1、Designation: D 7224 08An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDetermining Water Separation Characteristics of Kerosine-Type Aviation Turbine Fuels Containing Additives byPortable Separometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7224; the number immediately following the
2、 designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis test method was deve
3、loped to satisfy three objectives: (1) Develop a test method that wouldrespond in the same manner as Test Method D 3948 to strong surfactants, but not give lowmicro-separometer (MSEP) ratings to fuels containing weak surfactants (additives) that do not degradethe performance of commercial filter sep
4、arator elements; (2) Use filter media in the coalescer test thatwould be representative of the filtration media in commercial filter separator elements; and (3)Improve the precision of the test method compared to Test Method D 3948.This test method was developed using material that is representative
5、 of coalescing materialscurrently used in commercial filter separator elements. The fiberglass coalescing material used in TestMethod D 3948 was suitable for coalescing filters in use when that test method was developed, butdevelopments in coalescing elements in the intervening years have resulted i
6、n improved materials thatare not affected by weak surfactants. Test Method D 3948 yields low results on some additized fuelsthat do not affect the performance of filter separators (coalescing filters) in actual service. Since thistest method was developed with material that is representative of the
7、media used in current filterseparators, the results by this test method are more relevant to performance in current filter separators.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a rapid portable means for fieldand laboratory use to rate the ability of kerosine-type aviationturbine fuels, both neat and thos
8、e containing additives, torelease entrained or emulsified water when passed throughfiberglass coalescing material.1.1.1 This test method is applicable to kerosine-type avia-tion turbine fuels including: Jet A and Jet A-1 (as described inSpecification D 1655); JP-5, JP-7, JP-8, and JP-8+100. (SeeSect
9、ion 6.)1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establ
10、ish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificwarning statements, see 8.2-8.5.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD 2550 Method of Test for Water Separation Chara
11、cteristicsof Aviation Turbine Fuels3D 3602 Test Method for Water Separation Characteristics ofAviation Turbine Fuels3D 3948 Test Method for Determining Water SeparationCharacteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by PortableSeparometerD 4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affecte
12、d by Trace Contamination2.2 Military Standards:4MIL-DTL-5624 Turbine Fuel, Aviation Grades JP-4, JP-5,and JP-5/JP- 8 STMIL-DTL-25524 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Thermally StableMIL-DTL-38219 Turbine Fuels, Low Volatility, JP-71This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum
13、Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.J0 on Aviation Fuels.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 722407.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.a
14、stm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from Standardiza
15、tion Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.MIL-DTL-83133 T
16、urbine Fuel, Aviation, Kerosene Types,NATO F-34 (JP-8), NATO F-35, and JP-8+1003. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 micro-separometer rating (MSEP rating), na nu-merical value indicating the ease of separating emulsified waterfrom fuel by coalescence as affected by the presence of surfaceactive mater
17、ials (surfactants) in the fuel.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis test method uses the same instru-ment, Micro-Separometer, that is used in Test Method D 3948.As in Test Method D 3948, the MSEP ratings are only validwithin the range of 50 to 100. Ratings at the upper end of therange indicate a clean fuel with l
18、ittle or no contamination bysurfactants. Thus a fuel with a high MSEP rating is expected toshow good water-separating properties when passed through afilter-separator (coalescing-type filter) in actual service.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 MCell Coalescer, na registered tr
19、ademark of EM-CEE Electronics, Inc.5referring to a particular coalescing filterelement specifically designed for this test method.3.2.2 reference fluid bases, nfuels that have been care-fully cleaned in a prescribed manner to remove all surface-active contaminants, and having a minimum MSEP rating o
20、f97.3.2.3 reference fluids, nreference fluid bases to whichprescribed quantities of a known surface active agent havebeen added.3.2.3.1 DiscussionThe known surface active agent istypically bis-2-ethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate, commonlyreferred to as AOT, dissolved in toluene.3.2.4 surfactants, nsu
