1、Designation: D 7223 05An American National StandardStandard Specification forAviation Certification Turbine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7223; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the use of purchasing agenciesin formulating specifications for purchases of aviation tur
3、binefuel under contract.1.2 This specification defines one specific type of aviationturbine fuel for civil use in the certification of aircraft. Thespecification can be used as a standard in describing the qualityof this aviation fuel from the refinery to the aircraft.1.3 This specification does not
4、 include the fuels that arecommonly used in aviation turbine engines. Those are listed inSpecification D 1655.1.4 The aviation turbine fuel defined by this specificationmay be used in other than turbine engines that are specificallydesigned and certified for this fuel.1.5 The values stated in SI uni
5、ts are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD 130 Test Method for Corrosive
6、ness to Copper fromPetroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD 381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by JetEvaporationD 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 1094 Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation FuelsD 1266 Test M
7、ethod for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(Lamp Method)D 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and LiquidPetroleum Products by Hydrometer MethodD 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adso
8、rptionD 1322 Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosine andAviation Turbine FuelD 1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD 1840 Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons inAviation Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet SpectrophotometryD 2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation FuelsD 2622 Test Meth
9、od for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD 2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Avia-tion and Distillate FuelsD 2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution ofPetroleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD 3227 Test Method for (Thiol Merca
10、ptan) Sulfur in Gaso-line, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels(Potentiometric Method)D 3241 Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability ofAviation Turbine Fuels (JFTOT Procedure)D 3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine FuelD 3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Com-b
11、ustion of Aviation FuelsD 3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup TesterD 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density ofLiquids by Digital Density MeterD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
12、D 4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD 4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD 4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Com-bustion of Aviation FuelsD 4809 Test
13、Method for Heat of Combustion of LiquidHydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (PrecisionMethod)1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.J0 on Aviation Fuels.Current edition approved Nov.
14、 1, 2005. Published January 2006.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM Internationa
15、l, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 4952 Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for ActiveSulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)D 5001 Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity ofAviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder LubricityEva
16、luator (BOCLE)D 5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System IcingInhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation FuelsD 5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini Method)D 5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine
17、Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD 5972 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels(Automatic Phase Transition Method)D 6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels andFuel SystemsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specification
18、s3. General3.1 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribesthe required properties of aviation certification turbine fuel atthe time and place of delivery.4. Classification4.1 One type of aviation turbine fuel is provided, as follows:4.1.1 Jet C-1A relatively wide boiling range volatile
19、distillate.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Aviation turbine fuel, except as otherwise specified inthis specification, shall consist of blends of refined hydrocar-bons derived from conventional sources including crude oil,natural gas liquid condensates, heavy oil, shale oil, and oilsands. The use of
