1、Designation: D7586/D7586M 11Standard Test Method forQuantification of Air Intrusion in Low-Sloped MechanicallyAttached Membrane Roof Assemblies1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7586/D7586M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or
2、, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method provides a laboratory technique fordetermining the air intrusi
3、on in low-sloped mechanicallyattached membrane roof assemblies under specified negativeair pressures differences.1.2 This test method is intended to measure only airintrusion associated with the opaque roof assembly free frompenetrations such as those associated with mechanical devices,roof junction
4、s, and terminations.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in
5、non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitat
6、ions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and WaterproofingE283 Test Method for Determining Rate of Air LeakageThrough Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and DoorsUnder Specified Pressure Differences Across the SpecimenE631 Terminology of Buildi
7、ng ConstructionsE2357 Test Method for Determining Air Leakage of AirBarrier Assemblies3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of general terms relating to roofing andbuilding construction used in this test method, refer to Termi-nologies D1079 and E631.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.
8、2.1 air intrusionthe mechanism by which indoor airenters into a roof assembly but does not escape to the exteriorenvironment.3.2.2 air leakagethe movement/flow of air from oneenvironmental condition to the other environmental conditionthrough the building envelope assembly which is driven byeither p
9、ositive or negative pressure differences, or both acrossthe envelope assembly.3.2.3 extraneous leakage, L/s (ft3/min)the volume of airflowing per unit time into the bottom test chamber due to itsleakiness, under a pressure difference.3.2.4 flow rate, L/sthe volume of air flow per unit time.3.2.5 spe
10、cimen air intrusion, L (ft3)the volume of airintruding into the membrane assembly specimen under a testpressure difference.3.2.6 test pressure difference, Pa (lbf/ft2)the specifieddifference in static air pressures across the membrane assemblyspecimen.3.2.7 standard conditionsdry air at a pressure o
11、f 101 kPa(29 in. Hg), temperature of 21C (69F) and air density of 1.2kg/m3(0.075 lb/ft3).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test consists of installing a mechanically attachedmembrane assembly specimen between two chambers; specifi-cally an airtight bottom chamber into which air flows and a topchamber
12、 that exhausts air at a rate required to maintain thespecified negative pressure across the membrane assemblyspecimen. The resultant air intrusion into the membraneassembly specimen is measured from the airflow measurementsystem installed on the bottom chamber.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test me
13、thod can be useful in understanding theresponse of low-sloped mechanically attached membrane roof-ing assemblies to air pressure differences induced across theassembly.5.2 This test method can be useful in understanding the roleof different roofing components in providing resistance to airintrusion
14、into the membrane roofing assembly.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofingand Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.20 onRoofing Membrane Systems.Current edition approved March 1, 2011. Published March 2011. DOI: 10.1520/D7586_D7586M-1
15、1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Bo
16、x C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.3 When applying the results of tests by this test method,note that the performance of a roof or its components, or both,may be a function of proper installation and adjustment.5.4 This test method subjects the roof specimen to negativestatic
17、pressures, as it is difficult to simulate the complexenvironmental conditions that can be encountered in service,including rapidly changing pressures due to wind gusting.5.5 This test method does not purport to establish all criterianecessary for the consideration of air intrusion in the design ofa
18、roof assembly. The results are intended to be used forcomparison purposes and may not represent the field installedperformance of the roof assembly.6. Test Apparatus6.1 This description of the apparatus is general in nature,and any arrangement of the equipment capable of performingthe test method wi
19、thin the allowable tolerances is permitted.6.2 The major components of the test apparatus are (see Fig.1):6.2.1 Pressure BoxThe pressure box shall consist of twotest chambers designated as the top chamber and the bottomchamber.6.2.1.1 Top ChamberThe interior length and width di-mension of top chambe
