1、Designation: D 6859 05Standard Test Method forPile Thickness of Finished Level Pile Yarn Floor Coverings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6859; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of pilethickness of finished level pile yarn floor covering using athickness meas
3、uring instrument having a stationary surface(platen), a circular pressure foot under specified force, andcapable of being moved vertically above the platen.1.2 This test method is applicable only to finished level loopand cut pile constructions with tuft heights less than 6 mm(0.25 in.).NOTE 1Determ
4、ination of pile thickness of finished level pile yarnfloor coverings was previously contained within Test Methods D 418. Foruser convenience, Subcommittee D13.21 subdivided Test Methods D 418into separate standards of which this test method is one.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of
5、 thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relati
6、ng to TextilesD 418 Test Methods of Testing Pile Yarn Floor CoveringConstructionD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor CoveringsD 5823 Test Method for Tuft Height of Pile Floor Cover-ingsE 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate theA
7、verage Quality of a Lot Process3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms relating to Pile Floor Coverings,D13.21, refer to Terminology D 5684. See alsoAnnex A13.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:carpet, finished, finished pile yarn floor covering, floor cover-ing, pile, pile thi
8、ckness, pile yarn floor covering, pitch. primarybacking, shorn pile, stubble, stubble height, textile floorcovering, tufted fabric.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer toTerminology D 123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The total thickness of an unsheared strip specimen ismeasured a
9、s the distance between two parallel plates exertinga specified pressure on the test specimen. The pile yarn of thestrip specimen is sheared down to a stubble. The backingthickness of the sheared strip specimen is measured as thedistance between two parallel plates exerting a different speci-fied pre
10、ssure on the sheared strip specimen. The differencebetween the two measurements is the pile thickness.5. Significance and Use5.1 The determination of pile thickness of level pile yarnfloor covering is useful in quality and cost control during themanufacture of pile yarn floor covering. The appearanc
11、e andperformance may be affected by changes in pile thickness ofpile yarn floor coverings. This test method is consideredsatisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipmentsbecause current estimates of between laboratory precision areacceptable, and this test method is commonly used in the tr
12、adefor acceptance testing.5.2 If there are differences of practical significance betweenreported test results for two laboratories (or more), compara-tive tests should be performed to determine if there is astatistical bias between them, using competent statistical assis-tance. As a minimum, use the
13、 samples for such comparativetests that are as homogenous as possible, drawn from the samelot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate resultsduring initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory. The test results from the laboratoriesinvolved should be compare
14、d using a statistical test forunpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testingseries. If a bias is found either its cause must be found andcorrected, or future test results for that material must beadjusted in consideration of the known bias.1This test method is under the jurisdiction
15、of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Yarn FloorCoverings.Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published April 2005. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 685903.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the
16、ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Un
17、ited States.6. Sampling Units and Test Specimens6.1 Sampling Units:6.1.1 Coated Floor CoveringThe basic sampling unit ofcoated floor covering is a shipping roll. The number ofshipping rolls obtained from each production roll ranges fromone to over ten.6.2 Lot SampleTake a lot sample as directed in P
18、racticeE 122 when statistical knowledge of the product variability andtest method precision is available, and a decision has beenmade on the maximum deviation that can be tolerated betweenthe estimate to be made from the sample and the result thatwould be obtained by measuring every sampling unit of
19、 the lot.Otherwise the number of sampling units in a lot sample and theuse of the test results obtained from the individual test samplesshall be in accordance with the manufacturers quality controlprogram or with the specification agreed upon between thepurchaser and supplier.6.3 Laboratory Sampling
20、 UnitA laboratory sampling unitshall consist of a full width section of floor covering cut fromone end of each roll in the lot sample and shall be at least 100mm (4 in.) longer than the specimens required for the testsbeing conducted. Do not cut a laboratory sampling unit ofcoated floor covering fro