20、jet fuel blends, containing components fromother sources, is only permitted on a specific, individual basis(see Annex A1 on fuels from non-conventional sources inSpecification D 1655).5.1.1 Fuels used in engines and aircraft are ultimatelyapproved by the certifying authority subsequent to formalsubm
21、ission of evidence to the authority as part of the typecertification program for that aircraft and engine model.Additives to be used as supplements to an approved fuel mustalso be similarly approved on an individual basis (see Speci-fication D 1655).5.2 AdditivesMay be added to this aviation turbine
22、 fuel inthe amount and of the composition specified in the followinglist of approved material:35.2.1 AntioxidantsIn amounts not to exceed 24.0 mg/Lactive ingredients (not including weight of solvent):5.2.1.1 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol.5.2.1.2 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-4-methyl phenol.5.2.1.3 2,4-dimethy
23、l-6-tertiary-butyl phenol.5.2.1.4 75 % minimum 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol, plus25 % maximum mixed tertiary and tritertiary-butyl phenols.5.2.1.5 55 % minimum 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl phe-nol, plus 15 % minimum 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-4-methyl phenol,remainder as monomethyl and dimethyl tertiary-b
24、utyl phenols.5.2.1.6 72 % minimum 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl phe-nol, 28 % maximum monomethyl and dimethyl-tertiary-butylphenols.5.2.2 Metal Deactivator Additive (MDA), in amount not toexceed 2.0 mg/L (not including weight of solvent) on initialfuel manufacture at the refinery. Higher initial con
25、centrationsare permitted in circumstances where copper contamination issuspected to occur during distribution. Cumulative concentra-tion of MDA when retreating the fuel shall not exceed5.7 mg/L:5.2.2.1 N,N-disalicylidene-1,2-propane diamine.5.2.3 Electrical Conductivity AdditiveStadis 4504not toexce
26、ed 3 mg/L.5.2.3.1 When loss of fuel conductivity necessitates retreat-ment with electrical conductivity additive, the following con-centration limits apply:At Manufacture:Stadis 450 3 mg/L, maxRetreatment:Stadis 450 cumulative total 5 mg/L, max5.2.4 Leak Detection AdditiveTracer A (LDTA-A)5maybe add
27、ed to the fuel in amounts not to exceed 1 mg/kg.5.2.5 Other additives are permitted. These include fuelsystem icing inhibitor and special purpose additives such asbiocides. The quantities and types must be declared by the fuelsupplier and agreed to by the purchaser. Only additivesapproved by the air
28、craft certifying authority are permitted inthe fuel on which an aircraft is operated.5.2.5.1 Biocidal additives are available for controlled usage.Where such an additive is used in the fuel, the approval statusof the additive and associated conditions must be checked forthe specific aircraft and eng
29、ines to be operated.5.2.5.2 Fuel System Icing Inhibitor:(1) Diethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (DIEGME), con-forming to the requirements of Specification D 4171, Type III,may be used in concentrations of 0.10 to 0.15 volume %.(2) Test Method D 5006 may be used to determine theconcentration of DIEGME
30、 in aviation fuels.5.3 Guidance material is presented in Appendix X3 ofSpecification D 1655 concerning the need to control processingadditives in jet fuel production.6. Detailed Requirements6.1 The aviation turbine fuel shall conform to the require-ments prescribed in Table 1.6.2 Test results shall
31、not exceed the maximum or be lessthan the minimum values specified in Table 1. No allowanceshall be made for the precision of the test methods. Todetermine conformance to the specification requirement, a test3Supporting data (Guidelines for Approval or Disapproval of Additives) havebeen filed at AST
32、M International Headquarters and may be obtained by requestingResearch Report RR: D02-1125.4Stadis 450 is a registered trademark marketed by Innospec Inc., InnospecManufacturing Park, Oil Sites Road, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, CH65 4EY, UK.5Tracer A (LDTA-A) is a registered trademark of Tracer Resear
33、ch Corp., 3755N. Business Center Dr., Tucson, AZ 85705.D7223052result may be rounded to the same number of significant figuresas in Table 1 using Practice E29. Where multiple determina-tions are made, the average result, rounded according toPractice E29, shall be used.6.3 If any additives are used,
34、the aviation turbine fuel shallconform to the Table 2 listed requirements.7. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance7.1 The aviation turbine fuel herein specified shall bevisually free of undissolved water, sediment, and suspendedmatter. The odor of the fuel shall not be nauseating or irritating.No subst
