1、Designation: D6826 05 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Specification forSprayed Slurries, Foams and Indigenous Materials Used AsAlternative Daily Cover for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6826; the number immediately following the designation indicates t
2、he year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification defines procedures for determi
3、ningthe performance of certain landfill daily cover materialsgenerally described as an alternative daily cover (ADC). Thisspecification applies only to slurries that are sprayed, foamsthat are spray applied, or indigenous materials that are placedonto the working face of a Municipal Solid Waste Land
4、fill(MSWLF) unit as a cover. It is not applicable to other types oflandfills. It does not apply to geosynthetics used as an ADC.1.2 This standard addresses the evaluation of an ADC andits ability to control fires and odors and whether or not thecover contains materials that present a threat to human
5、 healthand the environment. The control of disease vectors andblowing litter can be evaluated by observation, and scavengingis controlled by security procedures and other operatingpractices.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It i
6、s theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4982 Test Methods for Flammability Potential ScreeningAnalysis of WasteD6523 Gui
7、de for Evaluation and Selection of AlternativeDaily Covers (ADCs) for Sanitary LandfillsE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterialsG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion2.2 Other Documents:3U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regulations, Re-source Conservation and Recovery
8、 Act, Subtitle D, Codeof Federal Regulations, Protection of the Environment,Title 40, Part 258, Subpart CB Operating Criteria, Section258.21 Cover Material Requirements, pp. 393-94, revisedas of July 1, 1995EPA Method 1311 Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Proce-dureEPA Method 1312 Synthetic Precipit
9、ation Leaching Proce-dureEPA Publication SW-846EPA Method 8260EPA Method 82703. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of some terms used in thisspecification, refer to Terminology G40.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 daily cover, n6 in. (152.4 mm) of earthen materialthat
10、is spread and compacted on the top and side slopes ofcompacted solid waste, at least at the end of each operatingday, which satisfies the U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency,Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Subtitle D.3.2.1.1 alternative daily cover material, na substance ormaterial other tha
11、n 6 inches (152.4 mm) of earthen material,used for daily cover, which satisfies the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,Subtitle D, performance standards for an ADC (see GuideD6523).3.2.2 foam, na synthetic material sprayed and combinedwith air to form closed
12、cell air pockets (see Guide D6523).1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Perme-ability and Filtration.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published January 2010. Originallyapproved in 2002. La
13、st previous edition approved in 2005 as D682605. DOI:10.1520/D6826-05R09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe A
14、STM website.3Available from the Superintendent of Documents, US Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.3 indigenous, adjnative to a particular region (seeGuide D6523).3.2.4
15、 leachate, ncontaminated water resulting from thecombination of waste with precipitation (see Guide D6523).3.2.5 municipal solid waste landfill (MSWLF) unit, naregulated disposal site for the deposition of commercial andhousehold waste.3.2.6 working face, nthe area of a landfill in which wasteis act
16、ively being deposited (see Guide D6523).4. Significance and Use4.1 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency promul-gated regulations under the Resource Conservation and Recov-ery Act, Subtitle D, which establish criteria for municipal solidwaste landfills (MSWLF). These regulations became effectiveO
17、ctober 9, 1991. The cover material requirements of theseregulations are set forth in 40 Code of Federal Regulations,Section 258.21 as follows:(a) “Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, theowners or operators of all MSWLF units must cover disposedsolid waste with six inches of earthen
18、material at the end ofeach operating day, or at more frequent intervals if necessary,to control disease vectors, fires, odors, blowing litter, andscavenging.”(b) “Alternative materials of an alternative thickness (otherthan at least six inches of earthen material) may be approved bythe Director of t
19、he Solid Waste Regulatory Agency of anapproved State if the owner or operator demonstrates that thealternative material and thickness control disease vectors, fires,odors, blowing litter, and scavenging without presenting athreat to human health and the environment.”These federal regulations have th
20、e force of the law, and it isthe purpose of this specification to define the test proceduresnecessary to comply with these regulations.4.2 In order for a MSWLF landfill operator to obtainapproval for use of an ADC, the operator must supplyperformance data to the state Solid Waste Regulatory Agency.I
21、n general, the technique used to obtain this permissioninvolves applying to the state Solid Waste Regulatory agencyfor a sanitary MSWLF operating permit modification.NOTE 1Manufacturers will provide performance data for their prod-uct.4.3 Parties interested in the evaluation technology describedin t
22、he Standard Practice should include MSWLF operators,engineering firms, local, state, and federal Solid Waste Regu-latory Agencies, and manufacturers and vendors of ADCmaterials.5. Classification of ADCs (Other than GeosyntheticADCs)5.1 FoamsFoam ADCs are applied to the working face ofMSWLF units usi