20、r shall be 6.1 m (20 ft) long and 2.44 m(8 ft) wide, respectively. It shall have a minimum height of0.9 m (3 ft) and should be movable. To measure the chamberpressure, it shall be fitted with at least one pressure tap.Provision shall be made for an opening on the top chamberthrough which the pipe ne
21、twork will be installed and connectedto the blower. The pipe network shall have a control valve forcreating different negative pressures on the membrane assem-bly specimen. The top chamber shall be provided with windowopenings to view the membrane assembly specimen response.To facilitate the control
22、 of test pressures that is applied over themembrane assembly specimen, the top chamber shall be wellsealed by appropriate sealing products.NOTE 1Sealing products such as non-hardening mastic compounds orpressure-sensitive tape can be used to achieve the air tightness in theconstruction of the pressu
23、re chamber, to seal the membrane assemblyspecimen to the bottom chamber, to seal the access door to the chamberand at all other location where effective sealing is required.6.2.1.2 Bottom ChamberIt is a closed chamber with theinterior length and width dimension of 6.1 m (20 ft) long and2.44 m (8 ft)
24、 wide, respectively. It shall have a minimum heightof 0.9 m (3 ft) and shall be fixed to the ground. The membraneassembly specimen is installed horizontally at the top of thebottom chamber (see Fig. 3) supporting on a height adjustablelever, which can accommodate membrane roof assemblies withdiffere
25、nt thickness. At least one pressure tap shall be providedin the bottom chamber to measure the chamber pressures. Itshall be fitted with a relief control valve to discharge the airafter the application of each differential pressure on the testspecimen in the top chamber. Provision shall be made for a
26、nopening on the bottom chamber through which the airflowmeasurement system shall be installed. To facilitate adjustmentand observations after the membrane assembly specimen hasbeen installed, it shall be provided with means of access intothe chamber. Extraneous leakage into the chamber should bemini
27、mized by applying suitable sealing products (see Note 1)to ensure that the airflow due to extraneous leakage does notexceed the airflow measured through the airflow measurementsystem.6.2.2 Air SystemA controllable blower designed to pro-vide the required airflow at the specified negative pressures.T
28、he blower shall be capable of creating suction pressures of5 kPa (100 psf).FIG. 1 Air Intrusion Test ApparatusD7586/D7586M 1126.2.3 Pressure Measuring ApparatusAdevice for measur-ing the test pressure difference within a tolerance of 62%ofthe reading or 62.5 Pa (0.05 psf), whichever is greater.6.2.4
29、 Airflow Measurement SystemA flow-measuring de-vice with a 2 in. diameter opening and a flow capacity of18.8 L/s (40 cfm). It should be capable of measuring theairflow with an accuracy of 0.8 % of the reading.6.2.5 Data Acquisition SystemA computer based systemcapable of reading and recording the pr
30、essure and airflowmeasurements with time scale.7. Test Specimen7.1 Different components of the membrane assembly speci-men shall be installed and constructed on the top of the bottomchamber (see Fig. 3) according to the recommendations of theparty commissioning the test.7.2 The perimeter edges of th
31、e structural deck shall be flushto the interior of the bottom chamber and shall be sealed to thebottom chamber using suitable sealing products as shown inFigs. 2 and 3. This is crucial to ensure that the deck seams orjoints are the flow paths and not the deck edges.7.3 When insulated membrane assemb
32、ly specimens aretested, the top surface of the insulation board shall be flushwith the top edges of the bottom chamber.7.4 To ensure that edges of the waterproofing component orthe roofing membrane are not the flow paths during the airintrusion testing, the roofing membrane shall have a minimumoverh
33、ang of 600 mm (24 in.) on all the four sides and shall besealed to the outside of the bottom chamber as shown in Figs.2 and 3 by suitable sealing products (see Note 1).8. Calibration8.1 Perform calibration by installing a 19 6 3mm(34 618in.) thick tongue and groove plywood deck in the bottom testcha
34、mber. The edge treatment shall be the same as those usedfor the membrane assembly specimens (see 7.2). Install acontinuous sheet of waterproofing membrane on the plywooddeck. The membrane(s) being tested may be used for calibra-tion or at least as determined by the party commission the test.It shall
