1、Designation: D8155 17Standard Practice forShake Extraction of Solid Mining and MetallurgicalProcessing Waste with Water1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8155; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers a procedure for leaching of solidwaste to obtain an aqueous solution to be used to determ
3、ine theconstituents leached under the specified testing conditions.1.1.1 This practice includes a procedure for the shakeleaching of metal mining ore, waste rock, or metallurgicalprocessing waste containing at least 80 % dry solids (20 %moisture) in order to generate a solution to be used todetermin
4、e the inorganic constituents leached under the speci-fied testing conditions and for regulatory jurisdictions requiringa water leach practice.1.2 This practice provides for the shaking of a known massof waste with water of specified composition and the separationof the aqueous phase for analysis.1.2
5、.1 This practice is intended to describe the procedure forperforming single-batch extractions only. It does not describeall types of sampling, sample preservation, and analyticalrequirements that may be associated with its application.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.
6、Values given in parentheses are mathematical con-versions to inch-pound units that are provided for informationonly and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this st
7、andard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision
8、 on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C471M Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Gypsum andGypsum Products (Metric)D75/D75M
9、 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering Designand Construction Purposes (Withdrawn 2011)3D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by MassD2234/D2234M Practice for Coll
10、ection of a Gross Sampleof CoalD3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed ConduitsD5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste ManagementD5744 Test Method for Laboratory Weathering of SolidMaterials Using a Humidity CellD6234 Test Method for Shake Extraction of Mining Wasteby the Synthetic Precipitatio
11、n Leaching ProcedureE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, WithSpecified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or ProcessE877 Practice for Sampling and Sample Preparation of IronOres and Related Materials for Determination of Chemi-cal Composition and Physical Propertie
12、sE1915 Test Methods for Analysis of Metal Bearing Ores andRelated Materials for Carbon, Sulfur, and Acid-BaseCharacteristicsE2242 Test Method for Column Percolation Extraction ofMine Rock by the Meteoric Water Mobility Procedure3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, seeTer
13、minology D5681.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 metal mining waste, noverburden or waste rockexcavated and disposed of during mining operations.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D
14、34.01.04 on WasteLeaching Techniques.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2017. Published December 2017. Originallyapproved in 2017. DOI: 10.1520/D8155-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMSta
15、ndards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis interna
16、tional standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Commi
17、ttee.13.2.2 mineral processing waste, nwaste generated fromore processing metallurgical operation such as tailings.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is intended as a rapid means for obtainingan extract of solid waste. The extract may be used to estimatethe release of constituents of the solid
18、 waste under thelaboratory conditions described in this procedure.4.1.1 This practice is not intended to be used as a kinetic testto simulate weathering of ore, metal mining, and metallurgicalprocessing wastes. For kinetic testing of ore, metal mining, andmetallurgical processing wastes, refer to Te
19、st Method D5744 todetermine release rates for constituents of interest. For statictesting of metal mining ore and metal mining or metallurgicalprocessing waste materials, refer to Test Methods E1915 andD6234. If the conditions of this practice are not suitable for thetest material, Test Method E2242
20、 may be used, if applicable tothe ore or waste.4.2 This practice is not intended to provide an extract that isrepresentative of the actual leachate produced from a solidwaste in the field, or to produce extracts to be used as the solebasis of engineering design.4.3 This practice is not intended to s
21、imulate site-specificleaching conditions. It has not been demonstrated to simulateactual disposal site leaching conditions.4.4 The intent of this practice is that the final pH of theextract reflects the interaction of the extractant with thebuffering capacity of the solid waste.4.5 The intent of thi
22、s practice is that the water extractionsimulates conditions where the solid waste is the dominantfactor in determining the pH of the extract.4.6 The practice produces an extract that is amenable to thedetermination of both major and minor constituents. Whenminor constituents are being determined, it
23、 is especiallyimportant that precautions are taken in sample storage andhandling to avoid possible contamination of the samples.4.6.1 This practice has been tested to determine its applica-bility to certain inorganic components in metal mining andmetallurgical processing wastes.4.7 The practice has
24、not been tested for applicability toorganic substances and volatile matter.5. Apparatus5.1 Agitation Equipment, of any type that rotates about acentral axis at a rate of 29 6 2 r min and mixes samples in anend-over-end fashion. (See example equipment in Fig. 1.)NOTE 1Modifications to the agitation t
25、echnique (orientation or rate)could result in alteration of the degree of mixing or the rate of release ofconstituents, as well as causing particle abrasion.As a result, the precisionof the practice may also be influenced.5.2 Membrane or Pressure Filter Assembly:5.2.1 Membrane FilterA borosilicate g
26、lass or stainlesssteel funnel with a flat, fritted base of the same material andmembrane filters.5.2.2 Pressure Filtration AssemblyA pressure filtrationdevice using pressure-regulated compressed gas of a compo-sition suitable to the nature of the analyses to be performed andequipped with a 0.45- or
27、0.8-m pore size filter.5.3 Containers, round, wide-mouth, of a composition suit-able to the nature of the solid waste and the analyses to beperformed, and constructed of materials that will not allowsorption of constituents of interest.5.3.1 Containers should be of sufficient size to contain themass
28、 of the solid sample plus the volume of extractant at aliquid-to-solid ratio of 20 mL g, leaving approximately 10 to20 % headspace for mixing. For example, 2-L (0.5-gal) con-tainers may be used for 70-g (0.15-lb) samples with 1400 mL(0.37 gal) of extractant, while 4-L (1-gal) containers may berequir