35、ance of known dangerous toxicity under usual condi-tions of handling and use shall be present, except as permittedin this specification.8. Sampling8.1 Because of the importance of proper sampling proce-dures in establishing fuel quality, use the appropriate proce-dures in Practice D 4057.8.2 A numbe
36、r of jet fuel properties including thermalstability, water separation, electrical conductivity, and othersare very sensitive to trace contamination that can originateTABLE 1 Detailed Requirements of Aviation Certification Turbine FuelAProperty Jet C-1 ASTM Test MethodBAcidity, total mg KOH/g max 0.1
37、0 D 3242Aromatics, vol % min/max 8 to 25 D 1319Sulfur, mercaptanC, weight % max 0.003 D 3227Sulfur, total weight % max 0.30 D 1266, D 2622, D 4294 or D 5453Distillation temperature, C (F):Initial boiling point, temperature min/max 70/100 (158/212) D 2887, D86D5 % recovered, temperature min/max 80/11
38、0 (176/230) D 2887, D86D10 % recovered, temperature min/max 90/120 (194/248) D 2887, D86D20 % recovered, temperature min/max 105/140 (221/284) D 2887, D86D50 % recovered, temperature min/max 150/195 (302/383) D 2887, D86D90 % recovered, temperature min/max 215/255 (419/491) D 2887, D86DFinal boiling
39、 point, temperature min/max 240/290 (464/554) D 2887, D86DFlash Point, C (F) report D56, D 3828Density at 15C, kg/m3750 to 840 D 1298, D 4052Vapor pressureEat 25C, kPa (psi) report 3.0 (0.44) to 5.5 (0.80) D 5191Fat 38C, kPa (psi) report 5.6 (0.8) to 8.2 (1.2) D 5191Fat 50C, kPa (psi) min/max 10.0 (
40、1.45) to 12.5 (1.82) D 5191Fat 100C, kPa (psi) report 56 (8.1) to 60 (8.7) D 5191FFreezing point, C max -35 D 2386, D 5972GViscosity at -20C, mm2/sHmax 8.0 D 445Net heat of combustion, MJ/kg min 42.8ID 4529, D 3338,orD 4809One of the following requirements shall be met:(1) Smoke point, mm, or min 25
41、 D 1322(2) Smoke point, mm, and min 18 D 1322Naphthalenes, vol, % max 3.0 D 1840Copper strip, 2 h at 100C max No. 1 D 130Thermal stability:Filter pressure drop, mm Hg max 25JD 3241KTube deposit less than 3 D 3241Existent gum, mg/100 mL max 7 D 381Water reaction:Interface rating max 1b D 1094Lubricit
42、yL BOCLE WSD, mm max 0.85 D 5001LAdditives: see 5.2Electrical conductivity, pS/m required 50 to 450 D 2624Other optionalAFor compliance of test results against the requirements of Table 1, see 6.2.BThe test methods indicated in this table are referred to in Section 10.CThe mercaptan sulfur determina
43、tion may be waived if the fuel is considered sweet by the doctor test described in Test Method D 4952.DIf Test Method D 2887 is used, use correlation procedure (Appendix X5) in Test Method D 2887 to convert D 2887 temperatures to D86equivalent temperatures. Bothminimums and maximums shall be met.EAb
44、solute vapor pressure is the primary property to be controlled; Cyclohexane and toluene, as cited in 7.2 and 7.7 of Test Method D 5191, shall be used as calibratingreagents. 1.0 kPa = 0.145 psi.FRecord absolute vapor pressure.GTest Method D 5972 may produce a higher (warmer) result than that from Te
45、st Method D 2386. In case of dispute, Test Method D 2386 shall be the referee method.H1mm2/s=1cSt.IUse either Eq 1 or Table 1 in Test Method D 4529 or Eq 2 in Test Method D 3338. Test Method D 4809 may be used as an alternative. In case of dispute, Test MethodD 4809 shall be used.JPreferred SI units
46、 are 3.3 kPa, max.KThermal stability test (JFTOT) shall be conducted for 2.5 h at a control temperature of 260C. Tube deposits shall always be reported by the Visual Method: a ratingby the Tube Deposit Rating (TDR) optical density method is desirable but not mandatory. No peacock or abnormal colored
47、 tube deposits are permitted.LLubricity test can be waved with purchasers agreement.D7223053from sample containers. For recommended sample containersrefer to Practice D 4306.9. Report9.1 The type and number of reports to ensure conformancewith the requirements of this specification shall be mutually
48、agreed upon by the seller and the purchaser of the aviationturbine fuel.9.2 A suggested form for reporting inspection data onaviation turbine fuel is given in Specification D 1655.10. Test Methods10.1 Determine the requirements enumerated in this speci-fication in accordance with the following ASTM
49、test methods.10.1.1 DensityTest Method D 1298 or D 4052. TestMethod D 4052 shall be the referee test method.10.1.2 DistillationTest Method D86or D 2887 with theconversion to D86temperatures given in correlation procedure(Appendix X5) in Test Method D 2887.10.1.3 Vapor PressureTest Method D 5191. Record abso-lute vapor pressure.10.1.4 Flash PointTest Method D56 or D 3828. TestMethod D 3828 shall be the referee test method.10.1.5 Freezing PointTest Methods D 2386 or D 5972.Test Method D 2386 shall be the referee test method.10.1.6 ViscosityTest Method D 445.10.1
