1、Designation: D 7384 07Standard Practice forMinimum Geospatial Data for a Coal Surface Mining PermitBoundary1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7384; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the minimum elements for theaccurate location and description of data for defining a coalsurface mi
3、ning permit boundary.1.1.1 This practice addresses coal mining geospatial datarelative to the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of1977 (SMCRA).2This geospatial data shall be obtained fromeach state or federal, or both, coal mining RegulatoryAuthority(RA) authorized under SMCRAto regulate co
4、al surface miningoperations (CSMO). Each RA shall be the authoritative datasource (ADS) for coal mining geospatial data.1.1.2 As used in this practice, a coal surface mining bound-ary represents an area where coal removal and reclamation hasoccurred or is occurring within a defined CSMO.1.2 This pra
5、ctice is limited to coal surface mining opera-tions after passage of SMCRA.1.3 This practice does not address pre-SMCRA mining,permit bond releases, and permit bond forfeitures of CSMOs.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is th
6、eresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performingone or more specific operations. This document cannot replaceeducati
7、on or experience and should be used in conjunction withprofessional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may beapplicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is notintended to represent or replace the standard of care by whichthe adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,nor
8、 should this document be applied without consideration ofa projects many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in thetitle of this document means only that the document has beenapproved through the ASTM consensus process.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Ro
9、ck, and ContainedFluidsD 5254 Practice for Minimum Set of Data Elements toIdentify a Ground-Water SiteD 5911 Practice for Minimum Set of Data Elements toIdentify a Soil Sampling Site2.2 ANSI Standards:4ANSI INCITS 61-1986 (R2002) Geographic Point Loca-tions for Information Interchange, Representatio
10、n of (for-merly ANSI X3.61-1986 (R1997)ANSI INCITS 320-1998 (R2003) InformationtechnologySpatial Data Transfer2.3 Federal Geographic Data Committee Standards5FGDC-STD-001 Content Standard for Digital GeospatialMetadata2.4 Code of Federal Regulations:630 CFR Part 700 et seq.3. Terminology3.1 Except a
11、s listed or noted below, all definitions are inaccordance with Terminology D 653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 active CSMOa CSMO that has ongoing coal pro-duction and/or reclamation activities.3.2.2 attributea defined characteristic of a feature type(for example, an attrib
12、ute of Permit Status feature type =active).3.2.3 authoritative data sourcea recognized source asdefined in SMCRA.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.01 on Surface andSubsurface Characterization.Current ed
13、ition approved Sept. 1, 2007. Published October 2007.2Public Law 95-87, the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977(SMCRA), passed August 3, 1977, as amended.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annua
14、l Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from Federal Geographic Data Committee, 590 National C
15、enter,Reston, VA 20192, www.fgdc.gov.6Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
16、 United States.3.2.4 attribute valuea specific quality or quantity as-signed to an attribute for a specific feature instance.3.2.5 contactjurisdictional regulatory authority respon-sible for issuance and compliance of a coal-mining permit.3.2.6 data statusdate when state and tribal data, or fea-ture
17、, was edited in national CSMO permit dataset.3.2.7 domaina finite list (or range) of permissible valuesfor a specified attribute. Included are tables of: units ofmeasure, types, styles, status, names, methods, materials,dispositions, sources, dimensions, data, classes, etc. (for ex-ample, active, in
18、active, NA).3.2.8 feature classa logical group of related feature types(for example, grouping of water system components featuretypes such as water hydrant, water line, water pump, waterreservoir, water tank, etc., into a water system feature class).3.2.9 feature instancereal-world spatial phenomeno
19、nabout which data is collected, maintained, and disseminated.(for example, the McMillan Water Reservoir). Feature in-stances are the geospatial objects that are graphically delin-eated in a spatial database.3.2.10 feature typedefinition and description of a set(class of real world phenomena) into wh