29、ed for 140-g (0.30-lb) samples with 2800 mL (0.74 gal)of extractant.5.3.1.1 Extraction vessels should be cleaned in a mannerconsistent with the analyses to be performed. (See Section 13of Practices D3370.)5.3.2 Containers must have watertight closures.5.3.3 Containers with venting mechanisms should
30、be pro-vided for samples where gases may be released.NOTE 2Allowing the container to vent generated gases has thepotential to affect the concentrations of constituents in the extract.5.3.4 Containers should be cleaned in a manner consistentwith the analyses to be performed.5.4 Drying Pans or Dishes,
31、 (for example, aluminum tins,porcelain dishes, glass weighing pans), two per waste, suitableto the waste being tested and the instructions given in 9.2.5.5 Drying OvenAny thermostatically controlled dryingoven capable of maintaining a steady temperature of 62Cina range of 100 to 110 C.5.6 Desiccator
32、, having a capacity to hold the drying pansdescribed in 5.4.5.7 Laboratory Balance, capable of accurately measuring0.01 g.5.8 Magnetic Stir Plate.5.9 pH Meter, with temperature compensation, readabilityof 0.01 units and an accuracy of 60.05 units at 25 C.6. Reagents6.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent-grad
33、e chemicals shall beused. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagentsshall conform to the specifications of the American ChemicalSociety, where such specifications are available. Other gradesmay be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent isof sufficiently high purity
34、 to permit its use without lesseningthe accuracy of the determination.6.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, referencesto water shall be understood to mean Type IV reagent water at18 to 27 C (Specification D1193). The method by which theType IV water is prepared, that is, distillation, ion e
35、xchange,reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, should remain constantthroughout testing.7. Sampling7.1 Obtain a representative sample of the solid waste to betested using ASTM sample methods developed for the specificD8155 172industry where available. (See Guide D420 and PracticesD75/D75M, E877, and D223
36、4/D2234M.)7.2 Where no specific methods are available, samplingmethodology for materials of similar physical form shall beused.7.3 A minimum sample of 5 kg shall be sent to thelaboratory (see Practice E122).7.3.1 For metal mine and metallurgical processing wastes,the minimum amount of sample to be s
37、ent to the laboratoryshould be sufficient to perform the solids content determinationas specified in 9.2, and to provide 100 g of sample on a dryweight basis for extraction.7.4 It is important that the sample of the solid waste berepresentative with respect to surface area, as variations insurface a
38、rea would directly affect the leaching characteristicsof the sample. Solid waste samples should contain a represen-tative distribution of particles sizes.7.4.1 It is important that the sample of metal mining ormetallurgical processing waste be representative with respectto the inorganic constituents
39、 to be determined.NOTE 3Information on obtaining representative samples can also befound in Pierre Gys Sampling Theory and Sampling Practice.47.5 Keep samples in closed containers appropriate to thesample type prior to the extraction in order to prevent samplecontamination or constituent loss. Where
40、 it is desired to extractbiologically or chemically active samples in their existingstate, store the samples at 4 6 2 C (Practices D3370) and startthe extraction within 8 h. Where it is desired to extract suchsamples in a state representative of the results of biological orchemical activities, the s
41、amples may be specifically handled to4Pitard, F., Pierre Gys Sampling Theory and Sampling Practice, 2nd Edition,CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1993.FIG. 1 Example ExtractorD8155 173simulate such activities. Record the storage conditions andhandling procedures in the report.7.5.1 Metal Mining and Metallu
42、rgical Processing Ores andWastesReport the length of time between sample collectionand extraction. The user is advised to minimize the holdingtime between sampling and testing if the waste is suspected tocontain reactive sulfide minerals (see Test Methods E1915).Samples containing reactive sulfide m
43、inerals may be preservedby filling the container with nitrogen or argon gas and storingat 10 C.8. Sample Preparation8.1 Sample Division:8.1.1 For free-flowing particulate solid wastes, proceed inaccordance with 8.1.3.8.1.2 Metal Mining and Metallurgical Processing Ores andWastesPass the gross sample
44、 through a 9.5-mm sieve andstage crush any oversize material no more than necessary topass it through the sieve. Divide the gross sample in a rifflesplitter with 25-mm chutes, repeatedly if necessary, to obtain arepresentative laboratory sample with a weight in the range of250 to 500 g.8.1.3 Obtain
45、a sample of the approximate size required inthe practice by quartering the sample (Section 7)onanimpermeable sheet of glazed paper, oil cloth, or other flexiblematerial as follows:8.1.4 Empty the sample container onto the center of thesheet.8.1.5 Flatten out the sample gently with a suitable straigh
46、t-edge until it is spread uniformly to a depth at least twice themaximum particle diameter particle size.8.1.6 Remix the sample by lifting a corner of the sheet anddrawing it across, low down, to the opposite corner in a mannerthat the material is made to roll over and over and does notmerely slide
47、along. Continue operation with each corner,proceeding in a clockwise direction. Repeat this operation tentimes.8.1.7 Lift all four corners of the sheet towards the center andholding all four corners together, raise the entire sheet into theair to form a pocket for the sample.8.1.8 Flatten out the sa
48、mple gently with a suitable straight-edge until it is spread uniformly to a depth at least twice themaximum particle diameter particle size.8.1.9 With a straightedge at least as long as the flattenedmound of sample (such as a thin-edged yard stick), gentlydivide the sample into quarters. An effort s
49、hould be made toavoid using pressure on the straightedge sufficient to causedamage to the particles.8.1.10 Discard alternate quarters.8.1.11 If further reduction of sample size is necessary,repeat 8.1.5 8.1.10. A minimum sample size of 70 g isrecommended for each extraction. Additional samples shouldbe provided for determination of solids content. If smallersamples are used in the practice, report this fact.8.1.11.1 Metal Mining and Metallurgical Processing Oresand WastesUse a sample size to provide at least 100 g ofsolid on a dry weight basis. Provide add
