1、Designation: D7044 15Standard Specification forBiodegradable Fire Resistant Hydraulic Fluids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7044; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers performance classifications forbiodegradable fire-resistant hydraulic fluids that are used in theindustrial/mo
3、bile and mining industries.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this
4、 standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products andBituminous Materials by DistillationD664 Test Method for Acid Number
5、of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-ing OilsD943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of InhibitedMineral OilsD974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Densit
6、y, or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD1401 Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oilsand Synthetic FluidsD2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Vis-cosity SystemD2532 Test Method for Viscosity and Viscosity ChangeAfter Stand
7、ing at Low Temperature of Aircraft TurbineLubricantsD2783 Test Method for Measurement of Extreme-PressureProperties of Lubricating Fluids (Four-Ball Method)D2882 Test Method for Indicating Wear Characteristics ofPetroleum and Non-Petroleum Hydraulic Fluids in Con-stant Volume Vane Pump (Withdrawn 20
8、03)3D3427 Test Method for Air Release Properties of PetroleumOilsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD5182 Test Method for Evaluating the Scuffing Load Ca-pacity of Oils (FZG Visual Method)D6046 Classification of Hydraulic Fluids for Env
9、ironmentalImpactD6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Cou-lometric Karl Fischer TitrationD6546 Test Methods for and Suggested Limits for Deter-mining Compatibility of Elastomer Seals for IndustrialHydraulic Fluid ApplicationsE70 Test
10、Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With theGlass Electrode2.2 DIN Standards:4DIN 51348 Testing of Fire Resistant Governor Fluids; De-termination of Hydrolytic StabilityDIN 51354-2 Testing of Lubricants; FZG Gear Test Rig Part 1: Method A/8,3/90 for Lubricating OilsDIN 51373 Testing of Fire Resistant
11、 Heat Transfer Fluids;Determination of Resistance to Oxidation Including anAssessment of the Catalyst PlatesDIN 51389-2 Determination of Lubricants; MechanicalTesting of Hydraulic Fluids in the Vane-cell-pump;Method A for Anhydrous Hydraulic FluidsDIN 51777-2 Testing of Mineral Oil Hydrocarbons andS
12、olvents; Determination of Water Content according toKarl Fischer; Indirect Method1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.N0.06 on Fire Resistant Fluids.Current edition a
13、pproved June 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D7044 04a (2010).DOI:10.1520/D7044-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStan
14、dards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V.(DIN), Am DIN-Platz,Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787 Berlin, Germany, http:/www.di
15、n.de.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.3 ISO Standards:5ISO 2049 Petroleum ProductsDetermination of Color(ASTM Scale)ISO 2160 Petroleum ProductsCorrosive
16、ness to CopperCopper Strip TestISO 2592 Determination of Flash and Fire PointsCleveland Open Cup MethodISO 3104 Petroleum ProductsTransparent and OpaqueLiquidsDetermination of Kinematic Viscosity and Cal-culation of Dynamic ViscosityISO 3105 Glass Capillary Kinematic ViscometersSpecifications and Op
17、erating InstructionsISO 3448 Industrial Liquid LubricantsISO Viscosity Clas-sificationISO 3675 Crude Petroleum and Liquid PetroleumProductsLaboratory Determination of DensityHydrometer MethodISO 3733 Petroleum Products and Bituminous MaterialsDetermination of WaterDistillation MethodISO 4263-1 Petro
18、leum and Related ProductsDetermination of theAging Behavior of Inhibited Oils andFluidsTOST TestPart 1: Procedure for Mineral OilsISO 4404-1 Petroleum and Related ProductsDetermination of the Corrosion Resistance of Fire-Resistant FluidsPart 1: Water-Containing FluidsISO 4406 Hydraulic Fluid PowerFl
19、uidsMethod forCoding the Level of Contamination by Solid ParticlesISO 5884 AerospaceFluid Systems and ComponentsMethods for System Sampling and Measuring the SolidParticle Contamination of Hydraulic FluidsISO 6072 Compatibility between Fluids and Standard Elas-tomeric MaterialsISO 6245 Petroleum Pro
