1、Designation: D 7408 08Standard Specification forNon Reinforced PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) GeomembraneSeams1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7408; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the minimum values for seamsfabricated into unreinforced PVC geomembranes in factoryand field appl
3、ications.1.2 This specification covers PVC Geomembranes in thick-ness of .25 through 1.52 mm (0.010 through 0.060 in.)1.3 In addition to structural characteristics, the specifiershall evaluate other characteristics beyond the scope of thisspecification that affect the final choice of construction. T
4、heseinclude, but are not limited to, functional, legal, insurance andeconomic considerations.1.4 This specification is not intended to exclude products orsystems not covered by the referenced documents.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in paren
5、theses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priat
6、e safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin PlasticSheetingD 4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD 7
7、176 Specification for Non-Reinforced Polyvinyl Chlo-ride (PVC) Geomembranes Used in Buried Applications3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 chemical fusion seams, nuse of a chemical agent todissolve the surface of the geomembrane for bonding.3.1.2 adhesive or bodied solvent, nthese seams are typi-cal
8、ly produced by applying an adhesive to both sides of thesheet to be bonded and then pressure is applied to the top sheetwith the bottom sheet supported by flat a firm surface3.1.3 thermal fusion, n also known as hot air or hotwedge, this technique introduces high-temperature air or gas ora hot wedge
9、 between two geomembrane surfaces to facilitatemelting. Pressure is applied to the top and/or bottom sheets ofthe geomembrane, forcing together the two surfaces to form acontinuous bond.3.1.3.1 DiscussionSome seams of this kind are made withdual bond tracks separated by a non-bonded gap. These seams
10、are referred to as dual track seams or double-track seams3.1.4 hot air or knife, n this technique melts the twogeomembrane surfaces to be seamed by running a hot metalwedge or hot air between them. Pressure is applied to the topor bottom geomembrane, or both, to form a continuous bond.These seams ar
11、e usually produced with a combination of ahand held heat gun or hand held hot wedge along with a handroller.3.2 For definitions of other terms, see Terminology D 4439.4. Classification4.1 Types of seams covered in this specification:4.1.1 Chemical Fusion,4.1.2 Adhesive or Bodied Solvent,4.1.3 Dielec
12、tric, and4.1.4 Thermal Fusion.5. Significance and Use5.1 Significancethe increased use of geomembranes asbarrier materials to restrict fluid migration from one location toanother in various applications, and the various types ofseaming methods used in joining geomembrane sheets, hascreated a need to
13、 standardize minimum seam strength require-ments.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomem-branes.Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published June 2008.2For referenced ASTM standards, visi
14、t the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-29
15、59, United States.5.2 UseStandard seam specification provides informationas to the status of the seam. Data obtained by this standard canbe used in CQC/CQAdocuments. This test method is useful forspecification testing and for comparative purposes but does notnecessarily measure the ultimate strength
16、 that the seam mayacquire.6. Apparatus6.1 Tensile instrumentation shall meet the requirementsoutlined in Test Method D 638.6.2 Grip FacesGrip faces shall be a minimum 25 mm (1in.) wide and a minimum of 25 mm (1 in.) in length. Smoothrubber, fine serrated or coarse serrated grip faces have all beenfo
17、und to be suitable for testing geomembrane seams.7. Sample Preparation7.1 Cut a sample large enough to accommodate the removalof five (5) peel specimens and five (5) shear specimens (useFig. 1)NOTE 1Larger samples sizes may be required on site specific orproject specific or requirements for the purp
18、ose of archiving or third partytesting.7.2 Once the sample is received at the testing facility, thesample shall be acclimated at a standard laboratory environ-ment, Humidity between 50 and 70 % and a temperature of21.6 62 C (70.6 64 F) for a minimum of 40 hours for alltypes of seams, except thermo a
