1、Designation:D7013041Designation: D7013/D7013M 11Standard Guide forNuclear Surface Moisture and Density Gauge CalibrationFacility SetupCalibration Facility Setup for Nuclear SurfaceGauges1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7013/D7013M; the number immediately following the designatio
2、n indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. 1NOTEReferences to ASTMstandards in Section 6.1
3、 were editorially updated in March 2010.1. Scope1.1This guide outlines procedures for setup of nuclear moisture density gauge in shielded, Method A, and unshielded, MethodB, configurations.1.1 This guide outlines procedures for setup of a nuclear gauge calibration facility in either a shielded bay o
4、r an unshieldedareaGuide A and Guide B, respectively.1.2 This guide does not attempt to describe the calibration techniques or methods. It is assumed that this guide will be used bypersons familiar with the operations of the gauge and in performing proper calibration, service and maintenance.1.3 Thi
5、s guide does not attempt to address maintenance or service procedures related to the gauge.1.4This guide does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of theuser of this guide to establish appropriate safety, and health practices an
6、d determine the applicability of regulatory limitationsprior to use.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. C
7、ombining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This guide does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility ofthe user of this guide to establish appropriate safety, and health practices and dete
8、rmine the applicability of regulatory limitationsprior to use.1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific courseof action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professiona
9、l judgment.Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replacethe standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be appliedwithout consideration of a projects
10、 many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document has been approvedthrough ASTM consensus process.1.61.7 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in practiceD6026.1.6.11.7.1 The method used to specify how
11、 data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to theaccuracy to which the data can be applied in the design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using thisstandard is beyond its scope.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Term
12、inology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.08 on Special and ConstructionControl Tests.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2004. Published December 2004. DOI: 10.15
13、20/D7013-04e1.Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D7013041. DOI:10.1520/D7013_D7013M-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceas
14、tm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Beca
15、useit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 B
16、arr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used inEngineering Design and ConstructionD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical DataD6938
17、 Test Method for In-Place Density and Water Content of Soil and Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)3. Terminology3.1For common definitions of terms refer to Terminology3.1 For definitions of common technical terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Spe
18、cific to This Standard:3.2.1 Unshielded Calibration bayAn open area within a calibration facility where the closest wall is a minimum of 1 meter(3 ft.) from the spot in which the gauge is being calibrated. cinder blocka hollow building block made with concrete and coalcinders.3.2.2 Shielded Calibrat
19、ion bayAn enclosed area surrounded by concrete blocks or walls to protect the gauge being calibratedfrom outside influence and background radiation from all gauges in the facility. high density concrete blockssolid concreteblocks designed for areas requiring radiation shielding.3.2.3 Shielded Storag
20、e BayAn enclosed area shielded by walls to maintain and control radiation background in the facilityand to reduce influences from stored gauges. safe positionposition of the density source during the standardization process ofthe gauge.3.2.4 shielded calibration bayan enclosed area surrounded by wal
21、ls in order to reduce background radiation to an acceptablelevel.3.2.5 shielded storage bayan enclosed area with sufficient shielding material to maintain and control radiation background inthe facility and to reduce influences from stored gauges.3.2.6 unshielded areaan open area within a calibratio
22、n facility where the closest wall is a minimum of 1 m 3 ft from thespot in which the gauge is being calibrated.4. Summary of Method4.1Nuclear moisture density gauges require proper calibration to ensure measurement repeatability between gauges. Since thesegauges contain radioactive isotopes, influen
23、ces from the surroundings and other gauges should be controlled during the calibrationprocess. This guide provides procedures to facilities involved in calibration of one or more gauges in shielded and unshieldedcalibration bays. The goal of this guide is to insure proper gauge calibration and to re
24、duce influences that would result in fieldmeasurement variability between gauges.4.1 Nuclear moisture density gauges require proper calibration. Since these gauges contain radioactive isotopes, influences fromthe surroundings and other gauges should be controlled during the calibration process. This
25、 guide provides procedures to facilitiesinvolved in calibration of one or more gauges in a shielded bay or and an unshielded area. The goal of this guide is to providea calibration and storage facility for proper gauge calibration.5. Significance and Use5.1Gauge calibration is conducted for the foll
26、owing purposes:5.1.1To ensure gauge measurement repeatability between gauges5.1.2To correct for electronic and mechanical changes over time5.1.3To adjust readings after major service to the gauge5.2To establish a proper calibration area for gauges5.3To reduce the chance of improper calibration5.1 To
27、 establish a proper calibration area for nuclear surface gauges.5.2 To reduce the chance of improper calibration.NOTE 1The quality of the results produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of theequipment and facilities used. Agencies
28、 that meet the criteria of practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objectivetesting/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with practice D3740 does not in itself assure a means of evaluating someofthose factors.6. Apparatus6.1 Calibration refere
