1、Designation: D 7467 09aStandard Specification forDiesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7467; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers fuel blend grades of 6 to 20volume percent (%) biodiesel with the remainder being a lightmiddle or middle di
3、stillate diesel fuel, collectively designatedas B6 to B20. These grades are suitable for various types ofdiesel engines.1.1.1 The biodiesel component of the blend shall conform tothe requirements of Specification D 6751. The remainder of thefuel shall be a light middle or middle distillate grade die
4、sel fuelconforming to Specification D 975 grades No. 1-D and No.2-D of any sulfur level specified with the following exceptions.The light middle or middle distillate grade diesel fuel whosesulfur level, aromatic level, cetane, or lubricity falls outside ofSpecification D 975 may be blended with biod
5、iesel meetingSpecification D 6751, provided the finished mixtures meets thisspecification.1.1.2 The fuel sulfur grades are described as follows:1.1.2.1 Grade B6 to B20 S15A fuel with a maximum of15 ppm sulfur.1.1.2.2 Grade B6 to B20 S500A fuel with a maximum of500 ppm sulfur.1.1.2.3 Grade B6 to B20
6、S5000Afuel with a maximum of5000 ppm sulfur.1.2 This specification prescribes the required properties ofB6 to B20 biodiesel blends at the time and place of delivery.The specification requirements may be applied at other pointsin the production and distribution system when provided byagreement betwee
7、n the purchaser and the supplier.1.2.1 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observanceof federal, state, or local regulations that may be morerestrictive.NOTE 1The generation and dissipation of static electricity can createproblems in the handling of distillate diesel fuel oils. For more inf
8、orma-tion on this subject, see Guide D 4865.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation
9、of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD 129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-eral Bomb Method)D 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper fromPetroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD 445 Test Method for Kinem
10、atic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petrol
11、eum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD 976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distil-late FuelsD 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(Lamp Method)D 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicat
12、or AdsorptionD 1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(High-Temperature Method)D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Mid
13、dleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD 2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD3117 Test Method for WaxAppearance Point of DistillateFuelsD 3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants
14、 and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.Current edition approved April 15, 2009. Published June 2009. Originallyapproved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D 7467 09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit th
15、e ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100
16、Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD 3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup TesterD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4294 Test Method for S
17、ulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD 4539 Test Method for Filterability of Diesel Fuels byLow-Temperature Flow Test (LTFT)D 4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by FourVariable EquationD 4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of S
18、taticElectricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD 5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD 5771 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Optical Detection Stepped Cooling Met
19、hod)D 5772 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Linear Cooling Rate Method)D 5773 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Constant Cooling Rate Method)D 6079 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of DieselFuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)D 6217 Test Method fo
20、r Particulate Contamination inMiddle Distillate Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD 6371 Test Method for Cold Filter Plugging Point ofDiesel and Heating FuelsD 6468 Test Method for High Temperature Stability ofMiddle Distillate FuelsD 6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels andFuel SystemsD 6751
