1、Designation: D7322 13aD7322 16Standard Test Method forDetermination of Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP)Ability to Encourage Seed Germination and Plant GrowthUnder Bench-Scale Conditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7322; the number immediately following the designation i
2、ndicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers guidelines, req
3、uirements, and procedures for evaluating the effect of Rolled Erosion ControlProducts (RECPs) on seed germination and vegetation enhancement.1.2 This test method will evaluate the effects of RECPs on seed germination in a controlled environment.1.3 This test method utilizes bench-scale testing proce
4、dures and shall not be interpreted as indicative of field performance.1.4 This test method is not intended to replace full-scale simulation or field testing in acquisition of performance values thatare required in the design of erosion control measures utilizing RECPs.1.5 The values stated in either
5、 SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values given inparentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered statedin each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be us
6、ed independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate
7、 safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained FluidsD4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testi
8、ngD5268 Specification for Topsoil Used for Landscaping PurposesD6475 Test Method for Measuring Mass Per Unit Area of Erosion Control Blankets (Withdrawn 2015)3D6566 Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area of Turf Reinforcement Mats3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test met
9、hod, see Terminology D653.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Containers containing soil are sown with seeds and then covered with an RECP.Additional containers of soil are sown withseed and left uncovered as controls. The light, temperature, and humidity are maintained and documented. The amount ofgermina
10、tion and growth is measured periodically throughout the test, and the mass of vegetation is calculated at the conclusionof the test.4.2 Each RECPunder consideration as well as control containers of uncovered soil undergo testing in a controlled environment.1 This test method is under the jurisdictio
11、n of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion and SedimentControl Technology.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013July 1, 2016. Published December 2013July 2016. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D7322
12、 13.13a. DOI: 10.1520/D7322-13A.10.1520/D7322_D7322M-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The
13、 last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequ
14、ately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohock
15、en, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Significance and Use5.1 This test method evaluates the effect of an RECP on seed germination and initial plant growth in a controlled environment.5.2 The results of this test can be used to compare RECPs and other erosion control materials to determine which are t
16、he mosteffective at encouraging the growth of vegetation.6. Apparatus6.1 Germination ContainersPlastic pots nominally 20 6 1 cm (88 6 0.4 in.)in. inside diameter made from plastic pipesection cylinders and having a height of 10 6 1 cm (44 6 0.4 in.).0.4 in. The pots include a perforated bottom to al
17、low drainage.6.2 Temperature-, Humidity-, and Light-Controlled Controlled Environmental ChamberCapable Platform and surroundingscapable of maintaining a constant temperature of 27 6 2C, 2C 81 6 2F, 45 6 5%5 % relative humidity, and 900 6100 ft-candles, 9700 6 1100 lux 900 6 100 ft-candles, with a li
18、ght source as outlined in A1.1.6.3 PhotometerInstrument capable of measuring the illumination provided by a fluorescent light source, including both thevisible and ultraviolet (UV) spectrum.6.4 ThermometerCapable of measuring temperature.6.5 HygrometerCapable of measuring relative humidity.7. Test O
19、rganismsSeeds7.1 The test should be conducted on one seed mix of tall fescue (Pure Live Seed, PLS = 80 6 5 %). Seed shall be stored ina refrigerator.NOTE 1The test seed listed in this test method has been successful for product comparison purposes. However, this test may be used with alternativetest
20、 organismsseeds based on user needs. If test organismsseeds different from those listed in this procedure are used, agreement should be establishedbetween the testing laboratory and the user of the test.7.2 Unless otherwise requested, use ASTM topsoil. ASTM topsoil shall comply with Specification D5
21、268.8. Sampling8.1 Perform RECP material sampling in accordance with Practice D4354.8.2 The laboratory RECP sample should be 1 m2 (3.28 10 ft2).8.3 Cut three specimens from each RECP laboratory sample. The specimen should completely cover the soil in the germinationpots.9. Procedure9.1 Prepare Germi
22、nation Containers:9.1.1 Prepare three pots for each RECP to be tested and three control pots.9.1.2 Place the soil growing medium in each pot. The growing medium shall be topsoil conforming to Specification D5268 withan in-place moisture content and unit weight determined as follows:9.1.2.1 Condition
23、 and place the topsoil in each pot at a moist unit weight of 13.3 6 0.8 kN/m3 (8585 6 5 pcf)pcf and 35 to40 % moisture content (approximately 60 % saturation).9.1.2.2 Randomly select three 5 by 5 cm (2 in. 2 by 2 in.)in. squares from each pot. Outline or mark, or both, the selectedsquares in each po
24、t. Data will be periodically collected from within these squares.Alternatively, the entire pot can be used for datacollection.9.1.2.3 Sow each pot with 0.50 seeds per cm2 (500 500 seeds per ft2). This is approximately 176 seeds per pot and 13 seedsper selected square. Distribute the seeds as uniform
25、ly as possible throughout each pot.9.1.2.4 Press the seeds firmly against the soil surface, and apply a thin veneer of cover soil of no more than 3 mm (0.1 in.)0.1in. thick over the seeds. Compress both the seed and the topsoil using a 50 lb 23 kg 50 lb circular mass having a nominaldiameter equival