23、ng foam generation and application equip-ment specifically designed for that particular foam. Bothhardening and non-hardening foams are currently available.5.2 Spray-On SlurriesMostADC slurries are paper-based.The paper-based slurry ADCs are applied to the working faceof MSWLF units using standard h
24、ydro seeding equipment.Certain types of slurries may require some modification of thehydro seeding equipment. The slurries are allowed to harden toform a crust or shell over the working face.5.3 Indigenous MaterialsIndigenous ADCs consist ofvarious types of locally available waste products (for exam
25、ple,sludges, ash, contaminated soils, shredded tires, shreddedgreen waste, pulverized construction and demolition debris,automobile recycling fluff, foundry sand, etc.). These indig-enousADCs are placed onto the working face of MSWLF unitsin a manner similar to soil cover. They often require physica
26、lor chemical modification for consistency and workability andare usually evaluated for the presence of potentially hazardousconstituents. Unlike commercially available ADCs, each ofthese materials can vary significantly in respect of physical andchemical characteristics and composition, depending up
27、on thesource of the indigenous material. In addition, suitability andacceptability are dependent on site-specific climatic and opera-tional conditions and regulatory requirements.6. Physical Properties6.1 GeneralThe experimental procedures and results areselected to ensure that the ADC material cont
28、rols diseasevectors, fires, odors, blowing litter, and scavenging, and thatthe ADC itself does not present a threat to human health andthe environment.6.2 Control of Fires:6.2.1 Test Method A of Test Methods D4982, shall be usedto indicate the fire-producing potential of those ADCs coveredby this st
29、andard that are sprayed as a slurry, applied as a foamor indigenous materials that are placed on disposed solid wastein a landfill. Prepare the specimens according to the manufac-turers instructions and condition at 120 F (48.9 C) to constantmass before tests. Constant mass is determined by successi
30、veweighing at two-hour intervals that do not change more than1%. Test within 15 min or place the conditioned specimen in adessicator until test is performed.The test result shall be pass orfail.6.3 Control of Odors:6.3.1 The Water Method of Test Methods E96/E96M, can beused to determine the water va
31、por permeance of a representa-tive sample of the ADC to be tested. The standard testcondition shall be that set forth in Appendix X1.1.2 ProcedureB, Water Method at 73.4F (23C).NOTE 2One sprayed-slurry ADC has a measured permeance of 1.813 10-4g/h-cm2-mmHg (Water Method of Test Methods E96/E96M) The
32、permeance of Ottawa Sand is 2.87 3 10-4g/h-cm2-mmHg when measuredin the same manner.h The lower the water vapor transmission rate, thegreater potential odor control a particularADC may provide. Test MethodsE96/E96M test results may be used to compare one ADC to another.6.3.2 The Water Method of Test
33、 Methods E96/E96M maynot be appropriate for some materials. Odor control can bedetermined by visual observation of the reduction of fly andbird population and by the reduction in scavenging in areaswhere ADC has been applied.6.4 Analysis of Daily Cover Materials to Ensure They DoNot Present a Threat
34、 to Human Health and the Environment:6.4.1 A representative sample (samples) of the ADC, as it isexpected to be used at a landfill, shall be collected andanalyzed as follows:D6826 05 (2009)26.4.1.1 The sample shall be prepared using the ToxicityCharacteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), EPAMethod 131
35、1.The resulting extract must be analyzed for the parameterscontained in 40 CFR 261.24 and with the resulting concentra-tions compared to their corresponding EPA regulatory levels.Should any of the parameter concentrations in the TCLP testexceed EPAs regulatory levels, then The ADC shall not beallowe
36、d for use in landfills.6.4.1.2 The sample must be subjected to total analysis for:(a) the eight RCRA metals, and aluminum, antimony, beryl-lium, nickel, sodium, and thallium using the appropriate testmethods for these metals contained in EPA Publication SW-846, latest edition; (b) volatile organic c
37、ompounds using EPAMethod 8260; and (c) semi-volatile organic compounds usingEPA Method 8270.6.4.2 Leaching PotentialA representative sample(samples) of the ADC, as it is expected to be used at a landfill,shall be collected and analyzed as follows:6.4.2.1 To evaluate the leaching potential of the ADC
38、, thesample shall be prepared using the Synthetic PrecipitationLeaching Procedure (SPLP), EPA Method 1312. The extractprepared with this procedure shall then be analyzed for: (a) theeight RCRA metals, and aluminum, antimony, beryllium,nickel, sodium, and thallium using the appropriate test methodsfo
39、r these metals contained in EPA Publication SW-846, latestedition; (b) volatile organic compounds using EPA Method8260; and (c) semi-volatile organic compounds using EPAMethod 8270.6.5 Control of Disease Vectors, Blowing Litter, and Scav-enging:6.5.1 The control of disease vectors and blowing litter
40、 canbe evaluated by observation.6.5.2 Scavenging is controlled by security procedures andother operating practices.7. Qualified Laboratories7.1 All tests required by this standard shall be conducted ataccredited laboratories.8. Keywords8.1 alternative daily cover; foams; landfill; slurriesASTM Inter
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42、their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand shou
43、ld be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Stan
44、dards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D6826 05 (2009)3
