1、Designation: D 7484 08An American National StandardStandard Test Method forEvaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train WearPerformance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7484; the number immediately following the designation indica
2、tes the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONAny properly equipped laboratory, without ou
3、tside assistance, can use the procedure described inthis test method. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)2provides reference oils and anassessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By these means, the laboratorywill know whether its use of the test method gives
4、 results statistically similar to those obtained byother laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services inseeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes such arequirement in connection with several Army engine
5、lubricating oil specifications.Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.Laboratories that choose not to use these services may simply ignore those portions of the test methodthat refer to the TMC.This test method may be modified by means of infor
6、mation letters issued by the TMC.2In addition,the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the method.1. Scope1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the CumminsISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9-L, dieselengine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used toevalu
7、ate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.1.2 The values stated in either SI units, inch-pound units, orother units are to be regarded separately as the primary units.1.2.1 For each parameter, the primary units are shown first.Secondary units may be shown in parentheses, for informationpur
8、poses only. These secondary units may or may not be exactequivalents to the primary units.1.2.2 SI units are provided for all parameters except wherethere is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads,national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size.1.2.3 See also A8.1 for clarificatio
9、n; it does not supersede1.2.1 and 1.2.2.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory
10、limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 forgeneral safety precautions.1.4 Table of Contents:SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus 6Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents 7Preparation of Apparatus 8Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Referen
11、ce Oil Tests 9Test Procedure 10Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity 11Report 12Precision and Bias 13AnnexesSafety Precautions Annex A1Intake Air Aftercooler Annex A2The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit Annex A3Sensor Locations and Special Hardware Annex A4External Oil System Annex A5Fuel Speci
12、fication Annex A6Cummins Service Publications Annex A7Specified Units and Formats Annex A8Oil Analyses Annex A91This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current
13、 edition approved Oct. 15, 2008. Published November 2008.2ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAvenue, Pittsburgh, PA15206-4489.www.astmtmc.cmu.edu.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Stan
14、dards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper fromPetroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD 235 Sp
15、ecification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPe
16、troleum ProductsD 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD 976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distil-late FuelsD 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by Fluorescent
17、 Indicator AdsorptionD 2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of DistillateFuel Oil (Accelerated Method)D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD 2709 Test Method for Water an
18、d Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD 3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Com-bustion of Aviation FuelsD 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density ofLiquids by Digital Density MeterD 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD 4294 Test
19、 Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD 4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination byPotentiometric Hydrochloric Acid TitrationD 5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lu
20、bricat-ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in BaseOils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)D 5186 Test Method for Determination of the AromaticContent and PolynuclearAromatic Content of Diesel Fuelsand Aviation Turbine Fuels By Supercritical Fluid Chro-mato
21、graphyD 5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD 5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inT-8 Diesel EngineD 6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of DieselFu
22、els by the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder LubricityEvaluator (SLBOCLE)D 6838 Test Method for Cummins M11 High Soot TestD 6975 Test Method for Cummins M11 EGR TestE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE 178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying
23、 ObservationsE 344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-etry3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blind reference oil, na reference oil, the identity ofwhich is unknown by the test facility.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis is a coded reference oil that issubmitted by a source independent from the test
24、 facility.D 41753.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, the com-bustion products and unburned air-and-fuel mixture that enterthe crankcase. D 41753.1.3 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output ofa measuring device with respect to that of a standard. E 3443.1.4 candidate oil, nan oil
25、that is intended to have theperformance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specificationand is to be tested against that specification. D 41753.1.5 crosshead, nan overhead component, located be-tween the rocker arm and each intake-valve and exhaust-valvepair, that transfers rocker arm travel to
26、the opening and closingof each valve pair.3.1.5.1 DiscussionEach cylinder has two crossheads, onefor each pair of intake valves and exhaust valves. D 68383.1.6 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), na method bywhich a portion of engines exhaust is returned to its combus-tion chambers via its inlet system
27、. D 69753.1.7 heavy-duty, adjin internal combustion engine op-eration, characterized by average speeds, power output andinternal temperatures that are close to the potential maximums.D 41753.1.8 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoil, such as a research formulation, commercial oil or