21、 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock(B100) for Middle Distillate FuelsD 6890 Test Method for Determination of Ignition Delayand Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils byCombustion in a Constant Volume ChamberD 7371 Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (FattyAcid Methyl Esters
22、) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using MidInfrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)D 7397 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Miniaturized Optical Method)E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 Other Standards:26 CFR Part 48 M
23、anufacturers and Retailers Excise Taxes340 CFR Part 80 Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives3EN 14078 Liquid petroleum products - Determination offatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content in middle distil-lates - Infrared spectrometry method4EN 14112 Fat and oil derivatives - Fatty acid methyl esters(
24、FAME) - Determination of oxidation stability (Acceler-ated oxidation test)43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.2 biodiesel, nfuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters oflong chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animalfats, designated B100.3.3 B6 to B20, nfuel blend consisting of 6 to 20 volumeperc
25、ent biodiesel conforming to the requirements of Specifi-cation D 6751 with the remainder being a light middle ormiddle distillate grade diesel fuel and meeting the requirementsof this specification.3.3.1 DiscussionThe abbreviation BXX represents a spe-cific blend concentration in the range B6 to B20
26、, where XX isthe percent volume of biodiesel in the fuel blend.3.4 S(numerical specification maximum)indicates themaximum sulfur content, in weight ppm (g/g), allowed by thisspecification.4. Test Methods4.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shallbe determined in accordance with the f
27、ollowing methods:4.1.1 Acid NumberTest Method D 664.4.1.2 Flash PointTest Method D93, except where othermethods are prescribed by law. Test Method D 3828 may beused as an alternate with the same limits. Test Method D56may be used as an alternate with the same limits, provided theflash point is below
28、 93C. This test method will give slightlylower values. In cases of dispute, Test Method D93shall beused as the referee method.4.1.3 Cloud PointTest Method D 2500. For all B6 to B20grades in Table 1, Test Method D 7397 and the automatic TestMethods D 5771, D 5772,orD 5773 may be used as alternateswit
29、h the same limits. Test Method D3117may also be usedsince it is closely related to Test Method D 2500. In case ofdispute, Test Method D 2500 shall be the referee test method.4.1.4 Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)Test MethodD 6371.4.1.5 Low Temperature Flow Test (LTFT)Test MethodD 4539.4.1.6 Water a
30、nd SedimentTest Method D 2709.4.1.7 Carbon ResidueTest Method D 524.4.1.8 AshTest Method D 482.4.1.9 DistillationTest Method D86.4.1.10 ViscosityTest Method D 445.4.1.11 SulfurTable 2 shows the referee test methods andalternate test methods for sulfur, the range over which each testmethod applies an
31、d the corresponding fuel grades.4.1.12 AromaticityTest Method D 1319. This test methodprovides an indication of the aromatic content of fuels. Forfuels with a maximum final boiling point of 315C, this testmethod is a measurement of the aromatic content of the fuel.Grade S5000 does not have an aromat
32、ics content.4.1.13 Cetane IndexTest Method D 976.4.1.14 LubricityTest Method D 6079.4.1.15 Copper CorrosionTest Method D 130, 3 h test at50C minimum.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.4Available fro
33、m the National CEN members listed on the CEN website(www.cenorm.be.) or from the CEN/TC 19 Secretariat (astmnen.nl).D 7467 09a24.1.16 Cetane NumberTest Method D 613. Test MethodD 6890 may also be used. In cases of dispute, Test MethodD 613 shall be the referee test method.4.1.17 Oxidation StabilityT
34、est Method EN 14112. Thesubcommittee is aware of potential issues in the current versionwhen used for biodiesel blends. This standard is being revisedto resolve these issues. See X1.16.2 for further information.TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for B6 to B20 Biodiesel BlendsProperty Test MethodGradeB6 t
35、o B20 S15 B6 to B20 S500AB6 to B20 S5000BAcid Number, mg KOH/g, max D 664 0.3 0.3 0.3Viscosity, mm2/s at 40C D 445 1.9-4.1C1.9-4.1C1.9- 4.1CFlash Point, C, min D93 52D52D52DCloud Point, C, max or LTFT/CFPP, C, max D 2500, D 4539, D 6371EE ESulfur Content, (g/g) D 5453 15 . .mass %, max D 2622 . 0.05
