1、Designation: D7038 18Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Moisture Corrosion Resistance of AutomotiveGear Lubricants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7038; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONPortions of this test method are written for use by laboratories that make use of ASTM TestMonitoring Center (TM
3、C) services (see Annex A1 Annex A4).The TMC provides reference oils, and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desireto produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previouslycalibrated by the TMC.In general, the Test Purchaser decides if
4、a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such asthe American Chemistry Council require that a laboratory use the TMC services as part of their testregistration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute and the Gear Lubricant ReviewCommittee of the Lubricant Review Institute
5、(SAE International) require that a laboratory use theTMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (andhence the Test Purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was operatin
6、g at the proper level of testseverity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non calibrated test stand may notbe the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.Laboratories that choose not to use the TMC services may simply disregard th
7、ese portions.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a test procedure for evaluatingthe rust and corrosion inhibiting properties of a gear lubricantwhile subjected to water contamination and elevated tempera-ture in a bench-mounted hypoid differential housing assembly.2This test method is commonly refe
8、rred to as the L-33-1 test.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.2.1 Exceptions(1) where there is no direct SI equivalent
9、such as screw threads and national pipe threads/diameters, and(2) the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standardfor the definitions in 12.2, and for SI units where there are nodirect inch-pounds equivalent units.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, i
10、f any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with interna
11、tionally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D235 Sp
12、ecification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
13、and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved April 1, 2018. Published April 2018. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D7038 17. DOI:10.1520/D7038-18.2Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Te
14、st Monitoring Center(TMC) will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters.This edition includes all Information Letters through 17-1. Information Letters maybe obtained from the ASTM TMC, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489,Attention: Administrator. The TMC is also the
15、source of reference oils.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appear
16、s at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principle
17、s for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.12.2 ASTM Standard:2.3 Society of Automotive Engineers Standards:4J308 Information Report on Axle and Manual TransmissionLubricantsJ2360 Lubr
18、icating Oil, Gear Multipurpose (Metric) MilitaryUse2.4 U.S. Military Specifications:5MIL-PRF-2105E Lubricating Oil, Gear, General Multipur-poseMIL-P-3420F NOX-RUST Paper3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 corrosion, nan alteration of a finished metal surfaceby disc
19、oloration, accompanied by roughening not attributableto mechanical action.3.1.2 downtime, nan interruption of power to the test unitfor a period greater than ten seconds.3.1.3 rust, na special case of corrosion, which alwaysdeteriorates or alters the original surface condition.3.1.3.1 DiscussionRust
20、 always has color (usually, but notlimited to red, yellow, brown, black) and one of the followingdescriptive characteristics: (1) depth; the rusted surface is builtup relative to that of adjacent areas. (2) texture; the surfacemay appear to be etched, scaly or otherwise visibly differentthan adjacen
21、t areas.3.1.4 stain, na surface modification that is attributable todiscoloration only.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This procedure uses a new hypoid differential assemblyas the primary test unit. The differential assembly is installedon a motoring rig and charged with test lubricant and a smallamoun
