1、Designation: D 6824 07An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDetermining Filterability of Aviation Turbine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6824; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining thefilterability of aviation turbine fuels.NOTE 1
3、ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this testmethod are Specifications D 1655 and D 6615 and the military fuelscovered in the military specifications listed in 2.2.1.2 This test method is not applicable to fuels that containundissolved water.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to
4、be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and
5、 determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Con-tamination in Dis
6、tillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Proce-dures)D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4860 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Con-tamination in Mid-Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Nu-merical Rating)D 5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Avia-
7、tion Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD 6426 Test Method for Determining Filterability of Distil-late Fuel OilsD 6615 Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut Aviation TurbineFuelE1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers2.2 Military Standards:3MIL-DTL-5624 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Grades JP-4, JP-5,and JP-5/JP-8 S
8、TMIL-DTL-25524 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Thermally StableMIL-DTL-38219 Turbine Fuels, Low Volatility, JP-7MIL-DTL-83133 Turbine Fuels, Aviation, Kerosine Types,NATO F-34 (JP-8), NATO F-35, and JP-8+1002.3 ASTM Adjuncts:ADJD6300 D2PP, Version 4.43, Determination of Preci-sion and Bias Data for Use in T
9、est Methods for PetroleumProducts43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 filterabilitya measure of the rapidity with which astandard filter medium is plugged by insoluble matter in fueland can be described in the following ways:3.1.1.1 filterability (by pressure)the p
10、ressure drop acrossa filter medium when 300 mL of fuel is passed at a rate of 20mL/min.3.1.1.2 filterability (by volume)the volume of fuel passedwhen 104 kPa (15 psi) is reached. This method of report is usedwhen less than 300 mL passes at that pressure, 104 kPa (15psi).3.1.1.3 filterability quality
11、 factor (F-QF)a value that de-fines the filter plugging tendency of a fuel caused by particu-late. The value is calculated using the volume and pressureattained at the end of the test cycle. Depending on the outcomeof the test, two different equations are applied.3.1.1.4 DiscussionEq 1 is applied if
12、 the total sample wasdischarged prior to reaching the maximum pressure or Eq 2 ifthe maximum pressure was reached prior to discharging theentire sample. The equations proportion the results so that acontinuous range of 0 to 100 is attained. Eq 1 yields valuesfrom 50 to 100, whereas Eq 2 yields value
13、s from 0 to 50.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.J0.01 on Jet Fuel Specifications.Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last pre
14、vious edition approved in 2004 as D 682404.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from St
15、andardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098.4Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.ADJD6300.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dri
16、ve, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Higher values signify less particulate that can plug a filter of agiven pore size and porosity.(1) If the total sample, 300 mL, is discharged prior toreaching the maximum pressure, 104 kPa (15 psi), the F-QF iscalculated by the followi
17、ng equation:F2QF300 mL at PF!5 15 psi 2 PF! / 15 psi 50 1 50 (1)where:P(F)= final pressure when the total sample, 300 mL, wasdischarged.(2) If the total sample is not discharged prior to reachingthe maximum pressure, 104 kPa (15 psi), the F-QF is calcu-lated by the following equation:F2QFVF!at 15 ps
18、i! 5 VF!/ 6 (2)where:V(F)= final volume when the maximum pressure wasreached.3.1.1.5 DiscussionThe final volume (V(F) is divided by 6,since the maximum possible volume is 300 mL. By dividing by6, the values for that test result are proportioned to fit the rangefrom 0 to 50.4. Summary of Test Method4
19、.1 A sample is passed at a constant rate (20 mL/min)through a standard porosity filter medium. The pressure dropacross the filter and the volume of filtrate are monitored. Thetest is concluded either when the pressure drop across the filterexceeds 104 kPa (15 psi) or when 300 mL have passed throught
20、he filter.4.2 Results are reported as either the volume that has passedthrough the filter when a pressure of 104 kPa (15 psi) has beenreached or the pressure drop when 300 mL have passedthrough the filter.4.3 Verification of the apparatus is required when there is adoubt of a test result, or when th
21、e apparatus has not been usedfor three months or more. It is not necessary to verify apparatusperformance prior to each test.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended for use in the laboratory orfield in evaluating aviation turbine fuel cleanliness.5.2 A change in filtration performanc
