the laboratories calculated averagesTABLE 4 5% Compressive Resistance (units)Material AverageA_xRepeatabilityStandardDeviationSrReproducibilityStandardDeviationSRRepeatabilityLimitrReproducibilityLimitRA 11.021
47、0.480 0.631 1.344 1.767B 19.956 0.454 0.527 1.270 1.474C 42.664 0.932 1.152 2.610 3.226AThe average of the laboratories calculated averagesTABLE 5 10% Compressive Resistance (units)Material AverageA_xRepeatabilityStandardDeviationSrReproducibilityStandardDeviationSRRepeatabilityLimitrReproducibility
48、LimitRA 12.660 0.532 0.701 1.490 1.962B 22.051 0.510 0.609 1.427 1.705C 46.705 1.080 1.343 3.023 3.760AThe average of the laboratories calculated averagesD6817 114X1.6 Ultra-Violet DegradationX1.6.1 Discoloration and dusting of load bearing surfacesof RCPS geofoam caused by extended exposure to sunl
49、ightshall be removed by pressure washing.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your c
