1、Designation: D7719 13D7719 14Standard Specification forHigh-Octane Unleaded Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7719; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pare
2、ntheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers formulating specifications for purchases of a high-octane (MON) unleaded fuel under contract andis intended solely for use
3、 by purchasing agencies.21.2 This specification defines a specific type of high-octane (MON) unleaded fuel for use as an aviation spark-ignition fuel. Itdoes not include all fuels satisfactory for reciprocating aviation engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit awider, or require a
4、narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification.1.3 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribes the required properties of unleaded fuel at the time and place ofdelivery.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measureme
5、nt are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitatio
6、ns prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric PressureD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)D87
7、3 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels (Potential Residue Method)D1094 Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation FuelsD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petrol
8、eum Products byHydrometer MethodD2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate FuelsD2700 Test Method for Motor
9、Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Absorption SpectroscopyD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4171 Specifica
10、tion for Fuel System Icing InhibitorsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precisio
11、n Method)D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation Fuels1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the dir
12、ect responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.J0D02.J0.02 on Aviation J2 Spark and Compression Ignition Aviation Engine Fuels.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013May 1, 2014. Published January 2014May 2014. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 20122013 asD7719 12.D7719 13. DOI: 10
13、.1520/D7719-13.10.1520/D7719-14.2 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1721.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book
14、of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technica
15、lly possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this sta
16、ndardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray SpectroscopyD5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Automatic Method) (Withdrawn 2012)4D5191 Test Method for Vap
17、or Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 aviation gasoline fuel, nfuel possessing specific properties suitable for operating aircraft powered by reciprocatings
18、park-ignition engines.3.1.2 binary, adjcharacterized by, or consisting of, two components.3.1.3 biomass, nbiological material including any material other than fossil fuels which is or was a living organism orcomponent or product of a living organism.3.1.4 high-octane, adjpossessing a Motor octane n
19、umber (MON) greater than 100.4. General4.1 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribes the required properties of a binary aviation fuel at the time andplace of delivery.5. Classification5.1 One grade of high-octane unleaded fuel is provided, known as UL102.6. Materials and Manufacture
20、6.1 High-octane unleaded fuel, except as otherwise specified in this specification, shall consist of blends of refined reformatehydrocarbons. The sources for these hydrocarbons include biomass, natural gas, or crude petroleum.6.1.1 See Appendix X1 for one particular composition that meets the parame
21、ters of Table 1.6.2 AdditivesThese can be added to each grade of high-octane unleaded aviation fuel in the amount, and of the composition,specified in the following list of approved materials:6.2.1 DyesThe total maximum concentration of dye in the fuel is 6.0 mg/L.6.2.1.1 The only blue dye present i
22、n the finished fuel shall be essentially 1,4-dialkylaminoanthraquinone.6.2.1.2 The only yellow dyes in the finished fuel shall be essentially p-diethylaminoazobenzene (Color Index No. 11021) or1,3-benzenediol 2,4-bis (alkylphenyl)azo-.TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for High-Octane Unleaded FuelOctane
23、 Ratings Grade UL102 ASTM Test MethodKnock value, Motor Octane Number min 102.2 D2700Density at 15C, kg/m3 min 790 D1298 or D4052max 825Distillation D86Initial boiling point, C Report D86Fuel Evaporated D8610 volume % at C max 75 D8640 volume % at C min 75 D8650 volume % at C max 165 D8690 volume %
24、at C max 165 D86Final boiling point, C max 180 D86Sum of 10 % + 50 % evaporatedtemperatures, Cmin 135 D86Recovery, volume % min 97 D86Residue, volume % max 1.5 D86Loss, volume % max 1.5 D86Vapor pressure, 37.8C, kPa min 38.0 D323, D5190 , orD5191Vapor pressure, 37.8C, kPa min 38.0 D323 orD5191max 49
25、.0Freezing point, C max -58 D2386Sulfur, mass % max 0.05 D1266 or D2622Net heat of combustion, MJ/kg min 41.5 D4809Corrosion, copper strip, 2 h at 100C max No. 1 D130Oxidation stability (5 h aging) D873Potential gum, mg/100 mL max 6Water reaction D1094Volume change, mL max 2Electrical conductivity,
26、pS/m max 450 D2624Tetraethyl Lead, g Pb/L max 0.013 D3237 or D5059D7719 1426.2.1.3 The only red dye present in the finished fuel shall be essentially alkyl derivatives of azobenzene-4-azo-2-naphthol.6.2.1.4 The only orange dye present in the finished fuel shall be essentially benzene-azo-2-napthol (
27、Color Index No. 12055).6.2.2 Other AdditivesThese may be added in the amount and of the composition specified in the following list of approvedmaterials. The quantities and types shall be declared by the manufacturer.Additives added after the point of manufacture shall alsobe declared.6.2.2.1 Antiox
28、idantsThe following oxidation inhibitors may be added to the fuel separately, or in combination, in totalconcentration not to exceed 12 mg of inhibitor (not including weight of solvent) per litre of fuel.(1) 2,6-ditertiary butyl-4-methylphenol.(2) 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary butylphenol.(3) 2,6-ditertia
29、ry butylphenol.(4) 75 % minimum 2,6-ditertiary butylphenol plus 25 % maximum mixed tertiary and tritertiary butylphenols.(5) 75 % minimum di- and tri-isopropyl phenols plus 25 % maximum di- and tri-tertiary butylphenols.(6) 72 % minimum 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary butylphenol plus 28 % maximum monomethy
30、l and dimethyl tertiary butylphenols.(7) N,N-di-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine.(8) N,N-di-secondary-butyl-para-phenylenediamine.6.2.2.2 Fuel System Icing Inhibitor (FSII)One of the following materials may be used:(1) Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA, propan-2-ol), in accordance with the requirements of Speci
31、fication D4171 (Type II). May be usedin concentrations recommended by the aircraft manufacturer when required by the aircraft owner/operator.(2) Di-Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (Di-EGME), conforming to the requirements of Specification D4171 (Type III).May be used in concentrations of 0.10 to 0.
