1、Designation: D7345 14D7345 16596/12Standard Test Method forDistillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels atAtmospheric Pressure (Micro Distillation Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7345; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determination of the distil
3、lation characteristics of petroleum products and liquidfuels having boiling range between 20 C to 400 C at atmospheric pressure using an automatic micro distillation apparatus.1.2 This test method is applicable to such products as; light and middle distillates, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels
4、,automotive spark-ignition engine fuels containing up to 10 %20 % ethanol, aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, regular andlow sulfur diesel fuels, biodiesel (B100), biodiesel blends up to 20 % biodiesel, special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits,kerosines, burner fuels, and marine f
5、uels.1.3 The test method is also applicable to hydrocarbons with a narrow boiling range, like organic solvents or oxygenatedcompounds.1.4 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate products; it is not applicable to products containing appreciablequantities of residual material.1.5 Th
6、e values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropr
7、iate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreement on this test method are to apply the most recent edition ofthe standards indicated below, unless otherwise
8、 specified, such as in contractual agreements or regulatory rules where earlierversions of the method(s) identified may be required.2.2 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod
9、ucts (Reid Method)D1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced PressureD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-O
10、xygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Automatic Method) (Withdrawn 2012)3D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)D5482 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini MethodAtmospheric)D5854 Practice for Mix
11、ing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.08 on Volatility.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014April
12、1, 2016. Published January 2015June 2016. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 20082014 asD7345 08.D7345 14. DOI: 10.1520/D7345-14.10.1520/D7345-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For A
13、nnual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an
14、 indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to
15、 be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techn
16、iques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-ment System PerformanceD6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and LubricantsD6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that Purportto
17、 Measure the Same Property of a Material2.3 Energy Institute Standards:4IP69 Petroleum products - Determination of vapour pressure - Reid methodProductsDetermination of Vapour PressureReidMethodIP 394 Liquid petroleum products - Vapour pressure - Part Petroleum ProductsVapour PressurePart 1: Determi
18、nation of airsaturated vapour pressureAir Saturated Vapour Pressure (ASVP)2.4 ISO Standards:5Guide 34 General requirementsRequirements for the competence of reference material producersCompetence of ReferenceMaterial ProducersGuide 35 Reference materials General and statistical principles for certif
19、icationMaterialsGeneral and Statistical Principlesfor Certification3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 automatic apparatus, nmicroprocessor-controlled unit that performs the procedures of automatically controlling theevaporation of a liquid specimen under specific
20、conditions of this test method, collecting measurement data and converting thisdata by patented algorithm in order to predict distillation results in correlation with industry recognized reference method.3.1.2 corrected temperature reading, n temperature readings, as described in 3.1.12, corrected t
21、o 101.3 kPa barometricpressure.3.1.3 end point (EP) or final boiling point (FBP), nmaximum corrected temperature readings obtained during the test at theinstant the flask internal pressure returns to the initial pressure level registered by automatic apparatus.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThis usually occurs a
22、fter the evaporation of all liquid from the bottom of the distillation flask. The term maximum temperatureis a frequently used synonym.3.1.4 flask internal pressure, npressure within the distillation flask obtained during the test by a differential pressure sensorof automatic apparatus.3.1.4.1 Discu
23、ssionThe flask internal pressure data recorded during the test is automatically converted to the volume percent recovered or evaporateddata by patented algorithm employed by automatic apparatus.3.1.5 initial boiling point (IBP), ncorrected temperature readings that corresponds to the instant of the
24、flask internal pressurerise registered by automatic apparatus.3.1.6 liquid temperature, ntemperature of the liquid specimen in the distillation flask during the test obtained by a liquidtemperature measuring device of automatic apparatus.3.1.7 percent evaporated, npercent recovered corrected to a pr
25、edicted by automatic analyzer evaporation loss percent. Percentevaporated is automatically reported for ASTM 7C thermometer correlation.3.1.8 percent recovered, nvolume percent automatically reported by the analyzer; expressed as a percentage of the chargevolume, associated with a simultaneous tempe
26、rature readings. Percent recovered is reported for ASTM 8C thermometercorrelation.3.1.9 percent recovery, npercent recovery predicted by the automatic apparatus and expressed as a percentage of the chargevolume.3.1.10 percent residue, nvolume of residue in the distillation flask predicted by the aut
27、omatic apparatus and expressed as apercentage of the charge volume.3.1.11 reference method, nASTM D86 test method or its analogs which is widely used for expression of the distillationcharacteristics of petroleum products in industry.4 Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, W
28、IG 7AR, U.K., http:/www.energyinst.org.uk.5 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de Varemb, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.D7345 1623.1.12 temperature readings, nvapor and liquid temperature has through use of an algorithm of