20、ich similar featureinstances are classified (for example, water reservoir).3.2.11 inactive CSMOa CSMO that has no coal extractionor reclamation activity taking place.3.2.12 national IDpermit ID assigned to CSMO by RA,prefixed with state or tribal abbreviation.3.2.13 line segmenta direct line between
21、 two points.3.2.14 permitwritten authorization to conduct surfacecoal mining and reclamation operations issued by a RA to apermittee.3.2.15 permit areathe area of land, indicated on the latestmap approved by the RA, upon which the permittee mayconduct surface coal mining and reclamation operations.3
22、.2.16 permit boundarythe border of potential miningoperations indicated on the latest map approved by the RA.3.2.17 permit IDunique identifier assigned by the RA foradministrative purposes.3.2.18 permit statusto distinguish between active andinactive CSMO.3.2.19 permitteean entity to whom a permit h
23、as beenissued by a RAto conduct surface coal mining and reclamationoperations.3.2.20 pointa zero-dimensional geometric object thatspecifies geographic location.3.2.21 polygona two-dimensional closed geometric shapethat specifies a geographic area.3.2.22 reclamationthose actions taken to restore mine
24、dland to the post-mining land use approved by the RA.3.2.23 Regulatory Authoritygovernment entity with ex-clusive jurisdiction over the regulation of surface coal miningand reclamation operations under a program approved by theSecretary of the U.S. Department of the Interior.3.3 Acronyms:3.3.1 ADSau
25、thoritative data source.3.3.2 CSMOcoal surface mining operation(s).3.3.3 NADNorth American Datum.3.3.4 NMDSNational Map Data Steward, the OSM des-ignated liaison with the RA.3.3.5 OSMOffice of Surface Mining Reclamation andEnforcement, U.S. Department of the Interior.3.3.6 RARegulatory Authority.3.3
26、.7 SMCRASurface Mining Control and ReclamationAct of 1977 as amended.3.3.8 WGSWorld Geodetic System.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice addresses coal mining boundary geospatialdata relative to the SMCRA. This practice is significant to thecoal mining community because it provides uniformity of
27、geospatial data pertaining to coal surface mining boundariesthroughout the United States. The coal surface mining bound-ary is the first of the coal mining geospatial data standards tobe developed for use by a RA. Within its area of exclusivejurisdiction, each RAis the authoritative data source (ADS
28、) forcoal mining spatial data that it creates and uses to implementSMCRA. These standards will help ensure uniformity of coalmining geospatial data used in internal business practices,exchanged among business partners within the coal miningcommunity, and contributed by each ADS in future efforts toc
29、reate national datasets describing surface coal mining in theUnited States.4.2 Coal surface mining geospatial data shall be obtainedfrom State and Federal regulatory authorities for CSMO. Thecoal mining community encompasses all entities directly andindirectly affected by coal mining activities, inc
30、luding industry,environmental groups, the general public, and the governmentat all levels within the United States. Use of this standard willhelp create consistent maps and increase understanding ofCSMO sites throughout the United States. This standardpromotes the creation of well organized and easi
31、ly accessiblecoal surface mining data, and it will facilitate better commu-nication between state and federal offices, the public, industryand environmental groups.4.3 As used in this practice, a coal surface mining boundaryrepresents an area where coal removal and reclamation hasoccurred, is occurr
32、ing, or is planned and authorized by the RAwithin a defined CSMO.NOTE 1Currently, not all RAs have established datasets for coalmining geospatial data. Of those RAs that have coal mining geospatialdatasets, each organizes their data in a different method, using their owncoordinate system, and their
33、own naming conventions and terminology.By establishing national data standards, RAs will have uniform guidancefor the creation and management of coal mining geospatial data. In effect,this practice creates an easier and more efficient way to utilize and sharecoal surface mining boundary geospatial d
34、ata among affected parties.4.4 In addition to defining a permit boundary, use of thisstandard over time will allow identification of changes in theboundary as the mined area changes.4.5 Among a few coal-producing states, some attributes ofthe coal surface mining boundaries will not have values. Anat