29、nce block(s) as per the requirements of Test Method D6938 with density certification from the blockmanufacturer6.2High density concrete blocks 9cm 3 20 cm 3 41 cm (3.59 3 89 3 169) or cinder blocks 20 cm 3 20 cm 3 41 cm (89 389 3 169) filled with sand or other fine aggregate materials for constructi
30、on of bay walls6.3Lead sheet 1 to 6 mm (0.032 to 0.25 inches) thick for lining the bay walls. The exposed surfaces containing lead should bepainted or covered6.4Plywood of minimum 1.3 cm (0.59) thickness for securing lead sheets to the calibration bay walls.D7013/D7013M 1127.Method A: Shielded Calib
31、ration Bay Setup7.1Set up a shielded calibration bay if more than one gauge is going to be calibrated simultaneously, and the space betweengauges being calibrated is less than 10 meter (33 ft). If the gauge in storage bay is less than 7 meters (23 ft) from the area wherethe calibration is going to t
32、ake place, or if the area where gauges are routinely serviced is less than 10 meters (33 ft) from thecalibration area. Refer to the with density certification from a qualified calibration facility.6.2 High density concrete blocks 9 cm high 3 20 cm wide 3 41 cm long 3.5 in. 3 8 in. 3 16 in. or cinder
33、 blocks 20 cmhigh 3 20 cm wide 3 41 cm long 8 in. 3 8 in. 3 16 in. filled with sand or other fine aggregate materials for construction ofbay walls.6.3 Lead sheet 1 to 6 mm 0.032 to 0.25 in. thick for lining the bay walls. The exposed surfaces containing lead should bepainted or covered.6.4 Miscellan
34、eous hardware for securing lead sheets to the calibration bay walls.7. Shielded Storage Bay Setup7.1 Set up a shielded storage bay if more than five gauges are routinely stored at a distance of 10 m 33 ft or less from the areawhere gauge calibration is to take place. If five or less gauges are routi
35、nely stored in the storage area, concrete walls are notnecessary. However, gauges should be stored in their shipping cases or likewise secured while other gauges are being calibrated.Refer to Appendix X1 for examples of shielded storage bay configurations.7.1.1 The storage bay should not be set up d
36、irectly under or over the area where gauges are to be calibrated.7.1.2 Stagger the blocks during wall construction to reduce gaps between blocks and to improve wall integrity.7.1.3 If more than five gauges are routinely stored in the storage bay, build a wall made from high density concrete or cinde
37、rblocks filled with sand or fine aggregate material.7.1.4 The wall thickness for the storage bay should be a minimum of 410 mm 16 in. The wall should completely surroundthe area where the gauges are planned to be stored. If gauges are stored on shelves that are elevated from the floor, the height of
38、the wall should be a minimum of 0.5 m 20 in above the height of the shelves on which gauges are stored.NOTE 2Additional requirements might be necessary in order to meet state and federal licensing regulations. These requirements might include,lockable doors to limit access and appropriate caution si
39、gns. Users should check their materials license requirements and check with their regulatoryagency when building storage bays for nuclear gauges.8. Guide A: Shielded Calibration Bay Setup8.1 Set up a shielded calibration bay if two or more gauges are going to be calibrated simultaneously, and the sp
40、ace betweengauges being calibrated is less than 10 m 33 ft. If the gauge in storage bay is less than 10 m 33 ft from the area where thecalibration is going to take place, or if the area where gauges are routinely serviced is less than 10 meters 33 ft from thecalibration area. Refer to Appendix X1 fo
41、r examples of shielded calibration bay configurations.NOTE2Use Method B, 3Use Guide B if section 7.18.1 does not fit apply to your calibration facility requirements. facility.78.1.1 Determine the number of bays required for calibration of nuclear gauges. This can be based on the number of gaugescali
42、brated per year and can vary from one to several bays.7.1.2The8.1.2 The bay inside dimensions should be established based on the bay walls being a minimum of 610 mm (24inches)24 in. from the center of calibration blocks and lined with 1 mm (0.032 inches)0.032 in. of lead. Smaller insidedimensions ca
43、n be used if lead sheets thicker than 6 mm (0.25 inch)0.25 in. are used on the walls. However, under nocircumstances should the walls be less than 610 mm (24 inches)24 in. from center of the gauge. calibration block.NOTE3Depending on their design, some gauges may be less susceptible to wall effect.
44、Lead sheets may not be required, if it is determined that thecounts inside and outside the bay are equal and that the gauge is not affected by the walls surrounding the calibration bay.7.1.3The calibration bay wall thickness should be a minimum of 410 mm (16 inches) thick. The walls should be constr
45、uctedusing high-density concrete blocks or cinder blocks filled with sand or fine aggregate material. Stagger the blocks during wallconstruction to block gaps and to improve wall integrity.7.1.4The wall height should be 1.0 to 1.3 meters (40 to 50 inches)7.1.5Design and construct the bay such that t
46、he opening of the bay is not in direct line with the storage bay or the area wherethe gauges are serviced7.1.6Center the calibration reference block(s) in the bay7.1.7Once the bays are complete and the calibration blocks are setup, follow the procedures in section 9 and make adjustments,if necessary
47、.7.2Configuration of a Shielded Bay7.2.1Wall Influence Verification for Shielded Calibration Bay(s) 4Lead sheets may not be required, if it is determined that thewall influence (counts inside and outside the bay (See 8.2.1) is within an acceptable limit.8.1.3 The calibration bay wall thickness shoul
48、d be a minimum of 410 mm 16 in. thick. The walls should be constructed usinghigh-density concrete blocks or cinder blocks filled with sand or fine aggregate material. Stagger the blocks during wallconstruction to reduce gaps between blocks and to improve wall integrity.D7013/D7013M 1138.1.4 The wall
49、 height should be at a minimum from 1.0 to 1.3 m 40 to 50 in.8.1.5 Design and construct the bay such that the opening of the bay is not in direct line with the opening of the storage bay orthe area where the gauges are serviced.8.1.6 Center the calibration reference block(s) in the bay.8.2 Wall Influence VerificationThe response to the surrounding walls can vary significantly for different gauge geometries. Foraccurate calibration, influence from the walls should be eliminated.7.2.1.1Place a gauge on a calibration reference b
