1、Designation: D7047 151Standard Test Method forSwell Volume of Plantago Insularis (Ovata, Psyllium)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7047; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision
2、. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorially corrected referencing in 11.1 in August 2015.1. Scope1.1 Quantitative test method to determine the swell volumeof plantago ins
3、ularis (Ovata, Psyllium).1.2 The purpose of this test method is to provide a means ofevaluating the swell volume, millilitres per gram, of psylliumhydrophilic mucilloid.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses are provided for informa-tion only.1
4、.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.1.4.1 For purposes of comparing, a measured or calculatedvalue(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculatedvalue(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or
5、 significantdigits in the specified limits.1.4.2 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard. In addition, they are representative of thesignificant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-dures used
6、do not consider material variation, purpose forobtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-ations for the users objectives; and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scopeof this s
7、tandard to consider significant digits used in analysismethods for engineering design.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices a
8、nd determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection
9、of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Materials TestingD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalDataE177 Practice for Use of the Terms
10、Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For common definitions of technical terms in thisstandard, refer to Terminology D653.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Psyllium substra
11、te is saturated with simulated intestinalfluid and the swell volume recorded after 24 h.5. Significance and Use5.1 The meaning of the test is related to the manufacturingand end use of the material, to determine characteristics ofproducts.5.2 The volume of swell reflects the amount of hydrophilicmuc
12、illoid present in psyllium.5.3 A manufacturer of raw psyllium will base the grade ofpsyllium produced on multiple properties of which swellvolume is one.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion
13、 andSediment Control Technology.Current edition approved June 1, 2015. Published July 2015. Originally approvedin 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D704712. DOI: 10.1520/D7047-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at se
14、rviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.4 The higher the grade of psyllium the higher the sw
15、ellvolume, thus a greater percent of mucilloid present. For theerosion control industry, the higher the swell volume of thepsyllium the greater its bonding strength and relative perfor-mance.5.5 Erosion control contractors and those writing erosioncontrol specifications will use this test method to
16、evaluate thegrade of psyllium being used as a hydraulically applied erosioncontrol product. The swell volume will help determine theapplication rate of psyllium needed to meet the erosion controlperformance criteria.6. Apparatus6.1 Electronic Balance, as defined in Guide D4753, with aminimum capacit
17、y of 100 g and minimum readability of 0.001g.6.2 Graduated 250 mL Cylinder, with stopper.6.3 1000 mL Flask.6.4 60 Minute Timer, graduated in one minute intervals.6.5 pH Meter, calibrated to manufacturers specifications.7. Reagents7.1 Reagent-grade chemicals shall be used in all tests.Unless otherwis
18、e indicated, it is intended that all reagentsconform to the specifications of the Committee on AnalyticalReagents of the American Chemical Society where suchspecifications are available.3 Other grades may be used,provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficientlyhigh purity to perm
19、it its use without lessening the accuracy ofthe determination.7.2 Unless otherwise indicated, references to water shall beunderstood to mean reagent water conforming to SpecificationD1193, Type IV.7.3 Monobasic potassium phosphate (KH2PO4).7.4 Sodium hydroxide (NaOH).8. Sampling8.1 For a commerciall
20、y available pre-blended and qualitycontrolled product, separate 30 g of psyllium sample from anundamaged bag, one sample per blended lot.8.2 For unblended commercially prepackaged material,separate a 30 g sample from an undamaged bag by taking onethird from the top of the bag, one third from the mid
21、dle of thebag, and one third from the bottom of the bag9. Procedure9.1 Preparation of Simulated Intestinal Fluid TS (TestSolution):9.1.1 Add 900 mL of reagent water to a 1000-mL graduatedflask.9.1.2 Add 6.8 g of monobasic potassium phosphate.9.1.3 Add 0.896 g of sodium hydroxide.9.1.4 Adjust the pH
22、to 7.5 6 0.1 with a 0.5 M premixedsodium hydroxide solution.9.1.5 Adjust the volume with reagent water.9.2 Swell Volume:9.2.1 Transfer 125 mL of simulated intestinal fluid TS to a250-mL graduated cylinder.9.2.2 Add 1.75 g of psyllium substrate, stopper and shakeuntil a uniform suspension is formed.