22、t of water. The test unit is then sealed and driven untilthe lubricant temperature has increased to 180 F (82.2 C).The motoring phase is continued for 4 h and the test unit is thenremoved from the motoring rig and placed in a storage box for162 h with the lubricant temperature controlled at 125 F(51
23、.7 C). The test is completed at that time and the differentialassembly is drained, disassembled, and inspected for rust,stain, and other deposits.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test simulates a type of severe field service inwhich corrosion-promoting moisture in the form of condensedwater vapor acc
24、umulates in the axle assembly. This mayhappen as a result of volume expansion and contraction of theaxle lubricant and the accompanied breathing in of moisture-laden air through the axle vent. The test screens lubricants fortheir ability to prevent the expected corrosion.5.2 The L-33-1 test procedur
25、e is used or referred to in thefollowing documents: ASTM Publication STP-512A,6SAEJ308, SAE J2360, and U.S. Military Specification MIL-PRF-2105E.6. Apparatus6.1 Laboratory Ambient Conditions:6.1.1 Test Operating AreaThe ambient laboratory atmo-sphere shall be free of dirt, dust, and other contaminan
26、ts asrequired by good laboratory standards.6.1.2 Parts Cleaning and Abrasive Blasting (6.2.8) AreasProvide adequate ventilation in areas where solvents (7.2) areused. (WarningCombustible, vapor harmful.)6.1.3 Build-up AreaIt is recommended that the atmo-sphere in the test unit build-up area be filte
27、red and maintainedat uniform temperature and low humidity to prevent accumu-lation of dirt or rust on test parts. Otherwise it shall conform torequirements of 6.1.1.6.1.4 Parts Rating AreaConduct the rating of all test partsunder conditions as defined in ASTM Distress Rating Manual21.76.2 Test UnitT
28、his procedure uses a hypoid differentialassembly (without axle tubes) made by American Axle Mfg.The model designation is K2XX, Part No. P40128429A, 3:42ratio, standard 218.4 mm (8.6 in.). This is an open differentialwith uncoated ring and pinion.8,9Until June 23, 2017, a DanaModel 30 V01.1 may also
29、be used.6.2.1 Mount the differential housing assembly on the mo-toring rig so that the housing cover attaching face is in thevertical plane and at a height that allows the temperaturesensing probe to be located in the bottom of the housing.Elements of the motoring rig design are shown in Figs.A5.1-A
30、5.4.6.2.2 Drive SystemThe drive system design is not pre-cisely specified; however, the following equipment or itsequivalent have been found to be suitable to turn the drivepinion at the specified 2500 rmin 6 25 rmin. (WarningRotating test stand equipment presents a physical hazard, usesafety guards
31、.)6.2.2.1 Electric Motor, approximately 2.0 hp (1.5 kW),enclosed, 3600 rmin, 0.87 in. (22.2 mm) diameter shaft.6.2.2.2 Slide Motor Base, Dyn-Adjust No. 20-C.6.2.2.3 Dodge Taper Lock Pulleys, No. 40L100 (Driven)and No. 28L100 (Drive).6.2.2.4 Dodge Timing Belt, No. 480L100.6.2.2.5 Additional component
32、s such as shafts, couplings,and bearing blocks are also necessary to connect the abovecomponents to drive the carrier pinion, but are left to the optionof the testing laboratory.4Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096, http:/www.sae.org.5Available from the
33、Defense Printing Service Office, 700 Robbins Ave., Bldg.4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.6ASTM Publication STP-512A, Laboratory Performance Tests for AutomotiveGear Lubricants Intended for API GL-5 Service, ASTM International, WestConshohocken, PA.7For stock #TMCMNL21, visit the ASTM website, www.ast
34、m.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.8The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeisAmericanAxle Manufacturing, 2965 Technology Dr., Rochester Hills, MI 48309.9If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM Int
35、ernational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.D7038 1826.2.3 Vapor Pressure Control SystemControl the internalvapor pressure of the unit during the warm-up portion of themotoring phase with a speci
