1、Designation: D8029 17aStandard Specification forBiodegradable, Low Aquatic Toxicity Hydraulic Fluids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8029; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers performance requirements forbiodegradable hydraulic fluids with low aquatic toxicity usedin industrial
3、/mobile hydraulic applications.1.2 In some cases, biodegradable fluids have been found toperform differently than traditional mineral oils, thus separateperformance requirements are desirable.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It
4、 is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on
5、standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points
6、 by ClevelandOpen Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D664 Test Method
7、for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics ofInhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of WaterD892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-ing OilsD943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of InhibitedMineral Oil
8、sD974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD1401 Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oilsand Synthetic FluidsD2070 Test Method
9、for Thermal Stability of Hydraulic OilsD2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-matic Viscosity at 40 C and 100 CD2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Vis-cosity SystemD2983 Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Au-tomatic Transmission Fluids, Hydraulic Fluids
10、, and Lubri-cants using a Rotational ViscometerD3427 Test Method for Air Release Properties of Hydrocar-bon Based OilsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4310 Test Method for Determination of Sludging andCorrosion Tendencies of Inhibite
11、d Mineral OilsD5864 Test Method for Determining Aerobic Aquatic Bio-degradation of Lubricants or Their ComponentsD6081 Practice for Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Lubricants:Sample Preparation and Results InterpretationD6731 Test Method for Determining the Aerobic, AquaticBiodegradability of Lubricants
12、 or Lubricant Componentsin a Closed RespirometerD6866 Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Contentof Solid, Liquid, and Gaseous Samples Using Radiocar-bon AnalysisD7043 Test Method for Indicating Wear Characteristics ofNon-Petroleum and Petroleum Hydraulic Fluids in aConstant Volume Vane PumpD7
13、373 Test Method for Predicting Biodegradability of Lu-bricants Using a Bio-kinetic Model1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.N0 on Hydraulic Fluids.Current edition ap
14、proved Oct. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. Originallyapproved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D8029 17. DOI:10.1520/D8029-17A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandard
15、s volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was deve
16、loped in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1D7752 Practice for
17、 Evaluating Compatibility of Mixtures ofHydraulic Fluids2.2 EPA Standards:3OPPTS 835.3110 Ready BiodegradabilityOPPTS 850.1010 Aquatic Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test,Freshwater DaphnidsOPPTS 850.1075 Fish Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater andMarineOPPTS 850.5400 Algal Toxicity, Tiers I and II2.3 OEC
18、D Standards:4OECD Test No. 107 Partition Coefficient (N-Octanol/Water), Shake Flask MethodOECD Test No. 117 Partition Coefficient (N-Octanol/Water),High Performance Liquid Chromatography MethodOECD Test No. 123 Partition Coefficient (1-Octanol/Water):Slow-Stirring MethodOECD Test No. 201 Freshwater
19、Alga and Cyanobacteria,Growth Inhibition TestOECD Test No. 202 Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation TestOECD Test No. 203 Fish, Acute Toxicity TestOECD Test No. 301 Ready BiodegradabilityOECD Test No. 305 Bioaccumulation in Fish: Aqueous andDietary Exposure2.4 CEC Standards:5CEC Test Method L-45-99 Visc
20、osity Shear Stability ofTransmission Lubricants2.5 ISO Standards:6ISO 6072 RubberCompatibility between hydraulic fluidsand standard elastomeric materialsISO 9408 Water qualityEvaluation of ultimate aerobicbiodegradability of organic compounds in aqueous me-dium by determination of oxygen demand in a
21、 closedrespirometerISO 9439 Water qualityEvaluation of ultimate aerobicbiodegradability of organic compounds in aqueousmediumCarbon dioxide evolution testISO 14593 Water qualityEvaluation of ultimate aerobicbiodegradability of organic compounds in aqueousmediumMethod by analysis of inorganic carbon