21、rface active materials that coulddisarm (deactivate) filter separator (coalescing) elements sothat free water is not removed from the fuel in actual servic.3.2.4.1 strong surfactantssurface active materials thatdisarm filter separator elements. Strong surfactants can berefinery process chemicals lef
22、t in the fuel or contaminantsintroduced during transportation of the fuel.3.2.4.2 weak surfactantssurface active materials that aretypically certain types of additives that do not adversely affectthe performance of filter separator elements in actual service.3.3 Abbreviations:3.3.1 AOTaerosol OT (se
23、e 8.1).3.3.2 MSEPmicro-separometer.3.3.3 SDAstatic dissipator additive.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A water/fuel sample emulsion is created in a syringeusing a high-speed mixer. The emulsion is then expelled fromthe syringe at a programmed rate through a specific fiberglasscoalescer, the MCell Coale
24、scer,5and the effluent is analyzedfor uncoalesced water (that is, dispersed water droplets) by alight transmission measurement. The Micro-Separometer hasan effective range of 50-to-100 scaled to the nearest wholenumber. A test can be performed in 5 to 10 minutes.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test
25、method provides a measurement of the pres-ence of surfactants in aviation turbine fuels. Like previousobsolete Test Methods D 2550 and D 3602 and current TestMethod D 3948, this test method can detect trace amounts ofrefinery treating chemicals in fuel. The test methods can alsodetect surface active
26、 substances added to fuel in the form ofadditives or picked up by the fuel during handling from pointof production to point of use. Some of these substancesdegrade the ability of filter separators to separate free waterfrom the fuel.5.2 This test method yields approximately the same (low)MSEP rating
27、s as Test Method D 3948 for fuels that containstrong surfactants.5.2.1 This test method will give approximately the sameMSEP ratings for Jet A, Jet A-1, JP-5, JP-7, and JP-8 fuels asTest Method D 3948 when testing reference fluids.5.3 The MSEP ratings obtained by this test method are lessaffected by
28、 weak surfactants than Test Method D 3948. Some-what higher MSEP ratings for Jet A, Jet A-1, JP-5, JP-7, andJP-8 fuels are obtained by this test method than those obtainedby Test Method D 3948 when additives such as static dissipateradditives (SDA) and corrosion inhibitors are present in thefuel. Th
29、is correlates with the satisfactory performance of filterseparators for such fuels, when wet. However, these sameadditives adversely affect the MSEP ratings obtained by TestMethod D 3948 by erroneously indicating that such additizedfuels would significantly degrade the ability of filter separatorsto
30、 separate free water from the fuel in actual service.5.4 The Micro-Separometer has an effective measurementrange from 50 to 100. Values obtained outside of those limitsare undefined and invalid.NOTE 1In the event a value greater than 100 is obtained, there is agood probability that light transmittan
31、ce was reduced by material,typically water, contained in the fuel that was used to set the 100 referencelevel. During the coalescing portion of the test, the contaminating materialas well as the 50 6 1 L of distilled water was subsequently removedduring this portion of the test. Thus, the processed
32、fuel had a higher lighttransmittance than the fuel sample used to obtain the 100 reference levelresulting in the final rating measuring in excess of 100.6. Interferences6.1 Any suspended particles, whether solid or water drop-lets or haze, in a fuel sample will interfere with this testmethod, which
33、utilizes light transmission of a fuel sample afteremulsification with water and subsequent coalescence.7. Apparatus7.1 Micro-Separometer Instrument6is used to perform thetest. The unit is completely portable and self-contained, ca-pable of operating on an (optional) internal rechargeablebattery pack
34、 or being connected to an ac power source using5A registered trademark of EMCEE Electronics, Inc., 520 Cypress Ave., Venice,FL 34285. www.emcee-.6The sole source of supply of the apparatus, the Model 1140 Micro-SeparometerMark V Deluxe and Mark X, known to the committee at this time is EMCEEElectron
35、ics, Inc., 520 CypressAve., Venice, FL 34285, www.emcee-. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMInternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.D7224082po
36、wer cords which are available for various voltages. Connec-tion to an ac power source will provide power to the unit andeffect battery recharge. The power cords, test accessories andoperators manual can be packed in the cover of the lockablecase.NOTE 2An extensive study was performed to verify that
37、the Mark XMicro-Separometer gives equivalent results to the Mark V DeluxeMicro-Separometer. See Research Report RR: D02-1647.7NOTE 3The Mark X has a universal power supply and requires onlyone power cord as compared to the Mark V Deluxe that requires individualpower cords for different voltages.7.1.