28、candidateoil. D 41753.1.9 non-standard test, na test that is not conducted inconformance with the requirements in the standard testmethod; such as running in an uncalibrated test stand or usingdifferent test equipment, applying different equipment assem-bly procedures, or using modified operating co
29、nditions.D 41753.1.10 overhead, nin internal combustion engines, thecomponents of the valve-train located in or above the cylinderhead. D 68383.1.11 reference oil, nan oil of known performance char-acteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, ww
30、w.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.D74840823.1.11.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other
31、oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact withoils. D 41753.1.12 sludge, nin internal combustion engines, a deposit,principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation prod-ucts from fuel combustion and the lubricant, that does not drainfrom engine parts but can be removed
32、 by wiping with a cloth.D 41753.1.13 test oil, nany oil subjected to evaluation in anestablished procedure. D 41753.1.14 valve-train, nin internal combustion engines, theseries of components such as valves, crossheads, rocker arms,push rods and camshaft, that open and close the intake andexhaust val
33、ves. D 68383.1.15 wear, nthe loss of material from a surface, gener-ally occurring between two surfaces in relative motion, andresulting from mechanical or chemical action or a combinationof both.43.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 lug, vin internal combustion engine operation,
34、torun the engine in a condition characterized by a combinedmode of relatively low-speed and high-power output, with thepotential to cause hesitation.3.2.2 ramp, vto change an engine condition at a pre-scribed rate when changing from one set of operating condi-tions to another set of operating condit
35、ions.3.2.2.1 DiscussionWhen ramping the engine speed downto a condition such that the engine lugs, the speed is forceddown by increasing the load in a such a way that the speedcomes to idle before zero load condition is reached.3.2.3 tappet, nin internal combustion engines, a valve-train component,
36、located between the camshaft and push rod,that transfers cam lobe travel to the rocker arm, opening andclosing a pair of intake or exhaust valves.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method uses a Cummins 5.9-L, ISB dieselengine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and featuringan EPA 2004 emis
37、sions configuration. Test operation includesa 17-min warm-up, an 80-h break-in and a 350-h test cyclecomprising stages A and B. During stage A the engine isoperated with retarded, fuel-injection timing to generate excesssoot; during stage B the engine is operated at cyclic conditionsto induce valve-
38、train wear.4.2 Prior to each test, the engine is cleaned and assembledwith new, valve-train components. All aspects of the assemblyare specified.4.3 A forced oil drain, an oil sampling, and an oil additionare performed at the end of each 25-h period for the first 100h of the test. Thereafter, oil sa
39、mples are taken every 50 h. Oiladditions are not made during the last 250 h of the test cycle.4.4 The test stand is equipped with the appropriate instru-mentation to control engine speed, fuel flow and other operat-ing parameters.4.5 Oil performance is determined by assessing crossheadwear, tappet w
40、eight loss and camshaft wear.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method was developed to assess the perfor-mance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wearunder operating conditions selected to accelerate soot produc-tion and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooledfour-cycle d
41、iesel engine with sliding tappet followers equippedwith exhaust gas recirculation hardware.5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method isrepresentative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. Thisfactor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall beconsidered when extrapol
42、ating test results.6. Apparatus6.1 Test-Engine Configuration:6.1.1 Test EngineThe Cummins ISB is a 5.9-L, in-line,six-cylinder, diesel engine. It is turbocharged, aftercooled, andhas an overhead valve configuration. It features a 2004emissions configuration with electronic control of fuel meter-ing
43、and common rail fuel injection. Obtain the test engine andthe engine build parts kit from the Central Parts Distributor(CPD).5,6The components of the engine build parts kit areshown in Table A3.1.6.1.2 Remote Oil Heat Exchanger and Bypass PlateRemove the stock oil heat exchanger from the engine andr
44、eplace with a bypass plate (part number ISB-OCBP)5,6shownin Fig. A4.1. Attach a remote bypass (part number 149-0118-00)6,7to the filter head, as shown in Fig. A4.2. The bypassallows control of the oil temperature by directing the oil to flowthrough a 76 mm 3 102 mm (3 in. 3 14 in.) dual-pass, remote
45、oil heat exchanger (part number SN16-003-014-004)6,8asshown in Fig. A4.3. The oil lines to and from the remote oilheat exchanger and filter head shall not be greater than one 1m long and shall be 19.3 mm (% in.) nominal outer diametertubing (Aeroquip9“-12” or equivalent).6.1.3 Oil Pan ModificationMo
46、dify the oil pan as shown inFig. A4.4.6.1.4 Engine Control Module (ECM)Obtain the ECMfrom the CPD.5,6Information about the ECM is given in aCummins publication.10,11Use the latest Cummins engineeringtools11to retard injection timing in order to increase soot4Glossary of Terms and their Definitions,
47、Published by ASTM Test MonitoringCenter and available under Subcommittee B Glossary section on the TMC website,www.astmtmc.cmu.edu.5This CPD is the sole source of supply of the test engine, engine build parts kitand the ECM known to the committee at this time is Test Engineering, Inc., 12718Cimarron
48、 Path, Suite 102, San Antonio, TX 78249-3423, www.tei-.6If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.7The sole source of supply of this bypa
49、ss known to the committee at this timeis W G Sourcing, Inc., 2650 Pleasantdale Road #10, Atlanta, GA 30340. www.wg-.8The sole source of supply of the remote oil heat exchanger known to thecommittee at this time is Kinetic Engineering Corporation, 2055 Silber Road, Suite101, Houston, TX 77055. .9Aeroquip lines are available at a local hose distributors.10Troubleshooting and Repair Manual ISB, ISBe, QSB 4.5, QSB 5.9, QSB 6.7,ISC, QSC 8.3, ISL and QSL 9 Engines, CM 850 Electronic Control System Engines,Bulletin Number