29、the automatic apparatus beenadjusted to mimic the same temperature lag and emergent stem effects as would be seen when using an ASTM 7C/7F or 8C/8Fliquid-in-glass thermometer to determine the distillation characteristics of the material under test by industry recognized referencemethod.3.1.13 vapor
30、temperature, ntemperature of the vapors in the distillation flask during the test obtained by a vapor temperaturemeasuring device of automatic apparatus.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A specimen of the sample is transferred into the distillation flask, the distillation flask is placed into position on
31、 theautomatic apparatus, and heat is applied to the bottom of the distillation flask.4.2 The automatic apparatus measures and records specimen vapor and liquid temperatures, and pressure in the distillation flaskas the sample gradually distills under atmospheric pressure conditions. Automatic record
32、ings are made throughout the distillationand the data stored into the apparatus memory.4.3 At the conclusion of the distillation, the collected data is treated by the data processing system, converted to distillationcharacteristics and corrected for barometric pressure.4.4 Test results are commonly
33、expressed as percent recovered or evaporated versus corresponding temperature in compliancewith industry recognized standard form and reference method either in a table or graphically, as a plot of the distillation curve.5. Significance and Use5.1 The distillation (volatility) characteristics of hyd
34、rocarbons and other liquids have an important effect on their safety andperformance, especially in the case of fuels and solvents. The boiling range gives information on the composition, the properties,and the behavior of the fuel during storage and use. Volatility is the major determinant of the te
35、ndency of a hydrocarbon mixtureto produce potentially explosive vapors.5.2 The distillation characteristics are critically important for both automotive and aviation gasolines, affecting starting,warm-up, and tendency to vapor lock at high operating temperature or at high altitude, or both. The pres
36、ence of high boiling pointcomponents in these and other fuels can significantly affect the degree of formation of solid combustion deposits.5.3 Distillation limits are often included in petroleum product specifications, in commercial contract agreements, processrefinery/control applications, and for
37、 compliance to regulatory rules.5.4 This test method can be applied to contaminated products or hydrocarbon mixtures. This is valuable for fast product qualityscreening, refining process monitoring, fuel adulteration control, or other purposes including use as a portable apparatus for fieldtesting.5
38、.5 This test method uses an automatic micro distillation apparatus, provides fast results using small sample volume, andeliminates much of the operator time and subjectivity in comparison to Test Method D86.6. Apparatus6.1 Basic Components of the Automatic Apparatus:66.1.1 The basic components of th
39、e micro distillation unit are the distillation flask, a condensate recovery area with waste beaker,an enclosure for the distillation flask with the heat source and flask support, the specimen liquid temperature measuring device,the specimen vapor temperature measuring device, the distillation flask
40、internal pressure measuring device, the ambient pressuremeasuring device, the control systems for regulating the distillation process, and the data processing system for convertingrecorded information into typical industry recognized standard report form.6.2 A detailed description of the apparatus i
41、s given in Annex A1.6.3 Barometer for CalibrationA pressure measuring device capable of measuring local station pressure with an accuracy of0.1 kPa (1 mmHg) or better, at the same elevation relative to sea level where the apparatus is located.6.3.1 The barometer is only required for periodic calibra
42、tion of the external and internal pressure measuring devices.6.3.2 (WarningDo not take readings from ordinary aneroid barometers, such as those used at weather stations and airports,since these are precorrected to give sea level readings.)6.4 Sampling DeviceGlass or plastics syringe capacity 10 mL 6
43、 0.3 mL or constant volume dispenser capacity 10 mL 60.3 mL.6 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is ISL /PAC, B.P. 70285 Verson, 14653 CARPIQUET FRANCE. If you are aware ofalternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headqua
44、rters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1 which you may attend.D7345 1636.5 Waste BeakerGlass approximately 200 mL capacity, outside diameter approximately 70 mm and height approximately130 mm fitted with a cover to reduce evaporatio
45、n. The cover design shall allow the beaker to remain open to atmospheric pressure.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Cleaning Solvents, suitable for cleaning and drying the test flask such as; petroleum naphtha and acetone. (WarningFlammable. Liquid causes eye burns. Vapor harmful. May be fatal or cause b
46、lindness if swallowed or inhaled.)7.2 Toluene, 99.5 % purity. (WarningExtremely flammable. Harmful if inhaled. Skin irritant on repeated contact. Aspirationhazard.)7.3 n-Hexadecane, 99 % purity. (WarningExtremely flammable. Harmful if inhaled. Skin irritant on repeated contact.Aspiration hazard.)7.4
47、 Chemicals of at least 99 % purity shall be used in the calibration procedure (see 10.2). Unless otherwise indicated, it isintended that all reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American ChemicalSociety.77.5 Granular Pumice Stones, clean and dry fine
48、grade pumice stones of diameter 0.8 mm to 3.0 mm, approximately 10 grainsare necessary for each test.7.6 Sample Drying AgentAnhydrous sodium sulfate has been found to be suitable.8. Sampling, Storage, and Sample Conditioning8.1 Sampling:8.1.1 The extreme sensitivity of volatility measurements to los
49、ses through evaporation and the resulting changes in compositionis such as to require the utmost precaution in the drawing and handling of volatile product samples.8.1.2 Obtain a sample and test specimen in accordance with Practice D4057, D4177, or D5854 when appropriate.At least 50 mLof sample is recommended.8.1.3 Sample shall be free from any suspended solids or other insoluble contaminations. Obtain another sample or remove solidparticle by filtration. During filtration operation take care to minimize any loss of light ends.8.2 Sample S