21、m a seam end of a production roll.6.4 Test Specimens:6.4.1 A test specimen is a designated area cut from alaboratory sampling unit. For laboratory sampling units 3000mm (120 in.) wide or wider, three test specimens are requiredfor a test method, one at each edge no nearer to the edge than5 % of the
22、total floor covering width and one in the middleportion of laboratory sampling unit. For laboratory samplingunits at least 1500 mm (60 in.) wide but less than 3000 mm(120 in.), take two test specimens, one at each edge no nearerto the edge than 5 % of the total floor covering width. Forlaboratory sa
23、mpling units less than 1500 mm (120 in.) wide,take one test specimen from the middle.6.4.2 Where it is known that systematic variations in a floorcovering characteristic may occur in bands 460 mm (18 in.) ormore in width, as with a modular pattern device havingseparate controls or adjustments for ea
24、ch module, take testspecimens from the middle of each band.6.4.3 When a full-width laboratory sampling unit is notavailable, take test specimens as directed in 6.4, and state in thereport the width available and the number of test specimenstaken.7. Apparatus7.1 Shear or Clipper, capable of shearing
25、close enough tothe backing to leave a stubble of no more than 1.3 mm (0.05in.).7.2 Thickness Measuring Instrument:7.2.1 Having a stationary surface (plate) on which to placethe specimen, and a presser foot capable of being movedvertically above the plate, at least 25 mm (1 in.) from the plate.7.2.2
26、Having two interchangeable presser feet; one 25.40 60.03 mm (1.000 6 0.001 in.) diameter, the other 57.15 6 0.003mm (2.250 6 0.001 in.) in diameter.7.2.3 Having means for indicating the vertical distancebetween the presser foot and the plate to the nearest 0.03 mm(0.001 in.) and capable of developin
27、g and indicating a force upto 2.77 n (0.6 lbf) between the presser foot and the plate.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition the test sample or test specimens in thestandard atmosphere for testing textiles, that is 21 6 1C (70 62F) at 65 6 2 % relative humidity, 12 h or until the masschanges no more than 0.1
28、% in2hasdirected in PracticeD 1776.9. Procedure9.1 Total Thickness:9.1.1 Select the number and location of the test specimensas directed in Section 6. Prepare the test specimens accordingto the procedures listed in Section 8. The test specimens shallbe 250 6 3 mm (10.0 6 0.1 in.) in the lengthwise d
29、irection and320 6 3 mm (12.5 6 0.1 in.) in the widthwise direction. Thetest specimens may be prepared according to the examples inAppendix X1.9.1.2 Select a strip specimen from each of the test speci-mens. The strip specimens shall be 250 6 3 mm (10.0 6 0.1in.) in the lengthwise direction and 64 6 3
30、 mm (2.5 6 0.1 in.)in the widthwise direction and shall be conditioned as directedin Section 8.9.1.3 Attach the 57.15 mm (2.250 in.) diameter presser footloosely to the moveable stem or head of the instrument andbring the diameter presser foot into firm contact with the plate.Tighten the presser foo
31、t on the stem.9.1.4 Check the instrument zero by lowering the presser footinto contact with the plate until the indicated pressure increasesto the pressure to be used in measuring the indicated distancebetween the foot and the plate, which must read 0 6 0.03 mm(6 0.001 in.). If the reading is not wi
32、thin this range, make anadjustment appropriate to the type of instrument being used.Verify the instrument with calibrated thickness blocks.9.1.5 For each strip specimen, raise the presser foot andcenter the specimen, pile face up, on the plate under the foot.Lower the presser foot slowly (take about
33、 5 s to apply full load)onto the pile surface until a pressure of 689 6 21 Pa (0.100 60.003 psi) is exerted on the specimen. Read the distancebetween the presser foot and the plate to the nearest 0.03 mm(0.001 in.), determine the total thickness in three different areasfor each strip specimen and re
34、cord the average as the totalthickness, T.9.1.6 Shear the pile on the strip specimen down to a stubblemeasuring approximately 1.3 mm (0.05 in.).NOTE 2Both adhesive projections and a fiber layer needle punched tothe surface of the backing can interfere with shearing the pile down to astubble of 1.3 m
35、m (0.05 in.). Therefore, a seven and one half fold increasein pressure in measuring the thickness of the stubble specimen is used tolevel out minor variations in stubble height.9.2 Backing Thickness:9.2.1 Attach the 25.40 mm (1.000 in.) diameter presser footloosely to the stem and bring the presser
36、foot into firm contactwith the plate. Tighten the presser foot on the stem. Check theinstrument zero as directed in 9.1.4.9.2.2 For each stubble specimen, raise the presser foot andcenter the specimen, stubble side up, on the plate. Lower thepresser foot onto the stubble surface until a pressure of
37、5170 6D685905269 Pa (0.75 6 0.01 psi) is exerted on the stubble specimen.Read the distance between the presser foot and the plate to thenearest 0.03 mm (0.01 in.), determine the backing thickness inthree different areas for of each strip specimen and record theaverage as the backing thickness, B.10.
