1、Designation: D 6989 03Standard Practices forPreparation of Solvent and Water Based Ink ResinSolutions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6989; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These practices describe laboratory procedures for pre-paring a solvent or water based ink resin solution in low boilingsolven
3、t or alkaline water using two types of lab equipment; (1)an industrial blender (Sections 3-7), and (2) a laboratory rollermill (Sections 8-12).NOTE 1ASTM Subcommittee D01.37 recommends using the indus-trial blender where possible.1.2 These practices use laboratory equipment generallyavailable in a n
4、ormal, well-equipped laboratory.1.3 These procedures are for use with ink resins intendedmainly for liquid (for example, flexographic and rotogravure)inks. The type of resins is typically, but not limited to, acrylicand styrene/acrylic copolymers, polyamides, polyesters, poly-vinylbutyral, and malea
5、ted/fumarated rosin esters.1.4 The typical low boiling solvents to be used includeethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, ethyl acetate, isopropyl ac-etate, and n-propyl acetate. For water based ink resin solutions,water is used in combination with ammonium hydroxide oramines such as dimethylethanolamine,
6、 monoethanolamine, andtriethylamine.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the us
7、er of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 cold cut, ndispersion of resin into solvent using highshear dispersion without external heating.2.1.2 compatibility, n
8、the ability of two or more differingsubstances to be mixed together without resultant kick-out orhaziness.2.1.3 dissolution, nthe point at which all resin completelydissolves in the solvent.2.1.4 incompatibility, nwhen a mixture of two or morediffering substances results in precipitation, kick-out,
9、or hazi-ness.2.1.5 solution, nresin and solvent form a clear, compat-ible, and homogeneous mixture.2.1.5.1 DiscussionIndustrial practice may use the term“solution” loosely to describe what may actually be a clear“dispersion.” For the sake of simplification, the terms solutionand dispersion have been
10、 used interchangeably in this practice.BLENDER3. Summary of Blender Practice3.1 Place required amount of resin and solvent in a blenderjar.3.2 Mix the resin-solvent mixture at high speed in a blenderuntil heat is developed by the high shear and the resin isdissolved into solution.3.3 The resulting r
11、esin solution can be used to measureparameters such as viscosity and solubility or compatibility ofa printing ink resin.4. Significance and Use of Blender Practice4.1 This practice provides a means of preparing resinsolutions by the “cold cut” method, modeling high-shearproduction dispersion techniq
12、ues.5. Apparatus5.1 Balance or Scale, weighing to 60.1 g accuracy.5.2 Blender, with one quart vessel and cover, 115 alternat-ing current volts (VAC), 60 Hz, 840 W (preferably explosionproof).1These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials and
13、Applications and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.37 on Ink Vehicles.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2003. Published December 2003.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.3 Filter Media, (such as organdy cl
14、oth).5.4 Auxiliary Equipment, (that is, aluminum foil, papertowels, lab filter stand, etc.).6. Sampling6.1 Solid resin should be flaked or crushed (typically to asize no larger than 6 mm2.6.2 The total mass of resin solids and solvent should beapproximately 800 g. The exact amount (separately) of re
15、sinsolids and solvent will vary depending on the target percentsolids to be achieved.7. Procedure7.1 Weigh (separately) solid resin and desired solvent blend(which may consist of a mixture of organic solvents or acombination of water and ammonia/amine) to the nearest 0.1 gto meet concentration requi
16、rements. Add the solvent blend tothe blender vessel.7.2 Place the blender vessel on blender and start mixingaction on low speed.7.3 Add solid resin slowly into blender vessel and increasemixing speed, as mixture viscosity thickens, until all resin isadded. Place cover on blender vessel.7.4 Insulate
17、blender vessel with paper towels wrapped inaluminum foil (optional).7.5 Continue mixing for 15 min after all resin is added.7.5.1 If not all resin is dissolved or if the mixture is notclear, continue mixing until dissolution has occurred.7.5.2 If the mixture does not become clear, the mixture isinco
18、mpatible.7.6 After all resin has dissolved, remove the vessel from theblender and pour the solution through organdy cloth or othersuitable filter media into a container for storage.7.7 Cover sample and save for future testing.LABORATORY ROLLER MILL8. Summary of Laboratory Roller Mill Practice8.1 Sma
19、ll samples of ink resin and solvents or alkalinewater are cut into solution by rolling a jar or other cylindricalcontainer on an automated laboratory roller mill, typicallyovernight.8.2 The resulting resin solution can be used to measureparameters such as viscosity and solubility or compatibility of
20、a printing ink resin.9. Significance and Use of Laboratory Roller MillPractice9.1 This practice provides a means of preparing resinsolutions without the use of heat or high shear, and will onlyprovide satisfactory results with resins of a suitable solubility.This practice is typically used when the
21、resin solution is notrequired for immediate use (that is, the material is weighed andplaced on the laboratory roller mill overnight for use the nextday).10. Apparatus10.1 Balance or Scale, weighing to 60.1 g accuracy.10.2 Glass Jars, 1 pint or 1 quart size, with metal lids.10.3 Laboratory Roller Mil
22、l.10.4 Filter Media, (such as organdy cloth).11. Sampling11.1 Solid resin should be flaked or crushed (typically to asize no larger than 6 mm2.11.2 The total mass of resin solids and solvent should beapproximately 400 g for a pint jar and 800 g for a quart jar. Theexact amount (separately) of resin
23、solids and solvent will varydepending on the target percent solids to be achieved.12. Procedure12.1 Weigh required mass of solvent blend (which mayconsist of a mixture of organic solvents or a combination ofwater and ammonia/amine) into jar.12.2 Weigh solid to the nearest 0.1 g to meet concentration
24、requirements into the glass jar.12.3 Place the lid on the jar and close securely to ensure atight seal.12.4 Seal the gap between the glass jar and metal lid byaffixing a strip of electrical tape at the lid/jar interface, tofurther ensure a leak-free operation.12.5 Label the jar to indicate the conte
25、nts. Preferably, the jarshould be labeled on the lid, as information recorded on theside wall of the jar may be rubbed off during the rollingprocess.12.6 Agitate the contents of the jar by shaking vigorously, inorder to wet the resin thoroughly with the solvent blend.12.7 Place the jar on the roller
26、 mill.12.8 Activate the roller mill motor.12.9 Allow the jar to rotate on the mill until all resin isvisibly dissolved (typically for 16 hours or overnight).12.10 If all ink resin is not dispersed, repeat 12.7-12.9.12.11 After all resin has dissolved, remove the glass jarfrom the roller mill and pou
27、r the solution through organdycloth or other suitable filter media into a container for storage.12.12 Cover sample and save for future testing.13. Keywords13.1 blender; cold cut; ink resin; laboratory roller mill; resinsolutionD6989032ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of a
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29、vision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. You
30、r comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copy
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