38、1 Review the Operating Manual of the Micro-Separometer instrument that is furnished with each unit (and isalso available from the manufacturers website) for operatinginstructions. The instrument is not field repairable. Also notethat this instrument is designed to perform a number ofdifferent functi
39、ons in addition to this specific test method.7.1.2 The Micro-Separometer Mark V Deluxe and Mark Xand associated control panel are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2,respectively. The emulsifier is on the right side of the raisedpanel and the syringe drive mechanism is on the left side. Thecontrol panel cont
40、aining the operating controls is mounted onthe fixed panel in the left side of the case. Table 1 lists themanual and audio operating characteristics of the instrument.7.1.3 All of the controls are located in a push-button arrayon the control panel. The push-buttons illuminate when de-pressed thus in
41、dicating operational status. A circuit breakerlocated on the control panel provides protection for the acpower circuit.7.1.3.1 The Mark X has an LCD display on the controlpanel that provides information to the operator during the test.The information includes test status and an error code thatdefine
42、s a malfunction in the Micro-Separometer.7.1.4 The turbidimeter is located under the main controlpanel and consists of a well in which the sample vial is placed(in a specified orientation), a light source and a photocell.7.1.5 By depressing the ON push-button, the electroniccircuits are energized. T
43、he ON push-button pulses on and offwhen the instruments are being operated by an ac source andremains constantly on when the battery (dc) pack is used. Thelettered push-buttons will sequentially illuminate indicatingREADY operational status.NOTE 4Of the lettered (A-G) pushbuttons on the control pane
44、l of theMark V Deluxe, only the A pushbutton is applicable to this test method.Of the lettered (Jet A Diesel) pushbuttons on the control panel of theMark X, only the Jet A pushbutton is applicable to this test method.7.1.6 The RESET push-button can be depressed at any timeto cancel the test in progr
45、ess and restore the program to theinitial start mode. The lettered push-buttons commence tosequentially illuminate, thus indicating a READY operationalstatus enabling test mode selection.7.2 Mark V Operation:7.2.1 Depress the A push-button to select test Mode A. Thedepressed push-button and the STAR
46、T push-button will illu-minate.7.2.2 The START push-button, when depressed initially,initiates the CLEAN cycle causing the syringe drive mecha-nism to travel to the UP position and the emulsifier motor tooperate for the cleaning operation.7.2.3 The START push-button, when depressed after thesecond C
47、LEAN cycle initiates the automatic program sequencecausing the read indicator and the two ARROWED push-buttons to illuminate, indicating that a full-scale adjustmentperiod is in effect. A numerical value also appears on thedisplay.7.2.4 By depressing the appropriate ARROWED push-button, the displaye
48、d value on the meter can be increased ordecreased, as required, to attain the 100 reference level for thevial of fuel sample in the turbidimeter.7.3 Mark X Operation:7.3.1 Selection of Test Mode A program is accomplished bydepressing the Jet A lettered pushbutton. The depressed push-button illuminat
49、es and the sequential illumination of the otherlettered pushbuttons ceases. The CLEAN 1 pushbutton alsoilluminates.7.3.2 The first and second clean cycles are initiated bydepressing the CLEAN 1 and CLEAN 2 pushbuttons. TheRUN pushbutton will illuminate at the end of the second cleancycle.7.3.3 The automatic portion of the test sequence is initiatedby depressing the RUN pushbutton.7.3.4 The 100 reference level for the vial of fuel in theturbidimeter is set automatically and does not require any7Supporting data have been filed at ASTM In