36、 .mass %, max D 129 . . 0.50Distillation Temperature, C, 90% vol recovered, max D86 343 343 343Ramsbottom Carbon Residue on 10% bottoms, mass %, max D 524 0.35 0.35 0.35Cetane Number, min D 613F40G40G40GOne of the following must be met:(1) Cetane index, min.D 976-80H40 40 40(2) Aromaticity, %vol, ma
37、x D 1319-03H35 35 .Ash Content, mass%, max D 482 0.01 0.01 0.01Water and Sediment, volume%, max D 2709 0.05 0.05 0.05Copper Corrosion, 3 h at 50C, max D 130 No. 3 No. 3 No. 3Biodiesel Content, % (V/V) D 7371 6. - 20. 6. - 20. 6. - 20.Oxidation Stability, hours, min EN 14112 66 6Lubricity, HFRR at 60
38、C, micron (m), max D 6079 520I520I520IAUnder United States of America regulations, if Grades B6-20 S500 are sold for tax exempt purposes then, at, or beyond terminal storage tanks, they are required by26 CFR Part 48 to contain the dye Solvent Red 164 at a concentration spectrally equivalent to 3.9 l
39、b per thousand barrels of the solid dye standard Solvent Red 164, orthe tax must be collected.BUnder United States of America regulations, Grades B6-20 S5000 are required by 40 CFR part 80 to contain a sufficient amount of the dye Solvent Red 164 so itspresence is visually apparent. At or beyond ter
40、minal storage tanks, they are required by 26 CFR Part 48 to contain the dye Solvent Red 164 at a concentration spectrallyequivalent to 3.9 lb per thousand barrels of the solid dye standard Solvent Red 26.CIf Grade No. 1-D or blends of Grade No. 1-D and Grade No. 2-D diesel fuel are used, the minimum
41、 viscosity shall be 1.3 mm2/s.DIf Grade No. 1-D or blends of Grade No. 1-D and Grade No. 2-D diesel fuel are used, or a cloud point of less than -12C is specified, the minimum flash point shallbe 38C.EIt is unrealistic to specify low temperature properties that will ensure satisfactory operation at
42、all ambient conditions. In general, cloud point (or wax appearance point)Low Temperature Flow Test, and Cold Filter Plugging Point Test may be useful to estimate vehicle low temperature operability limits but their use with B6 to B20 has notbeen validated. However, satisfactory operation below the c
43、loud point (or wax appearance point) may be achieved depending on equipment design, operating conditions,and the use of flow-improver additives as described in X3.1.2. Appropriate low temperature operability properties should be agreed upon between the fuel supplier andpurchaser for the intended use
44、 and expected ambient temperatures. Test Methods D 4539 and D 6371 may be especially useful to estimate vehicle low temperatureoperability limits when flow improvers are used but their use with B6 to B20 from a full range of biodiesel feedstock sources has not been validated. Due to fuel deliverysys
45、tem, engine design, and test method differences, low temperature operability tests may not provide the same degree of protection in various vehicle operating classes.Tenth percentile minimum air temperatures for U.S. locations are provided in Appendix X3 as a means of estimating expected regional te
46、mperatures. The tenth percentileminimum air temperatures may be used to estimate expected regional target temperatures for use with Test Methods D 2500, D 4539, and D 6371. Refer to X3.1.3 forfurther general guidance on test application.FCalculated cetane index approximation, Test Method D 4737, is
47、not applicable to biodiesel blends.GLow ambient temperatures, as well as engine operation at high altitudes, may require the use of fuels with higher cetane ratings. If the diesel fuel is qualified underTable 1 of Specification D 975 for cetane, it is not necessary to measure the cetane number of th
48、e blend. This is because the cetane number of the individual blendcomponents will be at least 40, so the resulting blend will also be at least 40 cetane number.HThese test methods are specified in 40 CFR Part 80.IIf the diesel fuel is qualified under Table 1 of Specification D 975 for lubricity, it
49、is not necessary to measure the lubricity of the blend. This is because the lubricity ofthe individual blend components will be less than 520 micron (m) so the resulting blend will also be less than 520 (m).TABLE 2 Sulfur Test MethodsSulfur Test Method Range Grades Units Used to Report ResultsAD 129(referee)0.1 mass % S5000 mass %D 1266 0.0005 to 0.4 mass %5 to 4000 mg/kg (wt ppm)S500 mass %D 1552 0.06 mass % S5000 mass %D 2622(referee for S500 grades)0.0003 to 5.3 mass %3 to 53 000 mg/kg (wt ppm)all grades mass %D 3120 3.0 to 100 mg/kg (wt