35、 be loose laid with its overhang edges sealed to thebottom chamber as shown in Fig. 2 by using suitable sealingproducts (see Note 1).8.2 Make a 150 mm (6 in.) diameter hole through themembrane sheet and plywood for mounting a National Instituteof Standards and Technology (NIST) traceable orifice pla
36、te.8.3 The NIST traceable orifice plate shall be constructed of3mm(18 in.) thick stainless steel having an outside diameterof 200 mm (8 in.) and containing an interior square edgediameter of 25.40 mm (1 in.).NOTE 2Calibrated orifice plates traceable to NIST may be obtainedby using the method in Anne
37、x 2 of Test Method E283.FIG. 2 Calibration SetupFIG. 3 Membrane Assembly Specimen Air Intrusion SetupD7586/D7586M 1138.4 The orifice plate with its hole centred over the 150 mm(6 in.) diameter hole made through the membrane and ply-wood, and seal the orifice plate with suitable sealing product(see N
38、ote 1) to prevent perimeter leakage as shown in Fig. 2.8.5 Seal the orifice hole with a suitable sealing product (seeNote 1).8.6 Connect the air system and the airflow measurementsystem as shown in Fig. 2. With the relief valve closed,measure the extraneous leakage of the bottom chamber at thenegati
39、ve air pressure differences of 75 Pa (1.5 psf), 120 Pa (2.5psf), 240 Pa (5.01 psf), 360 Pa (7.5 psf), 480 Pa (10 psf), and600 Pa (12.5 psf).8.7 Express the measured extraneous leakage of the bottomchamber in terms of flow at standard conditions. Using anygraph plotting software tool, plot the data b
40、etween airflowversus pressure difference and establish the relationship byfitting the data with power law trend line as given below:Qe5 cDP!n(1)where:Qe= air flow or extraneous leakage, L/s (ft3/min),c = flow coefficient,DP = pressure difference, andn = an exponent indicating the flow types or openi
41、ngs.8.8 After determining the extraneous leakage, remove theseal on the orifice hole and repeat the calibration pressures asin 8.6 to determine the total measured airflow, Qt.8.9 Express the total measured flow, Qt, in term of flow atstandard conditions and determine the orifice flow, Qo,asfollows:Q
42、o5 Qt Qe(2)8.10 Calibration shall consist of comparing the orifice flow,Qo, determined through the airflow measurement system withthe nominal flow of the reference 25.40 mm (1 in.) orifice plateas indicated in Table 1.8.11 The airflow measurement system shall be consideredwithin the limits of calibr
43、ation when the maximum airflowreading in the airflow measurement system does not exceed thehighest calibrated nominal orifice airflow value by 20 %.8.12 Calibration shall be performed as required by the partycommissioning the test.9. Test Procedure9.1 With the membrane assembly specimen constructed
44、inthe bottom chamber and covered with the removable topchamber, the test procedure comprises of measuring the extra-neous leakage of the bottom chamber and air intrusion of thetest specimen.9.2 Ensure that the top chamber is tightly fixed to thebottom chamber during the test to make sure that no mem
45、braneslippage occurs.NOTE 3Clamping devices or gaskets may be used for tightening thetop chamber to the bottom chamber.9.3 To measure the extraneous leakage, connect the airsystem and the airflow measurement system as shown in Fig. 2.With the relief valve closed, measure the extraneous leakage ofthe
46、 bottom chamber at the negative air pressure differences of75 Pa (1.5 psf), 120 Pa (2.5 psf), 240 Pa (5.01 psf), 360 Pa(7.5 psf), 480 Pa (10 psf), and 600 Pa (12.5 psf).9.4 Express the measured extraneous leakage of the bottomchamber in terms of flow at standard conditions and plot therelationship b
47、etween the air flow and pressure difference as perEq 1 as described in 8.7.9.5 To measure the air intrusion of the test specimen,connect the air systems pipe network along with control valveto the opening of the top chamber, and connect the airflowmeasurement system with the control valve to the ope
48、ning onthe bottom chamber as shown in Fig. 3.9.6 The air intrusion quantification of the test specimenshall be determined by following the below procedure ofdepressurization technique:9.6.1 Close the relief valve on the bottom chamber and openthe control valve on the airflow measurement system.9.6.2
49、 Apply a negative pressure of 240 Pa (5 psf) by theadjustment of the control valve on the air system.9.6.3 As the negative pressure builds and reaches thestabilization, using the data acquisition system record thepressure difference across the specimen (top and bottomchamber) and measure the air intrusion rate through the airflowmeasurement system.9.6.4 Allow the negative pressure application for timeduration of 5 min, after which stop the pressure application.9.6.5 Close the control valve on the air flow measurementsystem to prevent the back flow of air and