22、e after storage, pre-treatment, or commingling can be indicative of changes in fuelcondition.5.3 Relative filterability of fuels may vary, depending onfilter porosity and structure, and may not always correlate withresults from this test method.5.4 Causes of poor filterability in industrial/refinery
23、 filtersinclude fuel degradation products, contaminants picked upduring storage or transfer, incompatibility of commingledfuels, or interaction of the fuel with the filter media. Any ofthese could correlate with orifice or filter system plugging, orboth.6. Apparatus6.1 Micro-Filter Analyzer5The appa
24、ratus is shown as adiagram in Fig. 1 and photographically in Fig. 2. It is capableof measuring pressure upstream of the filtering element and thevolume of sample passed through the filter at a preset pressurelevel. The apparatus is comprised of the following parts:6.1.1 Peristaltic Pump, variable sp
25、eed/flow rate, with feed-back speed control, adjusted to provide fuel delivery at aconstant rate of 20 6 1 mL/min, and incorporating a pulsedampening mechanism to produce a smooth flow.6.1.2 Pressure Transducer, capable of measuring gage pres-sure in the range from 0 to 104 kPa, in 1.0 kPa increment
26、s (0to 15 psi, in 0.1 psi increments).6.1.3 Three Digital Displays, one for pressure readoutcapable of interfacing with transducer (see 6.1.2) with display5The sole source of supply of the apparatus (Model 1143 Micro-Filter Analyzer)known to the committee at this time is available from EMCEE Electro
27、nics, Inc., 520Cypress Ave., Venice, FL 34285. If you are aware of alternate suppliers, pleaseprovide this information to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1whichyou may attend.NOTEFuel flow from reservoir through p
28、ump to container.FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of Filterability ApparatusD6824072range from 0 to 104 kPa in 1.0 kPa increments (0 to 15 psi in0.1 psi increments), one for volume readout with display rangefrom 0 to 300 mL in 1 mL increments, and one for filterabilityquality factor (F-QF).NOTE 2The micro-f
29、ilter analyzer can display the pressure in eitherkPa or psi units by changing an internal jumper wire.6.1.4 Speed Controller, manual speed adjustment of theperistaltic pump to increase/decrease amount of sample deliv-ered for a given period of time.6.1.5 Fuel Reservoir Container, polytetrafluoroethy
30、lene(PTFE), funnel shaped, 500-mL capacity.6.1.6 Collection Container, glass or plastic Erlenmeyerflask, 500-mL capacity.6.1.7 Tygon Tubing,6fuel compatible, 3.1-mm (0.12-in.)inner diameter.6.1.8 Plastic In-Line Splice Coupler, fuel compatible, ca-pable of being inserted into, and making a seal in T
31、ygon tubing(see 6.1.7).6.1.9 Plastic Tee Coupler, fuel compatible, capable of beinginserted into, and making a seal in Tygon tubing (see 6.1.7).6.1.10 Plastic Luer-Loc Coupler, fuel compatible, one endcapable of being inserted into, and making a seal in Tygontubing (see 6.1.7) and the other end into
32、 the filter unit (see 6.2).6.2 FCell7Filter Unit, disposable, precalibrated assemblyconsisting of a shell and plug containing a 25-mm diameternylon membrane filter of nominal 0.65-m pore size, nominal60 % porosity, with a 158.9-mm2effective filtering area. Unitis labeled in green background with bla
33、ck lettering:D 6824, FCell, JET (0.65)6.3 Accessories for Apparatus Verification Test:6.3.1 Measuring Cylinder, 500-mL capacity, with 1-mLgraduations.6.3.2 Pressure Gage, 350-kPa (50-psi) capability, gradua-tions 0.5 kPa (0.1 psi).6.3.3 Thermometer, general purpose type, having a range of0 to 60C (s
34、ee Specification E1). Temperature measuringdevices that cover the temperature range of interest, such as anASTM 1C thermometer, or liquid-in-glass thermometers, ther-mocouples, or platinum resistance thermometers that provideequivalent or better accuracy and precision than ASTM 1Cthermometers may be
35、 used.7. Sampling7.1 The fuel sample from which an aliquot is being drawnfor the purposes of this test method shall be representative ofthe lot of fuel. Obtain the sample in accordance with theprocedures of Practices D 4057 or D 4177, and report (see10.1) how and from where it was obtained. The maxi
36、mumsample size is dictated by the quantity that can be mixedthoroughly (see 9.2). If any undissolved water is visuallyapparent (as determined by Test Methods D 4176 or D 4860,orboth), discard and replace with a fresh sample.7.2 After thoroughly mixing, if the original sample con-tainer is too large
37、to easily handle, use an epoxy lined can ordark glass bottle as a transfer container to store an aliquot ofthe test sample. Prior to drawing the aliquot, rinse the transfercontainer three times with the product to be tested. Draw arepresentative 1 to 2-L aliquot from the sample container intoa trans
38、fer container. (WarningBecause the situations underwhich samples are taken vary from laboratory to laboratory andfrom situation to situation, no firm recommendation for sam-pling can be given. It is the responsibility of the user of this testmethod to ensure the aliquot used in the test is represent
39、ativeof the lot of fuel.)8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Locate the apparatus on a level surface in an area wherethe temperature is between 15 and 25C (59 and 77F).8.2 Open the case, and assemble the apparatus as shown inFig. 2. If the Tygon tubing (see 6.1.7) is not attached, as shown,carry out 8.2.