38、 Calculation10.1 A test result is the average of the measurements madeon a set of test specimens described in 6.4. In this method,directions are given only for obtaining a test result from onetest specimen. The value representative of the lot beingsampled will be the average of the test results from
39、 eachlaboratory sampling unit.10.2 For each strip specimen calculate the pile thicknessusing Eq 1.P 5 T 2 B (1)where:P = pile thickness, mm (in.),T = average total thickness, mm (in.), andB = average backing thickness, mm (in.).10.2.1 Calculate the average values of pile thickness andtotal thickness
40、 from average values obtained on individual stripspecimens to the nearest 0.03 mm (0.01 in.) for each laboratorysampling unit.10.3 Calculate the average values of pile thickness and totalthickness for the lot from average values obtained from alllaboratory sampling units in the lot to the nearest 0.
41、3 mm (0.01in.).11. Report11.1 State the test sample was tested as directed in TestMethod D 6859 for determining the pile thickness of level pileyarn floor covering. Describe the material or product sampledand the method of sampling used.11.2 Report the average pile thickness and when required,total
42、thickness, for each laboratory sampling unit and for thelot.12. Precision and Bias12.1 SummaryIn comparing two averages, the differencesshould not exceed the single-operator precision values shownin Tables 1 and 2 for the respective number of tests in 95 outof 100 cases when all the observations are
43、 taken by the samewell-trained operator using the same piece of equipment andspecimens randomly drawn from the sample of material.Larger differences are likely to occur under all other circum-stances.12.2 Interlaboratory Test DataAn interlaboratory test wasrun in 2000 in which randomly drawn samples
44、 of fourmaterials were tested in each of five laboratories. One operatorin each laboratory each tested two specimens of each materialusing Test Method D 6859. One of the two specimens wastested on one day and one specimen was tested on a secondday. Analysis of the data was conducted using standardst
45、atistical practice. The components of variance for Pile Thick-ness expressed as standard deviations were calculated to thevalues listed in Table 1. The material; types were:Material A: 1/10 Gauge Level LoopMaterial B: 1/10 Gauge Level LoopMaterial C: 1/10 Gauge Cut PileMaterial D: 1/10 Gauge Cut Pil
46、e Graphics12.3 PrecisionFor the components of variance reported inTable 1, two averages of observed values should be consideredsignificantly different at the 95 % probability level if thedifference equals the critical difference listed in Tables 2 and 3.There were sufficient differences related to t
47、he material typeand structure to warrant listing the components of variance andthe critical differences separately.NOTE 3The tabulated values of the critical differences should beconsidered to be a general statement, particularly with respect to between-laboratory precision. Before a meaningful stat
48、ement can be made abouttwo specific laboratories, the amount of statistical bias, if any, betweenthem must be established, with each comparison being based on recentdata obtained on specimens taken from a lot of material to the type beingevaluated so as to be as nearly homogeneous as possible and th
49、enrandomly assigned in equal numbers to each of the laboratories.12.4 BiasThe value of pile thickness can only be definedin terms of a test method. Within this limitation, Test MethodD 6859 has no known bias.13. Keywords13.1 carpet; pile height; pile thickness; pile yarn floorcovering; tuft heightTABLE 1 Components of Variance Expressed as StandardDeviationsAVarianceComponentSingle MaterialComparisons forLoop Pile CarpetSingle MaterialComparisons forCut Pile CarpetWithin Laboratory 0.002 0.005Between Laboratory 0.011 0.006AThe square roots of the components of variance are
