1、Designation: E1 13 Method 9501Federal TestMethod Standard No. 791bStandard Specification forASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers
3、liquid-in-glass thermometersgraduated in degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit that arefrequently identified and used in methods under the jurisdictionof the various technical committees within ASTM. The variousthermometers specified are listed in Table 1. The inclusion ofan IP number in Table 1 ind
4、icates, where appearing, that thethermometer specification has been jointly agreed upon by theBritish Institute of Petroleum (IP) and ASTM.1.2 This specification also covers adjustable-rangeenclosed-scale thermometers, graduated in degrees Celsius,which are used in ASTM methods.1.3 The enclosed-scal
5、e thermometers are commonly calledBeckmann thermometers. They are suitable for measuringsmall temperature differences not exceeding 6 C within alarger range of temperature. The thermometers are unsuitablefor measuring Celsius- or kelvin-scale temperatures unless theyhave been compared with standard
6、instruments immediatelybefore use.1.4 An alphabetic list of the ASTM Thermometers includedin this standard is given in Table 2.1.5 A list of ASTM Thermometers is given in Table 3 tofacilitate selection according to temperature range, immersion,and scale-error requirements.NOTE 1For a listing of ther
7、mometers recommended for generallaboratory use, the ScientificApparatus MakersAssociation Specificationsfor General Purpose Glass Laboratory Thermometers may be consulted.2NOTE 2It has been found by experience that these ASTMThermometers, although developed in general for specific tests, may alsobe
8、found suitable for other applications, thus precluding the need for newthermometer specifications differing in only minor features. However, it issuggested that technical committees contact Subcommittee E20.05 beforechoosing a currently specified thermometer for a new method to be surethe thermomete
9、r will be suitable for the intended application.1.6 The thermometers found in Table 1 contain mercury,mercury thallium eutectic alloy, or toluene or other suitableliquid colored with a permanent red dye. For low-hazardprecision non-mercury alternatives to E1 thermometers, seeSpecification E2251.1.7
10、WARNINGMercury has been designated by EPAandmany state agencies as a hazardous material that can causecentral nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, orits vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive tomaterials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury andmercury containing produ
11、cts. See the applicable product Ma-terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPAs website-http:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm - for additional informa-tion. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/ormercury containing products into your state may be prohibitedby state law.1.8 This standar
12、d does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM
13、 Standards:3E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-mometersE344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-etryE563 Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bathas a Reference TemperatureE2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-eters with Low-Hazard Precision
14、 Liquids3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions given in Terminology E344apply.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 onTemperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.05on Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers and Hydrometers.Current edition app
15、roved May 1, 2013. Published July 2013. Originally approvedin 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E1 07. DOI: 10.1520/E0001-13.2Available from SAMA Group of Assocs., 225 Reinekers, Ste. 625, Alexandria,VA 23314.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orconta
