1、Designation: D7635/D7635M 10Standard Test Method forMeasurement of Thickness of Coatings Over FabricReinforcement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7635/D7635M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers measuring the thickness of thecoating over fiber backing or reinforcing fabric.1.2 Th
3、e values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the st
4、andard.1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and det
5、er-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4434 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Sheet Roof-ingE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDete
6、rmine the Precision of a Test MethodMEASUREMENT METHOD3. Principle3.1 The thickness of coating material over fiber, fabric, orscrim can be measured with a standard or digital optical orreflectance microscope. Measurement is made with a calibratedviewing device.4. Apparatus4.1 Microscope,30to1003 mag
7、nification capability.4.1.1 Light SourceIf the light source on the microscope isnot adequate, use a small high-intensity lamp.4.1.2 Stage Micrometer, 25 m 0.001 in. divisions.4.2 Calibrated Viewing DeviceA digital or analog devicedesigned to provide an enlarged electronic image with calibra-tions to
8、 provide measurements.5. Calibration Procedure5.1 Place a standard reflectance stage micrometer or cali-brated sample blocks in place of the specimen.5.2 Turn on the light source.5.3 Position the viewing device (calibrated reticule or cam-era) such that the scales are superimposed. For electronicima
9、ging, place the calibrated scale marker on the microscopestage. Focus the viewing device on the specimen.5.4 Calibrate using micrometer or calibrated sample blocksto nearest 10 m.5.5 If using digital image for calibration step, record reso-lution and magnification of calibration image.6. Specimen Pr
10、eparation6.1 Make a clean cut perpendicular to the plane of thespecimen, normal to one of the thread intersections, completelythrough the sheet exposing the area to be measured (see Fig. 1).6.2 Remove the razor-cut section and mount with the cutsurface (analytical plane) facing downward into a sampl
11、e clip.Secure sample clip in 3.175-cm 1.25-in. sample cup with cap.Use a piece of double-sided tape to securely attach clip to thecap part of the cup. Record sample orientation and positionwithin cup. Multiclips can be used for mounting multiplesamples per mount. Assure all that all samples are orie
12、ntednormal to the plane of the sample cup cap.6.3 Mixed long-cure epoxy at a ratio of 6.3 parts resin to onepart hardener, per volume. A 3.175-cm 1.25-in. mountrequires 19 ml of epoxy.6.4 The mounts are allowed to cure for at least 24 h atambient temperature and humidity.1This test method is under t
13、he jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofingand Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.18 onNonbituminous Organic Roof Coverings.Current edition approved June 1, 2010. Published July 2010. DOI: 10.1520/D7635_D7635M10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM websi
14、te, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United State
15、s.6.5 After curing (24 hours), polish using the procedureexhibited in Table 1. Clean and dry mounts after each step toinsure that all lubricant and polishing compound are removedto prevent contamination in subsequent polishing steps.7. Specimen Analysis7.1 During analyses use the same image resoluti
16、on andmagnification used for calibration.7.2 Observe the cut surface. Measure the thickness of thecoating over three of the Machine direction threads, and threeof the cross-machine direction threads (ignore tie yarn scrim ifpresent) (see Fig. 2 and Fig. 3).7.3 Average all the results.7.4 If using el
17、ectronic imaging technology, save all of theimage files generated for archiving.8. Calculation and Report8.1 Report the average results from all areas measured asstatistically representative of overall film thickness of the filmto the nearest 10 m 0.0005 in. and the estimated orcalculated standard d
18、eviation.9. Precision and Bias9.1 Precision StatementThe precision of this specificationis based on an interlaboratory study (ILS) of D4434-06,Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Sheet Roof-ing, conducted in 2008 and submitted under number ILS-351.Analysts from six laboratories tested t
19、hree different coatingsunder four different conditions. Every “test result” representsan individual determination. Each laboratory was asked toreport five replicate measurements for each material. Exceptfor the use of data from only five laboratories, Practice E691was followed for the design and ana
20、lysis of the data; the detailsare given in ASTM Research Report No. D08-1014.33Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D08-1014.FIG. 1 Schematic of Preparation Illustrating Cuts Normal to Scrim DirectionsTABLE 1 Recommend
21、ed Metallographic Polishing ProcedureGrinding Lubricant TimeMin:SecPressureKPa psiWheelSpeedRPMMaterial Removed(approximate)mm mils320 Grit Water 0:30 241.2 35 300 0.7 28400 Grit Water 0:30 241.2 35 300 0.5 19600 Grit Water 0:30 241.2 35 300 0.25 10800 Grit Water 0:30 241.2 35 300 0.13 56 m diamond/