26、ent to the pot inside diameter.9.1.2.5 Add sufficient water to bring the placed and compacted topsoil to approximately 100 % saturation. (Stop as soon as freewater is apparent on the surface.)9.1.2.6 Each RECPspecimen shall be weighed and measured to determine its mass per unit area in accordance wi
27、thTest MethodD6475 and Test Method D6566. Cover each of three pots with an RECPspecimen. Three pots will be left uncovered to be controls.For RECP-covered pots, place the RECP over the pot, and hold firmly in place around the perimeter of the pot.9.1.2.7 Place the pots in the controlled environmenta
28、l chamber conditioned at 27 6 2C, 2C 81 6 2F, 45 6 5% relativehumidity, and 900 6 100 ft-candles. 9700 6 1100 lux 900 6 100 ft-candles. Photoperiod should be 14 h of light per day. Thetest will proceed for 21 days.9.2 Test Operation, Maintenance, and Data Collection:D7322 1629.2.1 Check and record t
29、emperature, relative humidity, and light every day along the length and width of the chamber atlocations determined as follows: divide the entire illuminated area in half one way (left to right), then divide into thirds (top tobottom) and measure in the center of each section. Make any necessary adj
30、ustments. (See Fig. 1.)9.2.2 Record the number of germinated seeds and the length of the plants within each designated square on days 7, 14, and 21.9.2.3 At the 7 and 14 day measurement periods, apply an additional quantity of water to each test pot equal to 12.5 mm (0.5in.)0.5 in. over the area of
31、the pot (410 mL for a 20-cm diameter pot / 14 oz for an 8-in. diameter pot).pot).9.2.4 At the conclusion of the 21 days, each pot is harvested by cutting the grass at the surface of the soil within each designated5 cm (2 in.)2 in. square measurement zone.9.2.5 Dry the harvested seedlings in an oven
32、at 100C (212F)212F for 24 h.9.2.6 Make mass determinations for each pot.NOTE 2The test environment used in this test method procedure has been successful for product comparison purposes. However, this test may beused with alternative test environments based on user needs. If test environments differ
33、ent from those listed in this procedure are used, agreement shouldbe established between the testing laboratory and the user of the test method.NOTE 1* Harvest the seedlings in each sample area by cutting them at the soil surface, drying them in an oven at 100C for 24 h, and weighing them.FIG. 1 Dat
34、a RecordD7322 16310. Calculation10.1 Find the total for each pot or the mean of the pre-identified squares in each pot of the number of germinated seeds andthe average height of the plants for each measuring period. Similarly, determine the biomass after 21 days. The data for each potshould be norma
35、lized to the sample roll average index mass per unit area based on the specimen-specific mass per unit area forthe pot.10.2 Average the data from 10.1 for each set of three pots, all prepared in the same manner.11. Report11.1 At a minimum, report the following information:11.1.1 General information,
36、 including test facility location, date and time.11.1.2 Climate and soil pot (including soil weight and water weight added) details recorded before and during the test.11.1.3 Description of each RECP under consideration.11.1.4 Soil description.11.1.5 Test seed description.11.1.6 Raw data.11.1.7 Atab
37、le containing the biomass (will only have data for the last day), seed germination, and plant height averages for eachRECP and the control for day of data collection.11.1.8 Any qualitative observations or conclusions about the performance of the RECPs.11.1.9 Photographic documentation of each pot ta
38、ken at days 0, 7, 14, and 21. All photographs shall be taken from the sameangle and distance from each pot.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe precision of the test method is being determined.12.2 BiasThe bias of the test method, if any, is being determined.12.3 ReproducibilityThe reproducibilit
39、y of the test method is being determined.13. Keywords13.1 erosion control; germination; RECP; rolled erosion control productANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. ANNEXA1.1 Standard ClimatesA1.1.1 Light RequirementsThe source of light will be from warm white fluorescent lights producing 9006100 ft-candles
40、97006 1100 lux at the soil/canopy surface. Typical warm white characteristics for a 48-in. long lamp include:Light output = 3300 lmColor Temperature = 3000 KColor Rendering = 85A1.1.1.1 Photoperiod should be at least 14 h of light per day.A1.1.1.2 Illumination should be monitored weekly with a recor
41、ding photometer. Adjustments to artificial lighting may benecessary.A1.1.1.3 Intensity should be determined daily with a recording photometer. Adjustments to artificial lighting may be necessary.A1.1.2 Temperature and HumidityRecord air temperature and humidity at least daily. Air temperature and re
42、lative humidityshould be continuously monitored.D7322 164Test Condition Temperature HumidityControlled 27 2C (approximately 81F) 45 5 % RHControlled 27 2C approximately 81F 45 5 % RHA1.2 Standard SoilsUnless otherwise requested, use topsoil. Topsoil shall comply with Specification D5268.A1.3 Seed Ca
43、librationA1.3.1 Seed for the germination test shall be stored in a refrigerator.A1.3.2 The seed used in the test shall be subjected to a calibration test simultaneously with the running of the test. The calibrationtest shall involve the selection of 20 seeds from the same source as those used in the
44、 germination test. The 20 seeds are placedon a saturated paper towel, sealed within a plastic transparent container, and exposed to the same temperature/lighting regimen asthe germination samples. At 7, 14, and 21 days the number of seeds to germinate shall be noted. At the end of 21 days thepercent
45、age of seeds germinated shall be used to interpret the results of the germination test relative to previous tests. If the seedgermination rate from the calibration tests drops below 80 %, new seed should be obtained.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights as
46、serted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time
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