16、ct ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1TABLE1SpecificationforAS
17、TMThermometersAlldimensionsareinmillimeters.SeeTable4forVerificationandCalibrationTemperatures.ExplanatoryNotes:AAnexpansionchamberisprovidedforreliefofgaspressuretoavoiddistortionofthebulbathighertemperatures.Itisnotforthepurposeofjoiningmercuryseparationsandundernocircumstancesshouldthethermometer
18、beheatedabovethehighesttemperaturereading.BTolueneorothersuitableliquidcoloredredwithapermanentdyeshallbeusedastheactuatingliquid.CUndercertaintestconditions,thebulbofthethermometermaybe28C(50F)abovethetemperatureindicatedbythethermometer,andatanindicatedtemperatureof371C(700F)thetemperatureofthebul
19、bisapproachingacriticalrangeintheglass.Itisthereforenotdesirabletousethisthermometerundersuchconditionsatindicatedtemperaturesabove371C(700F)withoutcheckingtheicepoint.DLongestgraduationlinesat155C,160C,162C,164C,165C,and170C,witharrowsat162Cand164C.EThelengthoftheenlargement,andthedistancefromthebo
20、ttomoftheenlargementtothebottomofthebulbshallbemeasuredwiththetestgageshowninFig.1.FLong,narrowshape.GThetesttemperatureshallbeindicatedbyanarrowwhetherthegraduationcorrespondingtothatpointisnumberedornot.HLong,narrowshape;mercuryshallbeinthechamberat0C(32F).IThethermometershallbemadetobemountedinab
21、rassferruleconsistingofatubularbushing8.0mminoutsidediameterwithaflangedheadapproximately12mmindiametersothattheupperextremityofthe8.0mmdiameterislocated90mmfromthebottomofthebulb.JTobemarkedontheglassstematleast90mmfromthebottomofthebulb.KGlassbuttonfinish,see6.2.1.LLong,narrowshape;mercuryshallben
22、earbottomofthechamberat0C.MForkinematicviscositythermometers,theice-pointreadingshallbetakenwithin1hafterbeingatthetesttemperaturefornotlessthan3minutes.Theice-pointreadingshallbeexpressedtothenearest0.01Cor0.02FandappliedasexplainedinTestMethodE77,Section13.NThermometersmadetothesespecificationscon
23、formalsowiththerequirementsforthetitertestthermometeroftheAmericanOilChemistsSocietyandtheAssociationofOfficialAgriculturalChemists,exceptforthespecialinscription.OCapillaryclearancesmustconformtoSection8.PMercuryshallbenearmiddleofchamberat0C.QThestemmaybeeithertheplainfrontorlensfronttype.Ifthethe
24、rmometerisofthelensfronttype,thecrosssectionofthestemshallbesuchthatitwillpassthroughan8-mmringgagebutwillnotentera5-mmslotgage.RAsuitablemercury-thalliumalloyshallbeusedastheactuatingliquid.STheexpansionchambershallbeofthelongnarrowtype10to20mminlength.Thelengthofunchangedcapillarybetweenthenearest
25、graduationmarkandtheexpansionchambershallbenotlessthan10mm.TMercuryshallbenearthebottomofthechamberat0C.UThelengthofunchangedcapillarybetweenthenearestgraduationmarkandcontractionchambershallbenotlessthan10mm.VChangeincorrectionoverany5Fintervalshallnotexceed0.10F.WExpansionchambershallbeofthelongna
26、rrowtypeandthereshallbenotlessthan10mmofunchangedcapillarybetweenthebaseofthechamberandthetopgraduation.XMercuryshallbeinthechamberat32F.YOveranyintervalof2Cthechangeincorrectionshallnotexceed0.02C.ZOveranyintervalof4Fthechangeincorrectionshallnotexceed0.05F.AASpecialfinish,see6.2.2.BBThebulbdiamete
27、rshallnotbemorethan0.5mmgreaterthanthestem.CCThestemshallbeofthelensfronttype.Thecrosssectionofthestemshallbesuchthatitwillpassthrougha8.0-mmringgagebutwillnotentera5.0-mmslotgage.Aminordiameterof4mmispermissibleprovidedthatthemajordiameterisnotlessthan7mm.DDBulbbottomshallbeessentiallyhemispherical
28、.E1132EEImmersionlineshallbeomitted.FFForFahrenheitthermometers,dimensionG(lengthofgraduatedportion)shallbemeasuredasthelengthofgraduatedportioncorrespondingtothenominalCelsiusrange.GGTheimmersionlineshallbevisibleinthecaseopeningafterassembly.Theimmersionshallbemeasuredfromthebottomofthebulbrathert