20、ductsDetermination of AshISO 6247 Petroleum ProductsDetermination of FoamingCharacteristics of Lubricating OilsISO 6296 Petroleum ProductsDetermination of WaterPotentiometric Karl Fischer Titration MethodISO 6618 Petroleum Products and LubricantsDetermination of Acid or Base NumberColor IndicatorTit
21、ration MethodISO 6619 Petroleum Products and LubricantsNeutralization NumberPotentiometric Titration MethodISO 6743-4 Lubricants, Industrial Oils and Related Products(class L)ClassificationPart 4: Family H (HydraulicSystems)ISO 7120 Petroleum Products and LubricantsPetroleumOils and Other FluidsDete
22、rmination of Rust PreventingCharacteristics in the Presence of WaterISO 7745 Hydraulic Fluid PowerFire-resistant (FR)FluidsGuidelines for UseISO 9120 Petroleum and Related ProductsDeterminationof Air Release Properties of Steam Turbine and OtherOilsImpinger MethodISO 12185 Crude Petroleum and Petrol
23、eum ProductsDetermination of DensityOscillating U-Tube MethodISO 12922 Lubricants, Industrial Oils and Related Products(class L)Family H (Hydraulic Systems)Specificationsfor Categories HFAE, HFAS, HFB, HFC, HFDR, andHFDUISO 12937 Petroleum ProductsDetermination of WaterCoulometric Karl Fischer Titra
24、tion MethodISO 14935 Petroleum and Related ProductsDeterminationof Wick Flame Persistence of Fire Resistant FluidsISO 15029-1 Petroleum and Related ProductsDetermination of Spray Ignition Characteristics of FireResistant FluidsPart 1: Spray Flame PersistenceHollow-Cone Nozzle MethodISO 15380 Lubrica
25、nts, Industrial Oils and Related Products(Class L)Family H (Hydraulic Systems)Specifications for Categories HETG, HEPG, HEES, andHEPR2.4 Lux Standards:6Lux 3.1.3 Stabilized Flame Heat ReleaseSpray TestLux 5.2.3 Determination of the Emulsion Stability of HFBFluids at Medium TemperatureLux 5.2.4 Deter
26、mination of the Emulsion Stability of HF-BLT Fluids at Low TemperatureLux 5.3.1 Determination of Aging Properties of HFC FluidsLux 5.8 Determination of the Shear Stability of HydraulicFluidsLux 5.9.1 Determination of the Corrosion Inhibiting Proper-ties of HFA, HFC, and HFD Fluids2.5 Other Standards
27、:CETOP RP 65H Manifold Ignition Test7CETOP RP 67H Antiwear Vane Pump Test for HydraulicFluids7IP 2818FM 6930 Flammability Classification of Industrial Fluids930 CFR Part 35 Fire Resistant Hydraulic Fluids103. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 bioaccumulation, nthe net accumulation of a sub-stance by
28、an organism as a result of uptake from all environ-mental sources.3.1.2 biodegradable, nany substance containing 10 %wt. O2content which undergoes 60 % biodegradation astheoretical CO2in 28 days and 67 % biodegradation astheoretical O2uptake in 28 days, or any hydraulic fluidcontaining 10 % wt. O2co
29、ntent which undergoes 60 %biodegradation as theoretical CO2or as theoretical O2uptakein 28 days.5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.6European Commission, Safety and Health Commission for the Mining andOther Ex
30、tractive Industries, “Requirements and Tests Applicable to Fire-ResistantHydraulic Fluids Used for Power Transmission and Control (Hydrostatic andHydrokinetic),” Seventh Edition, Doc. N4746/10/91 EN, Luxembourg, April 1994.7Available from the Comit Europen des Transmissions Olohydrauliques etPneumat
31、iques (CETOP), Lyoner Strae 18, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.8Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, W1G 7AR,U.K., http:/www.energyinst.org.9Available from FM Global, 270 Central Ave., P. O. Box 7500, Johnston, RI029194923, http:/.10Available from U.S. Government Printin
32、g Office Superintendent ofDocuments, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401,http:/www.access.gpo.gov.D7044 1523.1.3 biodegradation, nthe process of chemical break-down or transformation of a material caused by organisms ortheir enzymes.3.1.3.1 DiscussionBiodegradation is only o
33、ne mechanismby which materials are transformed in the environment.3.1.4 fire-resistant fluid, nhydraulic liquid that has greaterfire-resistance than mineral oil as determined with an acknowl-edged standard.3.1.4.1 DiscussionAcknowledged standards include FM6930, ISO 12922, and 30 CFR Part 35.3.1.5 h
34、ydraulic fluid, na liquid used in hydraulic systemsfor lubrication and transmission of power.4. Classification4.1 The following classifications of fire-resistant hydraulicfluids, except for HEPG, were taken from ISO 6743-4.4.1.1 HFAFire resistant hydraulic fluids that may befurther classified as:4.1
35、.1.1 HFAEOil-in-water emulsions containing morethan 80 % by weight water and typically in the range 95 % to99 % by weight water.4.1.1.2 HFASChemical solutions. Not containing emul-sions and typically contains more than 80 % by weight water.4.1.2 HFBWater-in-oil emulsions containing approxi-mately 60