22、insealed vessels (CO2headspace test)ISO 17025 General requirements for the competence oftesting and calibration laboratories3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 acute ecotoxicity, nthe propensity of a test materialto produce adverse behavioral, biochemical, or physiologicaleffects in non-human organi
23、sms or populations in a shortperiod, usually not constituting a substantial portion of theirlife span.3.1.2 acute ecotoxicity test, na comparative ecotoxicitytest in which a representative subpopulation of organisms isexposed to different treat rates of a test material and is observedfor a short per
24、iod, usually not constituting a substantial portionof their life span.3.1.3 bioaccumulation, nthe net accumulation of a sub-stance by an organism as a result of uptake from all environ-mental sources.3.1.4 biodegradation, nthe process of chemical break-down or transformation of a material caused by
25、organisms ortheir enzymes.3.1.4.1 DiscussionBiodegradation is only one mechanismby which materials are transformed in the environment.3.1.5 hydraulic fluid, na liquid used in hydraulic systemsfor lubrication and transmission of power.4. Biodegradable Hydraulic Fluid PerformanceRequirements4.1 Table
26、1 summarizes the environmental behavior require-ments.4.2 Table 2 summarizes the physical property and perfor-mance requirements.4.3 This specfication assumes that all biodegradable hydrau-lic fluids shall have a minimum impact on human health, whichis documented in the safety data sheet offering a
27、labeling-freeproduct in accordance with globally harmonized system (GHS)regulation.5. Compatibility of Mixtures of Hydraulic Fluids5.1 As a general guideline, different fluids should not bemixed.5.2 Compatibility should be evaluated according to PracticeD7752.6. Keywords6.1 aquatic toxicity; bioaccu
28、mulation; biodegradable; envi-ronmentally acceptable lubricants (EAL); fluids; hydraulics3U.S. EPA Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances (7101); available fromUnited States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), William Jefferson ClintonBldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460,
29、 http:/www.epa.gov.4Available from Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD), 2 rue Andr Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France, http:/www.oecd.org.5Available from Coordinating European Council (CEC), Services provided byKellen Europe, Avenue Jules Bordet 142 - 1140, Brussels, Belgiu
30、m, http:/www.cectests.org.6Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISOCentral Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,Geneva, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.D8029 17a2TABLE 1 Environmental Behavior RequirementsNOTE 1The bioconcentration factor
31、(BCF) shall be assessed according to OECD 305, Part C.13 of the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 440/2008, orequivalent test methods.NOTE 2Since most substances used in lubricants are quite hydrophobic, the BCF value should be based on the lipid weight content and care mustbe shown to ensure a sufficient
32、 exposure time.NOTE 3The log octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow) shall be assessed according to Part A.8 of the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 440/2008or OECD 107, OECD 117, OECD 123, or equivalent test methods.NOTE 4In case of an organic substance other than a surfactant where no experimenta
33、l value is available, a calculation method can be used.NOTE 5The following calculation methods are allowed: CLOGP, LOGKOW (KOWWIN), and SPARC. Estimated log Kowvalues by any of thesecalculation methods 7 indicates that the substance is not expected to bioaccumulate.NOTE 6If a substance is evaluated
34、for the formulation and main constituents, the LC 50 of fluids must be at least 100 mg L. If a substance is evaluatedfor each constituent substance, rather than the complete formulation and main compounds, then constituents comprising less than 20 % of fluids can havean LC 50 between 10 mg L and 100
35、 mg L or a no observed effect concentration (NOEC) between 1 mg L and 10 mg L, constituents comprising lessthan 5 % of fluids can have an LC 50 between 1 mg L and 10 mg L or a NOEC between 0.1 mg L and 1 mg L, and constituents comprising less than1 % of fluids can have an LC 50 less than 1 mg L or a