29、hanfromthebottomofthearmor.See6.2.2.HHThestemshallbeeithertheroundorlens-fronttype.IIContractionchambertobelongnarrowtype.JJOveranyintervalof1Cthechangeincorrectionshallnotexceed0.01C.Thecorrectionatthelowesttemperatureofthenominalrangeshallnotchangebymorethan0.02Cimmediatelyafterthethermometerhasbe
30、enheatedfor15minatatemperature30Chigher,andallowedtocoolnaturallyinair.KKThecapillaryboreshallbelargeenoughinrelationtothebulbtoensurethat(withouttapping)jumpingofthemeniscusdoesnotexceedonehalfofthesmallestscaledivision,whenthetemperatureisrisingatauniformratenotexceeding0.05C/min.LLThethermometeri
31、stobecalibratedfor100-mmimmersionforthemainscale,theicepointistobecalibratedfortotalimmersion.MMBulbshapeellipsoidal(seeFig.2).NNThisthermometermaybefurnishedwithanoptionalringtop.See6.2.3.Additionofaringtopwillincreasethetotallengthbyanamountequaltotheoutsidediameterofthering.OOThestemshallbeofthel
32、ensfronttype.Thecrosssectionofthestemshallbesuchthatitwillpassthrougha7.0mmringgage.ASTMNo.1C-991F-99FF2C-992F-99FF3C-993F-99FFIPNo.62C73CNamePartialImmersionPartialImmersionPartialImmersionReferenceFig.No.333Range20to+150C0to302F5to+300C20to580F5to+400CC20to760FCFortestatAImmersion,mm767676Graduati
33、ons:Subdivisions1C2F1C2F1C2FLonglinesateach5C10F5C10F5C10FNumbersateach10C20F10C20F10C20FScaleerror,max0.5C1F1C2F1Cto301C1.5Cabove301C2Fto574F3Fabove574FSpecialinscriptionASTMASTMASTM1C-99or1F-992C-99or2F-993C-99or3F9976MMIMM76MMIMM76MMIMMExpansionchamber:Permitheatingto200C392FAABTotallength,mm317t
34、o327385to395410to420CStemOD,mm6.0to7.06.0to7.06.0to7.5DBulblength,mm19to2510to1510to15EBulbOD,mm5.0to6.05.0to6.05.0to6.0Scalelocation:Bottomofbulbtolineat0C32F0C32F0C32FFDistance,mm111to118100to110100to110GLengthofgraduatedportion,mm170to200O225to265O250to290OIce-pointscale:RangeHBottomofbulbtoice-p
35、oint,mmContractionchamber:IDistancetobottom,min,mmJDistancetotop,max,mmStemenlargement:KOD,mmLLength,mmMDistancetobottom,mmAAnexpansionchamberisprovidedforreliefofgaspressuretoavoiddistortionofthebulbathighertemperatures.Itisnotforthepurposeofjoiningmercuryseparationsandundernocircumstancesshouldthe
36、thermometerbeheatedabovethehighesttemperaturereading.BUndercertaintestconditions,thebulbofthethermometermaybe28C(50F)abovethetemperatureindicatedbythethermometer,andatanindicatedtemperatureof371C(700F)thetemperatureofthebulbisapproachingacriticalrangeintheglass.Itisthereforenotdesirabletousethisther
37、mometerundersuchconditionsatindicatedtemperaturesabove371C(700F)withoutcheckingtheicepoint.OCapillaryclearancesshallconformtoSection8.FFForFahrenheitthermometers,dimensionG(lengthofgraduatedportion)shallbemeasuredasthelengthofgraduatedportioncorrespondingtothenominalCelsiusrange.E1133TABLE1Continued
38、ASTMNo.5C-865F-86FF6C-866F-86FF7C-867F-86FFIPNo.1C2C5CNameCloudandPourLowCloudandPourBLowDistillationReferenceFig.No.334Range38to+50C36to+120F80to+20C112to+70F2to+300C30to580FFortestatAImmersion,mm10876totalGraduations:Subdivisions1C2F1C2F1C2FLonglinesateach5C10F5C10F5C10FNumbersateach10C20F10C20F10
39、C20FScaleerror,max0.5C1F1Cto33C2Cbelow33C2Fto28F4Fbelow28F0.5Cto150C1Cabove150C1Fto300F2Fabove300FSpecialinscriptionASTM5C-86or5F86108MMIMMASTM6C-86or6F-8676MMIMMASTM7C-86or7F86Expansionchamber:Permitheatingto100C212F60C140FABTotallength,mm225to235225to235380to390CStemOD,mm6.0to8.06.0to8.06.0to8.0DB
40、ulblength,mm7to107to1010to15EBulbOD,mm5.5andstem5.0andstem5.0andstemScalelocation:Bottomofbulbtolineat38C36F70C94F0C32FFDistance,mm120to130100to120100to110GLengthofgraduatedportion,mm65to85O70to100O225to255OIce-pointscale:RangeHBottomofbulbtoice-point,mmContractionchamber:IDistancetobottom,min,mmJDi
41、stancetotop,max,mmStemenlargement:KOD,mmLLength,mmMDistancetobottom,mmAAnexpansionchamberisprovidedforreliefofgaspressuretoavoiddistortionofthebulbathighertemperatures.Itisnotforthepurposeofjoiningmercuryseparationsandundernocircumstancesshouldthethermometerbeheatedabovethehighesttemperaturereading.