22、cloth Oil 3:00 241.2 35 200 0.025 13 m diamond/cloth Oil 3:00 241.2 35 200 0.013 0.50.05 m colloidal Si/cloth 1:30 206.84 30 150 0.003 0.1D7635/D7635M 1029.1.1 Repeatability Limit (r)Two test results obtainedwithin one laboratory shall be judged not equivalent if theydiffer by more than the “r” valu
23、e for that material; “r”istheinterval representing the critical difference between two testresults for the same material, obtained by the same operatorusing the same equipment on the same day in the samelaboratory.9.1.1.1 Repeatability limits are listed in Table 2 and Table 3below.9.1.2 Reproducibil
24、ity Limit (R)Two test results shall bejudged not equivalent if they differ by more than the “R” valuefor that material; “R” is the interval representing the criticaldifference between two test results for the same material,obtained by different operators using different equipment indifferent laborat
25、ories.9.1.2.1 Reproducibility limits from ILS 351 are listed inTable 2 and Table 3 below.FIG. 2 Representative Area Over Cross Machine Direction ThreadNOTEWeft yarns are indicated and excluded from measurement because of their insignificant area of film coverage relative to the major scrim threads.F
26、IG. 3 Representative Area Over Machine Direction ThreadD7635/D7635M 1039.1.3 The above terms (repeatability limit and reproducibil-ity limit) are used as specified in Practice E177.9.1.4 Any judgment in accordance with statement 9.1.2would normally have an approximate 95 % probability ofbeing correc
27、t, however the precision statistics obtained in thisILS must not be treated as exact mathematical quantities whichare applicable to all circumstances and uses. The limitednumber of materials tested and laboratories reporting resultsguarantees that there will be times when differences greaterthan pre
28、dicted by the ILS results will arise, sometimes withconsiderably greater or smaller frequency than the 95 %probability limit would imply. Consider the reproducibilitylimit as general guides, and the associated probability of 95 %as only a rough indicator of what can be expected.9.2 BiasThe bias stat
29、ement of this test method is based onan interlaboratory study of D4434, Standard Specification forPoly (Vinyl Chloride) Sheet Roofing, conducted in 2009,submitted under ILS 511. Five laboratories participated in thisstudy. Each of the five labs reported a single test result for fourdifferent certifi
30、ed reference materials. Every “test result” re-ported represents an individual determination. Except for theuse of only five laboratories, and the absence of replicate data,Practice E691 was followed for the design and analysis of thedata; the details are given in ASTM Research Report No.D08-1015.4T
31、he bias reported for each material in Table 4 isbased on the average difference from the known or certifiedvalue as reported by Defelsko Corporation, Certificate Number08-127081. Date of Calibration, December 12, 2008.9.3 The bias statement was determined through statisticalexamination of 20 results
32、, from five laboratories, on fourmaterials.A. White: 0.9845 mm 38.76 mils (S/N 011710)B. Yellow: 0.5014 mm 19.74 mils (S/N 011709)C. Brown: 0.2578 mm 10.15 mils (S/N 011708)D. Blue: 0.1283 mm 5.05 mils (S/N 011707)9.3.1 To judge the equivalency of two test results, it isrecommended to choose the mat
33、erial closest in characteristicsto the test material.4Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D08-1015.TABLE 2 Machine Direction (mm mils)NOTEActual measurements conducted using mils.Top Film AverageARepeatabilityStandard
34、DeviationReproducibilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityLimitAverageThicknesssrsRrR07-007 0.6343 24.974 0.0132 0.517 0.0142 0.560 0.0368 1.445 0.0399 1.57007-010 0.6196 24.395 0.0078 0.308 0.0146 0.576 0.0219 0.863 0.0410 1.613807-016 0.6265 24.666 0.0160 0.628 0.0160 0.628 0.0447
35、1.759 0.0447 1.759AThe average of the laboratories calculated averages.TABLE 3 Cross-Machine Direction (mm mils)NOTEActual measurements conducted using mils.Top Film AverageARepeatabilityStandardDeviationReproducibilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityLimitAverageThicknesssrsRrR07-0
36、07 0.6009 23.656 0.0151 0.593 0.0152 0.598 0.0422 1.660 0.0425 1.67507-010 0.5968 23.498 0.0077 0.303 0.0079 0.312 0.0216 0.849 0.0222 0.87407-016 0.6002 23.628 0.0095 0.373 0.0122 0.479 0.0265 1.045 0.0340 1.340AThe average of the laboratories calculated averages.TABLE 4 Thickness (mm mils)NOTEActu
37、al measurements conducted using mils.Material AverageARepeatabilityStandardDeviationReproducibilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityLimitBiasxsrsRrR%A 1.0034 39.505 . 0.0225 0.885 . 0.0630 2.479 1.92 %B 0.5075 19.981 . 0.0119 0.469 . 0.0333 1.312 0.926C 0.2557 10.067 . 0.00114 0.045
38、 . 0.0032 0.126 -0.81 %D 0.1376 5.416 . 0.00841 0.331 . 0.0235 0.926 7.26 %AThe average of the laboratories calculated averages.D7635/D7635M 10410. Keywords10.1 coating; fabric reinforcement; film; optical micros-copy; scrim; thicknessASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of a
39、ny patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to re
40、vision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. You
41、r comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copy
42、righted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D7635/D7635M 105