19、nd dielectric type seams, forthese types of seams a minimum of 4 hours at the standardlaboratory environment is required.NOTE 2 If samples are sent to the lab and testing is preformed priorto the required lab acclimating period then this must be noted on thesample results. However the sample should
20、be at least a minimum of 40hours from the time of fabrication and lab acclimation period should be atleast one (1) hour minimum.8. Specimen Preparation8.1 Cut five specimens in peel and five in sheer as shown inFig. 1.NOTE 3Cut out the 5 peel and 5 shear specimens from the sampletypically across the
21、 seam. In some conditions with seams without a crossflap, seams may have to be partially peeled open to initiate a peel test tab.8.2 Use 25.4 mm wide (1 in.) specimens8.3 Five specimens should be tested in 90 degree peel modeand five in shear8.4 The gage length for shear strength shall be 50.8 mm +t
22、he width of the seam (2 in. + the width of the seam)8.5 For peel test, position grips 13 mm (1/2 in.) on eitherside of seamFIG. 1 Seam SampleD74080829. Procedure9.1 Test peel specimens until break and record the peakvalue for each specimen and the type of break per Fig. 2 forchemical, adhesive and d
23、ielectric, Fig. 2 for all dual trackseams.NOTE 4For Dual track seams test both weld tracks for peel.9.2 Test shear specimens until break and record the peakvalue for each specimen and the type of break per Fig. 2 forchemical, adhesive and dielectric, Fig. 2for all dual track seamsat 508 mm/min (20 i
24、n./min).9.3 Test Peel and Bond Seam Strength specimens at:9.3.1 Option 1 508 mm/min (20 in./min).9.3.2 Option 2 0.8 mm/min (2 in./min).NOTE 5Peel test are typically run at 50.8 mm/min and 508 mm/min(2in. /min and 20 in./min) and should be reported on the report as to thespeed of the test was run. Te
25、st specimens until break and record the peakvalue for each specimen.9.4 Average the peak results of the 5 specimens to obtainthe recordable result of the sample.9.5 Record one test result for the peel sample and one forthe shear sample.9.6 All results should be rounded off to two decimals10. Mechani
26、cal Properties Minimum Properties10.1 See Table 1.NOTE 6See Specification D 7176 for thickness reference of PVC10,PVC20, etc.11. Results11.1 The average of the five specimens shall meet or exceedthe minimum requirements for peel and shear.11.2 Four of the five specimens from each sample shall meetor
27、 exceed for the peel test Shear test.12. Report12.1 The report for each sample shall contain but not limitedto;12.2 All individual data to be consistent with 11.212.2.1 The Identification of the panel.12.2.2 The location of the sample.12.2.3 The reportable result of the peel test.12.2.4 Report the b
28、reak type for the peel (Fig. 2).12.2.5 The reportable result of the shear test.12.2.6 Report the break type for the Bond Seam test (Fig. 2).12.2.7 Job Name.12.2.8 Sample ID or Number.12.2.9 Lot Number and/or Roll Numbers.12.2.10 Machine and/or Operators Number.12.2.11 Other items on the test report
29、may contain; Tem-peratures ambient and sheet, weather conditions for fieldapplications.13. Precision and Bias13.1 No statement is made as to the precision or bias at thetime of publishing14. Keywords14.1 flexible sheeting; geomembrane; geosynthetic; land-fill; pond liner; poly(vinyl chloride); polyv
30、inyl chloride resin;PVC; reservoir; seams; water containment membrane; waterleakage resistanceTABLE 1 Mechanical Properties Minimum PropertiesSeam Strengths ASTM PVC 10 PVC 20 PVC 30 PVC 40 PVC 50 PVC 60Section 1 Bond SeamStrength20 in./minTest Method D 882Min20 lbs/in3.47 kN/m38.4 lbs/in.6.7 kN/m58
31、.4 lbs/in.10 kN/m77.6 lbs/in.14 kN/m96 lbs/in.17 kN/m116 lbs/in.20 kN/mSection 2 Peel Strength2 in./minTest Method D 882Min10 lbs/in1.8 kN/m12.5 lbs/in2.2 kN/m15 lbs/in2.6 kN/m15 lbs/in2.6 kN/m15 lbs/in2.6 kN/m15 lbs/in2.6 kN/mSection 3 Peel Strength20 in./minTest Method D 882Min10 lbs/in1.8 kN/m15
32、lbs/in2.2 kN/m18 lbs/in2.6 kN/m18 lbs/in3.1 kN/m18 lbs/in3.1 kN/m18 lbs/in3.1 kN/mD7408083FIG.2BreakTypeDiagramD7408084ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressl
33、y advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, e
34、ither reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may atte
35、nd. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D7408085