35、ional dataset of coal surface mining boundaries will appearto be incomplete for certain states. In some situations, coalsurface mining geospatial data may not have been collected forthose states. In others, it is not applicable.D73840724.6 This standard conforms to the definition of a DataContent St
36、andard as promulgated by the U.S. Federal Geo-graphic Data Committee (FGDC). Terminology and definitionsfor identifying geographical features and describing the datamodel has been adopted from the FGDC Spatial Data TransferStandard (ANSI INCITS 320-1998 (R2003).4.7 Although this standard is written
37、specifically for the coalsurface mining industry, its general purpose and content areapplicable to other surface mining operations.5. Procedure5.1 IntroductionThe list of Coal Surface Mining Bound-ary individual location characteristics (also known as at-tributes) represent the minimum data elements
38、 necessary todevelop and maintain a nationwide geospatial data set depict-ing coal surface mining locations. The data set may be servedas a layer in The National Map (http:/nationalmap.gov), anonline, interactive map service sponsored by a consortium ofUS Federal, State, and local partners and hoste
39、d by the U.S.Geological Survey (USGS).7The National Map provides aconsistent framework for high-quality, geospatial data andinformation from multiple partners to enhance Americasability to access, integrate, and apply current, accurate, andnationally consistent digital data at global, national, and
40、localscales.5.2 Coordinates and Related DataCoordinates and re-lated geospatial data allow coal surface mining boundaries tobe accurately positioned on the earths surface in a variety ofrecognized datum, grid systems, and geographic projections.The coal surface mining boundaries are compiled from va
41、riousSMCRA state and tribal data resources that utilize differentdatum, coordinate, and projection systems. All data will haveidentified datum, coordinate, and projection systems withassociated precision values, accuracy values, or both, and willbe re-projected to match the spatial reference paramet
42、ersutilized in The National Map. The North American Datum of1983 (NAD 83) should be used as the datum. Many states havelegislated the use of NAD 83. ANSI INCITS 61-1986 (R2002)provides guidance on representation of coordinates.5.3 OSM will coordinate with the National Map DataSteward (NMDS) to make
43、available a service containing accessto a national dataset of coal surface mining boundaries. Thisnational dataset will have the minimum attributes specified inTable 1. Extraneous attributes or fields will be removed. TheNMDS will perform a format check to determine if thesubmittal meets the standar
44、d. The NMDS also will conduct atechnical review of the data to assess the accuracy andcharacteristics of the data files. If errors are found or questionsabout the data arise, interaction between OSM and the NMDSmay be needed to resolve issues before the process can becontinued.5.3.1 X-CoordinateUniv
45、ersally longitude, however, mostcoordinate systems are convertible to longitude (See PracticesD 5254 and D 5911).5.3.2 Y-CoordinateUniversally latitude, however, mostcoordinate systems are convertible to latitude (See PracticesD 5254 and D 5911).5.3.3 Size MeasurementsDistance in feet or meters, orl
46、and area in acres or hectares, derived from the X and Ycoordinate positions for length and width of a coal surfacemining boundary.5.3.4 Character LimitationUse no special characters orblanks in the layer name.5.3.5 Consistent and Unique Naming Conventions:Use consistent and unique layer names, for e
47、xample,consistentuse countyroads and cityroads, as opposed toroadscounty and cityroads; for example, uniquethere canonly be one “counties” layer in the entire database.5.3.6 Origin of Coal Surface Mining Boundary GeometryThe feature geometry must originate from the most accuratedata available to the
48、 ADS. For coal surface mining boundariesof post-SMCRA CSMOs, the most recent approved mapcontained in the permit application issued by the RA must beused.5.3.7 Geometry TypeRequired geometry is closed poly-gon and vector feature type.5.3.8 Data TypeData can be provided as a shapefile,coverage, geoda
49、tabase feature class, or xml recordset. RAs arestrongly encouraged to adopt enterprise geodatabase methodswhere practicable to maximize efficiency.7USGS National Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA 20192,www.usgs.gov.TABLE 1 AttributesCoal SurfaceMining BoundaryAttributeDefinition Example Data Type Domain CommentPermittee To whom thepermit is issuedACME CoalMining Co., Inc.Text Text, NAPermit ID Unique identifier 1201834 Text Numbers,alphanumeric text, NAPermit Status Status of mine permit Active Text Active, inactive, NA St