36、 % by weight oil.4.1.3 HFCAqueous monomer and polymer polyglycolsolutions. Water content not less than 35 % by weight.4.1.4 HFDPhosphate ester or polyolester-based, water-insoluble fire-resistant fluids.4.1.5 HFDRPhosphate ester-based fluids.4.1.6 HFDUWater-free fluids based on chemical com-pounds o
37、ther than phosphate esters and chlorinated hydrocar-bons.4.1.7 HEPGAnhydrous “environmentally friendly” poly-alkylene glycol-derived hydraulic fluids that may be watersoluble or insoluble.5. Classification Requirements5.1 Type HFA Hydraulic FluidsThe requirements for thistype of fluid are presented
38、in Table 1.5.2 Type HFB Hydraulic FluidsThe requirements for thistype of fluid are presented in Table 2 and include ISO viscositygrades from 46 to 100, in accordance with ClassificationD2422 (ISO 3448).5.3 Type HFC Hydraulic FluidsThe requirements for thistype of fluid are presented in Table 2 and i
39、nclude ISO viscositygrades from 22 to 68, in accordance with Classification D2422(ISO 3448).5.4 Type HFD Hydraulic FluidsThe requirements for thistype of fluid are presented in Table 2 and include ISO viscositygrades from 15 to 100, in accordance with ClassificationD2422 (ISO 3448).5.5 Type HEPG Hyd
40、raulic FluidsThe requirements forthis type of fluid are presented in Table 3 and include ISOviscosity grades from 22 to 68, in accordance with Classifica-tion D2422 (ISO 3448).6. Inspection6.1 Inspection of the material shall be agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and the supplier.TABLE 1 Specification
41、s for Categories HFAE and HFAS Fluids According to ISO 12922Composition Type HFAE: These are oil-in-water emulsions, typically with more than 80 % water content (+5 C to + 50 C,ISO 7745)Type HFAS: These are chemical solutions in water, typically more than 80 % water content (+5 C to +50 C,ISO 7745)C
42、haracteristic or Test UnitSpecificationStandard or Test MethodFinished EmulsionCategory HFAEAFinished SolutionCategory HFASAAppearanceBCWater content, min. % (V/V) 80 80 D95, D6304Foam at: +25 C max.DmL/mL 300/10 300/10 D892+50 C max. mL/mL 300/10 300/10+25 C max. mL/mL 300/10 300/10pH at 20 C 6.7 t
43、o 11.0 6.7 to 11.0 E70Emulsion stability (50 C 600 h), max. Rating 2A-2RBD1401free oil % (v/V) TraceBcream, max.% (v/V) % (v/V) 0.5BCorrosion protection RatingEE(ISO 4404)Elastomer compatibility NBR1, EPDM1 and FPM1elastomer, 60 C 168 hD6546relative volume change, max. % 7 7relative hardness change:
44、 min. IRHD 7 7max. IRHD +2 +2change in tensile strength %EEelongation at breakAThese products are normally supplied as concentrates, and should be used with the correct water quantity as specified by the supplier (viscosity of concentrate to be350 mm2/s maximum at 20 C).BThe requirement is not relev
45、ant to this fluid type.CThe appearance of the delivered fluid shall be clear and bright and free of any visible particulate matter, under normal visible light at ambient temperature, using a clearcontainer of approximately 10 cm diameter.DFor fluids with a viscosity greater than 10 mm2/s at 20 C.ERe
46、port only on request.D7044 153TABLE 2 Specifications for Categories HFB, HFC and HFD Fluids According to ISO 12922CompositionType HFB: These are water-in-oil emulsions (+5 C to +50 C, ISO 7745)Type HFC: These are water polymer solutions, typically with more than 35 % water content(20 C to +50 C, ISO
47、 7745)Type HFDR: These are synthetic fluids free of water consisting of phosphate esters(20 C to +70 C 150 CA, ISO 7745)Type HFDU: These are synthetic fluids free of water but of other compositions than HFDR(20 C to +70 C 150 CA, ISO 7745)Characteristic or Test UnitSpecificationsStandard or TestMeth
48、odFinished Emulsion Cat-egory HFBBFinished Solution Cat-egory HFCBCategory HFDB(R-U classes)Viscosity grade, ISO VG 46 - 68 - 100 22 - 32 - 46 - 68 15 - 22 - 32 - 46 - 68 -100ISO 3448CAppearanceDE EWater content % (m/m)D$35 #0,1 D95, D6304% (V/V) $ 40DD(ISO 3733)Foam at: 25 C max. mL/mLD300/10 300/1
49、0 D89250 C max. mL/mLD300/10D100 C max. mL/mLDD300/1025 C max. mL/mLD300/10 300/10Air release at 25 C minFDAir release at 50 C max. minD20; 20; 25; 25 8; 10; 12; 15; 25; 30 D3427pH at 20 CD6,7,11,0DE70Emulsion stability, 1 000 h at 20 C,max:D1401change in water content at 425 mL % 5DDchange in water content at 125 mL % 5surface oil mL 10accumulated free water mL 2Emulsion stability, 48 h at 70 C, maximum (VII LUX 5.2.3)surface oil mL
