1、Designation: D 7322 07Standard Test Method forDetermination of Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP)Ability to Encourage Seed Germination and Plant GrowthUnder Bench-Scale Conditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7322; the number immediately following the designation indicate
2、s the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers guidelines, requireme
3、nts, andprocedures for evaluating the effect of Rolled Erosion ControlProducts (RECPs) on seed germination and vegetation en-hancement.1.2 This test method will evaluate the effects of RECPs onseed germination in a controlled environment.1.3 This test method utilizes bench-scale testing proceduresan
4、d shall not be interpreted as indicative of field performance.1.4 This test method is not intended to replace full-scalesimulation or field testing in acquisition of performance valuesthat are required in the design of erosion control measuresutilizing RECPs.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to
5、be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and
6、 determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD 4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for TestingD 5268 Specification for Topsoil Used for LandscapingPurposesD 6475 Te
7、st Method for Measuring Mass Per Unit Area ofErosion Control BlanketsD 6566 Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area ofTurf Reinforcement Mats3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, seeTerminology D 653.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Containers containing soil are sown
8、 with seeds and thencovered with an RECP. Additional containers of soil are sownwith seed and left uncovered as controls. The light, tempera-ture, and humidity are maintained and documented. Theamount of germination and growth is measured periodicallythroughout the test, and the mass of vegetation i
9、s calculated atthe conclusion of the test.4.2 Each RECP under consideration as well as controlcontainers of uncovered soil undergo testing in a controlledenvironment.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method evaluates the effect of an RECP onseed germination and initial plant growth in a controlle
10、denvironment.5.2 The results of this test can be used to compare RECPsand other erosion control materials to determine which are themost effective at encouraging the growth of vegetation.6. Apparatus6.1 Germination ContainersPlastic pots nominally 20 61cm(86 0.4 in.) inside diameter made from plasti
11、c pipesection cylinders and having a height of 10 6 1cm(460.4 in.). The pots include a perforated bottom to allow drain-age.6.2 Temperature, Humidity, and LightControlledChamberCapable of maintaining a constant temperature of27 6 2C, 45 6 5% relative humidity, and 900 6 100 ft-candles, with a light
12、source as outlined in A1.1.6.3 PhotometerInstrument capable of measuring the illu-mination provided by a fluorescent light source, including boththe visible and ultraviolet (UV) spectrum.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility
13、 of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion andSediment Control Technology.Current edition approved March 15, 2007. Published April 2007.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informatio
14、n, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.4 ThermometerCapable of measuring temperature.6.5 HygrometerCapable of measuring relative humidity.7. Test Organisms
15、7.1 The test should be conducted on one seed mix of tallfescue (Pure Live Seed, PLS = 80 6 5 %). Seed shall be storedin a refrigerator.NOTE 1The test seed listed in this test method has been successful forproduct comparison purposes. However, this test may be used withalternative test organisms base
16、d on user needs. If test organisms differentfrom those listed in this procedure are used, agreement should beestablished between the testing laboratory and the user of the test.7.2 Unless otherwise requested, use ASTM topsoil. ASTMtopsoil shall comply with Specification D 5268.8. Sampling8.1 Perform
17、 RECP material sampling in accordance withPractice D 4354.8.2 The laboratory RECP sample should be 1 m2(3.28 ft2).8.3 Cut three specimens from each RECP laboratorysample. The specimen should completely cover the soil in thegermination pots.9. Procedure9.1 Prepare Germination Containers:9.1.1 Prepare
18、 three pots for each RECP to be tested andthree control pots.9.1.2 Place the soil growing medium in each pot. Thegrowing medium shall be topsoil conforming to SpecificationD 5268 with an in-place moisture content and unit weightdetermined as follows:9.1.2.1 Condition and place the topsoil in each po
19、t at a moistunit weight of 13.3 6 0.8 kN/m3(85 6 5 pcf) and 35 to 40 %moisture content (approximately 60 % saturation).9.1.2.2 Randomly select three 5 by 5 cm (2 in. by 2 in.)squares from each pot. Outline or mark, or both, the selectedsquares in each pot. Data will be periodically collected fromwit
20、hin these squares. Alternatively, the entire pot can be usedfor data collection.9.1.2.3 Sow each pot with 0.50 seeds per cm2(500 seeds perft2). This is approximately 176 seeds per pot and 13 seeds perselected square. Distribute the seeds as uniformly as possiblethroughout each pot.9.1.2.4 Press the
21、seeds firmly against the soil surface, andapply a thin veneer of cover soil of no more than 3 mm (0.1 in.)thick over the seeds. Compress both the seed and the topsoilusing a 50 lb circular mass having a nominal diameterequivalent to the pot inside diameter.9.1.2.5 Add sufficient water to bring the p