32、15 volume % when required by the aircraft owner/operator.(3) Test Method D5006 can be used to determine the concentration of Di-EGME in aviation fuels.NOTE 1Addition of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) may reduce knock ratings below minimum specification values.6.2.2.3 Electrical Conductivity AdditiveStadis
33、450 in concentrations up to 3 mg/Lis permitted. When loss of fuel conductivitynecessitates retreatment with electrical conductivity additive, further addition is permissible6.2.2.4 Corrosion Inhibitor AdditiveThe following corrosion inhibitors may be added to the fuel in concentrations not toexceed
34、the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) listed for each additive.DCI-4A MAC = 24.0 g/m3DCI-6A MAC = 15.0 g/m3HITEC 580 MAC = 22.5 g/m3NALCO 5403 MAC = 22.5 g/m3NALCO 5405 MAC = 11.0 g/m3UNICOR J MAC = 22.5 g/m3SPEC-AID 8Q22 MAC = 24.0 g/m3TOLAD 351 MAC = 24.0 g/m3TOLAD 4410 MAC = 22.5 g/m37. Detai
35、led Requirements7.1 The high-octane unleaded fuel shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.7.2 Test results shall not exceed the maximum or be less than the minimum values specified in Table 1. No allowance shall bemade for the precision of the test methods. To determine the conforman
36、ce to the specification requirement, a test result may berounded to the same number of significant figures as in Table 1 using Practice E29. Where multiple determinations are made, theaverage result, rounded according to Practice E29, shall be used.8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance8.1 The high-
37、octane unleaded fuel specified in this specification shall be free from undissolved water, sediment, and suspendedmatter. No substances of known dangerous toxicity, under usual conditions of handling and use, shall be present except aspermitted in this specification.9. Sampling9.1 Because of the imp
38、ortance of proper sampling procedures in establishing fuel quality, use the appropriate procedures inPractice D4057 or Practice D4177.9.1.1 Although automatic sampling following Practice D4177 may be useful in certain situations, initial manufacturer/supplierspecification compliance testing shall be
39、 performed on a sample taken following procedures in Practice D4057.9.2 A number of high-octane unleaded fuel properties, including copper corrosion, electrical conductivity, and others are verysensitive to trace contamination which can originate from sample containers. For recommended sample contai
40、ners, refer to PracticeD4306.10. Reports10.1 The type and number of reports to ensure conformance with the requirements of this specification shall be mutually agreedto by the purchaser and the supplier of the high-octane unleaded fuel.D7719 14311. Test Methods11.1 The requirements enumerated in thi
41、s specification shall be determined in accordance with the following ASTM testmethods:11.1.1 Knock Value (Lean Rating)Test Method D2700.11.1.2 Tetraethyl LeadTest Methods D3237 or D5059.11.1.3 DensityTest Methods D1298 or D4052.11.1.4 DistillationTest Method D86.11.1.5 Freezing PointTest Method D238
42、6.11.1.6 Vapor PressureTest Methods D323, D5190, or D5191.11.1.7 Net Heat of CombustionTest Method D4809.11.1.8 SulfurTest Methods D1266 or D2622.11.1.9 Corrosion (Copper Strip)Test Method D130, 2 h test at 100C in bomb.11.1.10 Potential Gum and Visible Lead PrecipitateTest Method D873 except that w
43、herever the letter X occurs (referring tooxidation time) insert the number 5, designating the number of hours prescribed in this specification.11.1.11 Water ReactionTest Method D1094.11.1.12 Electrical ConductivityTest Method D2624.12. Keywords12.1 aviation fuel; binary; high-octane; unleadedAPPENDI
44、X(Nonmandatory Information)X1. BINARY FUEL COMPOSITIONX1.1 IntroductionX1.1.1 A new high-octane unleaded fuel has been developed for reciprocating aircraft engines. The two essential performanceparameters of MON and VP are inversely related with respect to composition and thus can uniquely define a
45、composition rangeof the two components. The values for VP and MON in Table 1 reflect the limiting values of the two components. The binary fuelexhibits a higher volumetric energy density (net heat of combustion times density) which is of great performance interest, althoughnot explicitly stated in T
46、able 1. The distillation parameters reflect the binary compositional effects. This is an unleaded fuel, so thelimit of TEL in Table 1 is the same as is used in Specification D4814 for mogas and is meant to mitigate unintentionalcontamination by TEL. Lastly, references to dyes remain in the specifica
47、tion so that test groups may use them as necessary. Thisspecification covers a high-octane unleaded fuel developed for existing spark-ignition aircraft engines.X1.2 CompositionX1.2.1 The origin of the fuel lies in two essential engine performance parameters: Motor Octane Number, and Vapor Pressure.
48、Fig.X1.1 shows the inverse relationship of these two parameters as a function of mesitylene composition.X1.2.2 These two parameters coupled with the fact that the fuel is a binary composition, fix the effective composition range asfollows:(1) High-Octane Composition: 84% mesitylene 16% isopentane(2)
49、 High Limit Reid Composition 79% mesitylene 21% isopentaneX1.2.3 These limits are proposed to define the binary fuels test fuel specification composition.D7719 144SUMMARY OF CHANGESSubcommittee D02.J0 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D7719 13) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2014.)(1) Removed Test Method D5190 from Section 2, subsection 11.1.6, and Table 1.SUMMARY OF CHANGESSubcommittee D02.J0 has identified the location of selected changes to this sta