23、Measure and record theamount of psyllium substrate added to the nearest 0.01 g.9.2.3 Dilute the fluid to 250-mL with simulated intestinalfluid.9.2.4 Set the timer for 30 minutes, stopper and shake thegraduated cylinder for 1 minute every 30 minutes for 8 hours.9.2.5 Allow the gel to settle for 16 ad
24、ditional hours (24hours total) at room temperature.9.2.6 Measure and record the volume of gel to the nearest 1mL.10. Calculations10.1 Calculate the swell volume as follows:Sell VolumemL/g! 5 V/G (1)where:V = millilitres of gel, andG = grams of psyllium.11. Report: Test Data Sheet(s)/Form(s)11.1 The
25、methodology used to specify how data are re-corded on the test data sheet(s)/form(s), as given below, iscovered in 1.4.11.2 Record as a minimum the following general informa-tion (data):11.2.1 Sample/specimen identifying information, such asProduct Name, Production Lot Number and Quantity, Date ofPr
26、oduction and any other product identifying information.11.3 Record as a minimum the following test specimen data:11.3.1 The amount of psyillium substrate, 1.75 g.11.3.2 The volume of the gel to the nearest 1 mL.11.3.3 Record the swell volume, to the nearest one millilitreper gram (mL/g).11.3.4 Labor
27、atory performing the test, lab technician per-forming the test, and date of testing.12. Precision and Bias312.1 The precision of this test method is based on anintralaboratory study ofASTM WK34944 New Standard TestMethod for Swell Volume of Psyllium, conducted in 2012. Asingle laboratory participate
28、d in this study, testing four differ-ent materials over time. Every “test result” represents anindividual determination. The laboratory reported three repli-cate test results for each material. Except for the use of onlyone laboratory, Practice E691 was followed for the design andanalysis of the dat
29、a; the details are given in ASTM ResearchReport No. D18-1021.12.1.1 Repeatability (r)The difference between repetitiveresults obtained by the same operator in a given laboratoryapplying the same test method with the same apparatus under3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquart
30、ers and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D18-1021. ContactASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.D7047 1512constant operating conditions on identical test material withinshort intervals of time would in the long run, in the normal andcorrect operation of the test method, exceed the f
31、ollowingvalues only in one case in 20.12.1.1.1 Repeatability can be interpreted as maximum dif-ference between two results, obtained under repeatabilityconditions, that is accepted as plausible due to random causesunder normal and correct operation of the test method.12.1.1.2 Repeatability limits ar
32、e listed in Table 1.12.1.2 Reproducibility (R)The difference between twosingle and independent results obtained by different operatorsapplying the same test method in different laboratories usingdifferent apparatus on identical test material would, in the longrun, in the normal and correct operation
33、 of the test method,exceed the following values only in one case in 20.12.1.2.1 Reproducibility can be interpreted as maximumdifference between two results, obtained under reproducibilityconditions, that is accepted as plausible due to random causesunder normal and correct operation of the test meth
34、od.12.1.2.2 Reproducibility limits cannot be calculated from asingle laboratorys results.12.1.3 The terms repeatability limit and reproducibilitylimit are used as specified in Practice E177.12.1.4 Any judgment in accordance with statement 9.1.1would normally have an approximate 95 % probability ofbe
35、ing correct, however the precision statistics obtained in thisILS must not be treated as exact mathematical quantities whichare applicable to all circumstances and uses. The limitednumber of laboratories reporting replicate results essentiallyguarantees that there will be times when differences grea
36、terthan predicted by the ILS results will arise, sometimes withconsiderably greater or smaller frequency than the 95 %probability limit would imply. Consider the repeatability limitas a general guide, and the associated probability of 95 % asonly a rough indicator of what can be expected.12.2 BiasAt
37、 the time of the study, there was no acceptedreference material suitable for determining the bias for this testmethod, therefore no statement on bias is being made.12.3 The precision statement was determined through sta-tistical examination of 12 results, from a single laboratory, onfour materials d
38、escribed as:Sample 1: Moderate Swell PsylliumSample 2: High Swell PsylliumSample 3: Low Swell PsylliumSample 4: Moderate Swell Psyllium13. Keywords13.1 erosion control; insularis; mucilloid; ovata; plantago;psyllium; swellASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rig
39、hts asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any
40、 time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments wi
41、ll receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by AS
42、TM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); o
43、r through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 1 Swell Volume (mL/g)Average RepeatabilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitxSrrSample 1 23.0 0.0 0.0Sample 2 56.3 0.6 1.6Sample 3 15.0 0.0 0.0Sample 4 23.0 0.0 0.0D7047 1513