22、laced and com-pacted topsoil to approximately 100 % saturation. (Stop assoon as free water is apparent on the surface.)9.1.2.6 Each RECP specimen shall be weighed and mea-sured to determine its mass per unit area in accordance withTest Method D 6475 and Test Method D 6566. Cover each ofthree pots wi
23、th an RECP specimen. Three pots will be leftuncovered to be controls. For RECP-covered pots, place theRECP over the pot, and hold firmly in place around theperimeter of the pot.9.1.2.7 Place the pots in the controlled environmental cham-ber conditioned at 27 6 2C, 45 6 5% relative humidity, and900 6
24、 100 ft-candles. The test will proceed for 21 days.9.2 Test Operation, Maintenance, and Data Collection:9.2.1 Check and record temperature, relative humidity, andlight every day, and make any necessary adjustments. (See Fig.1.)9.2.2 Record the number of germinated seeds and the lengthof the plants w
25、ithin each designated square on days 7, 14, and21.9.2.3 At the 7 and 14 day measurement periods, apply anadditional quantity of water to each test pot equal to 12.5 mm(0.5 in.) over the area of the pot (410 mL for an 8-in. diameterpot).9.2.4 At the conclusion of the 21 days, each pot is harvestedby
26、cutting the grass at the surface of the soil within eachdesignated 5 cm (2 in.) square measurement zone.9.2.5 Dry the harvested seedlings in an oven at 100C(212F) for 24 h.9.2.6 Make mass determinations for each pot.NOTE 2The test environment used in this test method procedure hasbeen successful for
27、 product comparison purposes. However, this test maybe used with alternative test environments based on user needs. If testenvironments different from those listed in this procedure are used,agreement should be established between the testing laboratory and theuser of the test method.10. Calculation
28、10.1 Find the total for each pot or the mean of thepre-identified squares in each pot of the number of germinatedseeds and the average height of the plants for each measuringperiod. Similarly, determine the biomass after 21 days. Thedata for each pot should be normalized to the sample rollaverage in
29、dex mass per unit area based on the specimen-specific mass per unit area for the pot.10.2 Average the data from 10.1 for each set of three pots,all prepared in the same manner.11. Report11.1 At a minimum, report the following information:11.1.1 General information, including test facility location,d
30、ate and time.11.1.2 Climate and soil pot (including soil weight and waterweight added) details recorded before and during the test.11.1.3 Description of each RECP under consideration.11.1.4 Soil description.11.1.5 Test seed description.11.1.6 Raw data.11.1.7 A table containing the biomass (will only
31、 have datafor the last day), seed germination, and plant height averagesfor each RECP and the control for day of data collection.11.1.8 Any qualitative observations or conclusions aboutthe performance of the RECPs.11.1.9 Photographic documentation of each pot taken atdays 0, 7, 14, and 21. All photo
32、graphs shall be taken from thesame angle and distance from each pot.D732207212. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe precision of the test method is beingdetermined.12.2 BiasThe bias of the test method, if any, is beingdetermined.12.3 ReproducibilityThe reproducibility of the testmethod is being dete
33、rmined.13. Keywords13.1 erosion control; germination; RECP; rolled erosioncontrol productANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. ANNEXA1.1 Standard ClimatesA1.1.1 Light RequirementsThe source of light will befrom warm white fluorescent lights producing 900 6 100ft-candles at the soil/canopy surface. Typical
34、 warm whitecharacteristics for a 48-in. long lamp include:Light output = 3300 lmColor Temperature = 3000 KColor Rendering = 85A1.1.1.1 Photoperiod should be at least 14 h of light perday.A1.1.1.2 Illumination should be monitored weekly with arecording photometer. Adjustments to artificial lighting m
35、ay benecessary.A1.1.1.3 Intensity should be determined daily with a record-ing photometer. Adjustments to artificial lighting may benecessary.A1.1.2 Temperature and HumidityRecord air temperatureand humidity at least daily. Air temperature and relativehumidity should be continuously monitored.Test C
36、ondition Temperature HumidityControlled 27 6 2C (approximately 81F) 45 6 5%RHA1.2 Standard SoilsUnless otherwise requested, use top-soil. Topsoil shall comply with Specification D 5268.NOTE 1* Harvest the seedlings in each sample area by cutting them at the soil surface, drying them in an oven at 10
37、0C for 24 h, and weighing them.FIG. 1 Data RecordD7322073A1.3 Seed CalibrationA1.3.1 Seed for the germination test shall be stored in arefrigerator.A1.3.2 The seed used in the test shall be subjected to acalibration test simultaneously with the running of the test. Thecalibration test shall involve
38、the selection of 20 seeds from thesame source as those used in the germination test. The 20 seedsare placed on a saturated paper towel, sealed within a plastictransparent container, and exposed to the same temperature/lighting regimen as the germination samples. At 7, 14, and 21days the number of se
39、eds to germinate shall be noted. At theend of 21 days the percentage of seeds germinated shall beused to interpret the results of the germination test relative toprevious tests. If the seed germination rate from the calibrationtests drops below 80 %, new seed should be obtained.ASTM International ta
40、kes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own r
41、esponsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addre
42、ssed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at t
43、he address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D7322074