36、fied water column pressure reliefsystem set for 1.0 psi 6 0.1 psi (7 kPa 6 0.7 kPa) connected tothe housing cover with an appropriately sized National PipeThreads (NPT) stainless steel 90 street ell and a stainless steelfull port valve. The system shall contain an oil trap and returnvessel to return
37、 test oil to the unit in case of foaming, and awater trap and return vessel to prevent column water frommoving back to test unit. The example set up in Fig. A5.1 hasbeen shown to be acceptable.6.2.4 Housing Cover GasketReplace the factory-suppliedgasket with a single TFE fluorocarbon gasket for ever
38、y test.10,96.2.5 Housing Axle Tube Opening SealsSince the differ-ential is tested without axle shafts or axle tubes, seal thehousing openings. Use a stainless steel plumbing test plug fora 2.9 in. to 3.1 in. pipe diameter. McMasterCarr p/n2908K2811,9with the outer washer and seal ring cut to 74 mmto
39、 79 mm (2.9 in. to 3.1 in.) has been found acceptable. Installa pair of seals in the axle housing openings before installingcarrier/case into the axle housing. When using Dana Model 30hardware rather than the AAM K2XX hardware see Fig. A5.2for an example of construction dimensions for fabricating ap
40、air of suitable seals.6.2.6 Temperature Control System, Motoring PhaseDuring the motoring phase, the bulk oil temperature is sensedby a resistance temperature device (RTD) or thermocouple (Jor K type). The controller switches on a pair of 250 W lampsor cooling fan, or both, that are directed toward
41、the differentialas needed to control bulk oil temperature at 180 F 6 1F(82 C 6 6 C). A household-type electric fan having 12.0 in.(310 mm) diameter blades has been shown to provide accept-able cooling capability. Fig. A5.3 shows an example of thelocation of the heat lamp pair and the cooling fan. Fi
42、g. A5.4shows the location of the temperature sensor in the differentialhousing.6.2.7 Storage Box and Temperature Control System, StoragePhaseDuring the storage phase of the test, a double-walledaluminum or stainless steel box covers the differential housingassembly. An RTD or thermocouple (J or K ty
43、pe) in conjunc-tion with the controller regulates heat input from four stripheaters giving a total output of 1700 Btuh (500 W). A smallelectric motor turns a fabricated impeller at 1700 rmin 6100 rmin to provide air circulation within the box. Dayton partnumber 3M562 available from Grainger has been
44、 foundsuitable for this purpose.12,9Control the bulk oil temperature at125 F 6 1 F (52 C 6 6 C). Fig. A5.5 shows details of theimpeller. Fig. A5.6 shows construction and electrical details ofthis box.NOTE 1Insulation on the outside surface of the box only may benecessary to maintain test temperature
45、 specifications.6.2.8 Abrasive BlastingBlast the entire differential case,ring, pinion, side gears, differential pinion gears (spider gears),all four thrust washers and the inside surface of the differentialhousing cover plate with 80 grit aluminum oxide so as toremove pre-existing corrosion and pro
46、duce a uniform surface.Do not abrasive blast the bearings, bearing cups and differen-tial shaft (cross shaft pin). (WarningProvide adequatesafety equipment for abrasive blasting operations.)6.2.9 The following specifies the abrasive blasting equip-ment and material:6.2.9.1 Abrasive Blasting CabinetG
47、rainger Econo-Line36 in. by 24 in., Grainger Item No. 3Z850.12,9(1) Use solely for cleaning L-33-1 test units.(2) Measure air pressure for the blasting gun at the regu-lator just prior to entering the cabinet enclosure. Set theregulator to maintain 80 psig 6 2 psig (552 kPa 6 14 kPa)while flowing ab
48、rasive material.6.2.9.2 Dust CollectorGrainger Econo-Line 1000 ft3/min,Grainger Item No. 3JR93.12,96.2.9.3 Blasting Gun Setup:(1) Grainger Econo-Line 12 ft3/min Gun Assembly,Grainger Item No. 3JT01.12,9(2) Grainger Econo-Line tungsten carbide NozzleTip14 in.I.D. Grainger Item No. 3JT08.12,9Take care
49、 to install thisnozzle with the smaller opening facing out. The nozzles shapemakes it possible for it to be installed incorrectly. Change thenozzle after fifteen L-33-1 units are blasted.(3) Grainger Econo-Line Air Jet 12 ft3/min, Grainger ItemNo. 3JT04.12,96.2.9.4 Abrasive Blasting MaterialAlodur Fused BrownAluminum Oxide,13,980 gritANSI Table 3 Grade.14,9Change the entire cabinet supply of abrasive blasting materialafter 15 L-33-1 units are blasted. (WarningAbrasive blast-ing presents a physical hazard; consult and follow equipm