42、BTolueneorothersuitableliquidcoloredredwithapermanentdyeshallbeusedastheactuatingliquid.OCapillaryclearancesshallconformtoSection8.FFForFahrenheitthermometers,dimensionG(lengthofgraduatedportion)shallbemeasuredasthelengthofgraduatedportioncorrespondingtothenominalCelsiusrange.ASTMNo.8C-868F-86FF9C-8
43、69F-86FF10C-8610F-86FFIPNo.6C15C16CNameHighDistillationLow-Pensky-MartensHigh-Pensky-MartensReferenceFig.No.455Range2to+400CC30to760FC5to+110C20to230F90to370C200to700FFortestatAImmersion,mmtotal5757Graduations:Subdivisions1C2F0.5C1F2C5FLonglinesateach5C10F1Cand5C5F10C25FNumbersateach10C20F5C10F20C50
44、FScaleerror,max1Cto300C1.5Cabove300C2Fto570F3Fabove570F0.5C1F1Cto260C2Cabove260C2.5Fto500F3.5Fabove500FE1134TABLE1ContinuedSpecialinscriptionASTM8C-86or8F-86ASTM9C-86or9F8657MMIMMASTM10C-86or10F8657MMIMMExpansionchamber:PermitheatingtoA160C320FABTotallength,mm380to390285to295285to295CStemOD,mm6.0to8
45、.06.0to7.06.0to7.0DBulblength,mm10to159to137to10EBulbOD,mm5.0andstem5.5andstem4.5andstemScalelocation:Bottomofbulbtolineat0C32F0C32F90C200FFDistance,mm30to4085to9580to90GLengthofgraduatedportion,mm290to330O140to175O145to180OIce-pointscale:RangeHBottomofbulbtoice-point,mmContractionchamber:IDistancet
46、obottom,min,mmJDistancetotop,max,mmStemenlargementKOD,mm7.5to8.57.5to8.5LLength,mm2.5to5.0E2.5to5.0EMDistancetobottom,mm64to6664to66AAnexpansionchamberisprovidedforreliefofgaspressuretoavoiddistortionofthebulbathighertemperatures.Itisnotforthepurposeofjoiningmercuryseparationsandundernocircumstances
47、shouldthethermometerbeheatedabovethehighesttemperaturereading.CUndercertaintestconditions,thebulbofthethermometermaybe28C(50F)abovethetemperatureindicatedbythethermometer,andatanindicatedtemperatureof371C(700F)thetemperatureofthebulbisapproachingacriticalrangeintheglass.Itisthereforenotdesirabletous
48、ethisthermometerundersuchconditionsatindicatedtemperaturesabove371C(700F)withoutcheckingtheicepoint.EThelengthoftheenlargement,andthedistancefromthebottomoftheenlargementtothebottomofthebulbshallbemeasuredwiththetestgageshowninFig.1.OCapillaryclearancesshallconformtoSection8.FFForFahrenheitthermomet
49、ers,dimensionG(lengthofgraduatedportion)shallbemeasuredasthelengthofgraduatedportioncorrespondingtothenominalCelsiusrange.ASTMNo.11C-8611F-86FF12C-9812F-98FF13C-86IPNo.28C64C64F47CNameClevelandOpenFlashDensity-WideRangeLossonHeatReferenceFig.No.349Range6to+400CC20to760FC20to+102C5to+215F155to170CFortestatAImmersion,mm25totaltotalGraduations:Su