36、 NOEC between 0 mg L and 0.1 mg L.Characteristics of Tests Units Requirements EPA StandardUltimate Biodegradability, minA% 60 Test Method D5864B/OPPTS 835.3110 former 712-C-98-076% 67 Test Method D6731B/OPPTS 835.3110 former 712-C-98-076BioaccumulationCLog Kow7 OECD Test No. 117DBCF # 100 L kg OECD
37、Test No. 305DAcute Aquatic ToxicityAcute fish toxicity, 96 h, LC50, minAmg/L 100 OPPTS 850.1075Eformer 712-C-96-118Acute Daphnia toxicity, 48 h, EC50, minAmg/L 100 OPPTS 850.1010Fformer 712-C-96-114Acute Algae toxicity, 72 h, EC50, minAmg/L 100 OPPTS 850.5400Gformer 712-C-96-164Renewability % Report
38、 Test Methods D6866ABiodegradability and aquatic toxicity tests should be performed according to Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) or ISO 17025. Water-soluble fluids shall be tested inaccordance with the test method cited. Fluids with low water solubility shall be tested using water-accommodated fracti
39、ons, prepared according to Practice D6081.Biodegradation testing may be done on the lubricant formulation or the main components. Lubricant formulations must contain at least 90 % (w/w (weight in weightconcentration) of a constituent substance or constituent substances (only stated substances presen
40、t above 0.10 % shall be assessed) that each demonstrate either theremoval of at least 70 % of dissolved organic carbon, production of at least 67 % of the theoretical carbon dioxide, or consumption of at least 60 % of the theoretical oxygendemand within 28 days. For lubricant formulations, the 10 %
41、(w/w) of the formulation that need not meet the above biodegradability requirements, up to 5 % (w/w) maybe nonbiodegradable (but not bioaccumulative) while the remainder must be inherently (20 % to 800 g/mol; (b) has a molecular diameter 1.5 nm (15 ); or (c)isa polymer and its molecular weight fract
42、ion below 1000 g/mol is less than 1 %.EOPPTS 850.1075 or equivalent OECD Test No. 203.FOPPTS 850.1010 or equivalent OECD Test No. 202.GOPPTS 850.5400 or equivalent OECD Test No. 201.D8029 17a3TABLE2PhysicalPropertyandPerformanceRequirementsPropertiesTestMethodASTM(Other)ParametersLimitsISOviscosityg
43、radeD24221522324668100ViscosityoffreshoilD445kinematicviscosityat40C,mm2/s13.516.519.824.228.835.241.450.661.274.890.0110Viscosity750mm2/sD2983temperature,C,max.231582410ViscosityindexD2270reportreportreportreportreportreportViscositychangeaftershearCEC-L-45-99Akinematicviscosityat100C,mm2/saftershe
44、aringfor20hmax.10%max.10%max.10%max.10%max.10%max.10%SpecificgravityD1298AreportreportreportreportreportreportAppearanceVisual,20CclearandbrightclearandbrightclearandbrightclearandbrightclearandbrightclearandbrightFlashpointD92temperature,C,min165175185195205215PourpointD97temperature,C,max242118151
45、212AcidnumberD974/D664mgKOH/greportreportreportreportreportreportRustpreventionD665Avisualevaluationafter24h,passorfailpasspasspasspasspasspassD665Bvisualevaluationafter24h,passorfailreportreportreportreportreportreportCorrosionD130coppercorrosion,3hat100C,visual,max222222WaterseparabilityBD1401time
46、(mins)to3mLemulsionmaxat54C3030303030.time(mins)to3mLemulsionmaxat82C.60ElastomercompatibilityCISO6072SRE-NBR11000h60C60C80C80C80C80CSRE-HNBR1000h60C60C80C80C80C80CSRE-FKM21000h60C60C80C80C80C80Crelativevolumechange,%,max3to+203to+153to+103to+103to+103to+10changeinShoreAhardness,ratings,max101010101
47、010changeinelongation,max303030303030FoamD892SequenceItendency/stabilitymL,max50/050/050/050/050/050/0SequenceIItendency/stabilitymL,max50/050/050/050/050/050/0SequenceIIItendency/stabilitymL,max50/050/050/050/050/050/0AirreleaseD3427time(min)at50C,max77101315.time(min)at75Cmax.reportOxidationstabil
48、ityD943 nowatertimeforacidnumberof2mgKOH/g,h100010001000100010001000SludgetendencyD4310 mod.nowatertotalinsolublesludge,mg,max200200200200200200copperoil/sludge,mgreportreportreportreportreportreportThermalstabilityD2070copperappearance,visualreportreport555reportsteelappearance,visualreportreport22
49、2reportsludge,mg/100mLreportreport252525reportWearinhibitionD7043weightlossvanes+ring(mg),66Cmax.50505050.weightlossvanes+ring(mg),80Cmax.5050ATestMethodD4052canalsobeused.BWaterseparabilityisnotapplicableforwatersolubleoremulsifiablehydraulicfluids.CCompatibilityhasbeendeterminedusingstandardelastomerformulationswhichcanbequitedifferentfromactualsealmaterialsandtheuserisadvisedtodeterminefluidandspecificsealcompatibilityusingactualoperatingtemperature.Shrink