40、1 to 8.2.2.6Tygon tubing was used in the round robin test program to generate the precisionand bias. Tygon is available from most laboratory supply houses. This is not anendorsement of Tygon.7A registered trademark of EMCEE Electronics, Inc., 520 Cypress Ave., Venice,FL 34285.FIG. 2 Micro-Filter Ana
41、lyzerD68240738.2.1 Attach one end of the Tygon tubing to the fuelreservoir container (6.1.5) and insert the plastic in-line splicecoupler (6.1.8) into the other end.8.2.2 Insert the plastic in-line coupler into another piece ofTygon tubing, thread the tubing in the peristaltic pump (see6.1.1), as sh
42、own in Fig. 3, and clamp it in place by moving thelever arm counterclockwise.NOTE 3The splice fitting prevents the tubing from being pulled intothe pump during operation. This also allows easy replacement of theportion of the tubing that is depressed by the pump rollers. To extend thelife of the Tyg
43、on tubing, when not in use, leave the clamp open or removethe tubing from the pump.8.2.3 Insert one end of the horizontal section of the plastictee coupler (6.1.9) into the tubing that is clamped in the pump,and attach two other sections of tubing to the other parts of thetee.8.2.4 Connect the tubin
44、g that is connected to the perpen-dicular part of the tee to the pressure transducer. Insert the hosebarbered portion of the Luer-Loc coupler (6.1.10) into the othersection of tubing that is connected to the in-line part of the tee.8.3 Attach the power pack to the connector on the top of thecase, an
45、d connect the power pack to an ac power source. Turnthe instrument on by depressing the ON switch, causing boththe POWER and MODE A lights to illuminate.8.4 Have a labeled FCell filter (see 6.2) ready for use.8.5 Verification of ApparatusAs required in accordancewith 4.3, verify apparatus performanc
46、e by checking that theflow rate and the pressure transducer are within tolerance.8.5.1 Check the flow rate by performing a purge cycle toeliminate any air from the system. Subsequently, perform a testusing a fuel sample without a filter, collecting the sample in agraduate (see 6.3.1). Compare the vo
47、lume collected withamount displayed. The amount displayed shall be approxi-mately 300 mL, and the amount collected shall be 285 to 315mL. Adjust the pump speed control (6.1.4), as required.8.5.1.1 If the proper flow rate cannot be attained by adjust-ing the pump speed control, perform the following
48、operation:(1) Release the tubing in the peristaltic pump,(2) Using both hands, grasp each end of the tubing that isengaged by the pump rollers,(3) Hold and alternately pull on each end to stretch thetubing,(4) Clamp the tubing in place, and(5) Repeat 8.5.1.8.5.2 Check the pressure by inserting a pre
49、ssure gage (see6.3.2) at the end of the Tygon tubing where the filter would beinstalled. Perform a test using air only, and compare thereadings when approximately 104 kPa (15 psi) is displayed. Ifthe readings vary more than 67 kPa (1.0 psi), return theapparatus to the manufacturer.9. Procedure9.1 Measure the temperature (see 6.3.3) of the fuel in thetransfer container (see 7.2) and, if necessary, adjust to 15 to25C.9.2 Shake the sample or transfer container (see 7.2) vigor-ously for approximately 2 min.9.3 Rinse the fuel reservoir container (see 6.1.5)
