1、Designation: E 100 05Standard Specification forASTM Hydrometers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 100; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates
2、 the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers glass hydrometers of variousscale graduation systems, as r
3、equired by the ASTM TestMethods in which they are used.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility
4、 of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 287 Test Method forAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D 1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum MeasurementTablesE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE77 Test Method
5、 for Inspection and Verification of Ther-mometersE 126 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Hy-drometersE 344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-etry3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions given in TerminologyE 344 apply.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3
6、.2.1 length of the scale, nlength of the nominal range inthe stem, not including graduations extending above and belowthe nominal limits.3.2.2 top of the hydrometer, n top of the finished instru-ment.3.2.3 total length, noverall length of the finished hydrom-eter.4. Specifications4.1 Individual hydr
7、ometers shall conform to the detailedspecifications in Table 1 and to the general requirementsspecified in Sections 5-15.NOTE 1Changes in this specification may be made from time to timewhich do not affect the basic characteristics of the hydrometers. Hydrom-eters manufactured prior to the adoption
8、of the specifications will retainthe same official status as those meeting current specifications.5. Type5.1 Hydrometers shall be of the constant-mass, variable-displacement type. Hydrometers shall be made of glass, exceptfor the scale, ballasting material, and the thermometric liquidof thermohydrom
9、eters.5.2 The outer surface of the stem and body shall besymmetrical about the vertical axis. There shall be no unevenor unnecessary thickening of the walls, and no abrupt changesor constrictions that would hinder thorough cleaning or tend totrap air bubbles when the instrument is immersed.5.3 The h
10、ydrometer shall always float with its axis vertical.5.4 The hydrometer shall be thoroughly dry on the insidewhen sealed. The top of the stem shall be neatly roundedwithout unnecessary thickening.5.5 The glass shall be smooth, transparent, and free ofbubbles, striae, or other imperfections that might
11、 interfere withthe use of the hydrometer. The glass shall adequately resist thereaction of chemical agents to which hydrometers may beexposed, and also shall have suitable thermal properties topermit its use over the range of temperatures to which it maybe subjected. In general, glasses suitable for
12、 constructing thebulbs of thermometers are satisfactory for hydrometers.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 onTemperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.05on Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers and Hydrometers.Current edition approved May 1,
13、 2005. Published May 2005. Originallyapproved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E 100 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standa
14、rds Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.6 The API hydrometers are intended to be used in con-junction with Test Method D 287, hydrometer readings beingcorrected using Guide D 125
15、0, IP 200. Therefore, these hy-drometers shall be made of glass having a cubical coefficient ofexpansion of approximately 0.000023/1C or 0.0000128/1F15.56C (60F).6. Body6.1 The preferred shapes for the bodies of hydrometers areshown in Figs. 1 and 2.7. Ballast7.1 Material used for ballast shall be s
16、ecured to the lowerpart of the body, and no loose material of any sort may beinside a hydrometer. When a cement is used to hold the ballastsecurely in place, this cement shall not soften below 105C(221F).7.2 When mercury is used for weighting, it shall be placedin a small bulb below the main bulb of
17、 the hydrometer, andcompletely separated from the main bulb by means of a glasspartition or by sealing the small opening between bulbs with asuitable cement. Solid material, such as shot, also may beplaced in a similar small bulb.8. Stem8.1 The stem shall be uniform in cross section, with nopercepti
18、ble irregularities. It shall extend above the top gradu-ation at least 15 mm, and remain cylindrical for at least 3 mmbelow the lowest graduation.9. Scale9.1 The material for the scale is optional. If paper is used,only No. 1 sulfite paper or ledger paper shall be used. The scalemay be anchored by a
19、 design which prevents it from moving;otherwise it shall be fixed in place with a cement that will notsoften below 105C (221F) and will not deteriorate with time.The paper shall show no evidence of scorching or charringwhen received, or after use at 105C (221F). The scale mustbe straight and without
20、 twist.10. Markings10.1 Graduation lines and inscriptions shall be in a perma-nent black marking material, such as India ink.10.2 All graduation lines shall be straight, fine lines notexceeding one fifth of the graduation interval in thickness, andin no case more than 0.2 mm. The lines shall be perp
21、endicularto the vertical axis of the hydrometer. The lengths of maindivision lines, and the subdivision lines, shall be so chosen asto facilitate readings. The shortest lines shall be at least 2 mmlong.10.3 All numbers of theAPI hydrometers must be complete.The numbers for 0.050 lines on specific gr
22、avity and densityhydrometers must include the values for the first three decimal(a) Plain Hydrometer (b) Thermohydrometer withThermometer in Body(c) Thermohydrometer withThermometer in StemFIG. 1 Typical Hydrometers DesignsE100052places, for example: 0.750, 0.900, 1.100; the other numberedlines may
23、be abbreviated.10.4 For cemented scales, there shall be a permanentreference mark on the stem of the hydrometer corresponding toa designated reference mark on the scale.11. Graduation11.1 All hydrometers shall be graduated to read correctlywhere the plane of the level liquid surface intersects the s
24、tem.11.2 Hydrometers indicating density shall be graduated toindicate, at the temperature marked on the scale, the density ofliquids in kilograms per cubic metre.11.3 Specific gravity hydrometers shall be graduated toindicate the ratio of the mass of a unit volume of the liquid atthe stated temperat
25、ure to the mass of the same volume ofgas-free distilled water at a stated temperature.11.4 API hydrometers shall be graduated to give degrees ofAPI gravity obtained as follows:API Gravity, deg 5 141.5/sp gr 60/60F!2131.5 (1)11.5 A list of liquids suitable for comparison tests ofhydrometers will be f
26、ound in Table 1 of Test Method E 126.12. Thermohydrometers12.1 The thermometer shall be of the mercury-in-glass type,unless otherwise specified.12.2 The capillary stem shall be essentially parallel to thehydrometer axis.12.3 When the thermometer scale is located in the stem ofthe hydrometer, the sca
27、le shall be in red to distinguish it fromthe hydrometer scale.12.4 When the thermometer scale is in the stem, calibrationand testing of the thermometer shall be based on immersion ofthe thermometer scale to the level of the mercury in thethermometer stem (total immersion).12.5 The requirements in Se
28、ction 9 for the scale of thehydrometer shall apply also to the scale of the thermometer.12.6 The thermometer shall be calibrated in accordancewith Test Method E77.13. Special Inscription13.1 There shall appear on the scale or an extension thereof,or on a suitable label cemented permanently to the in
29、side of theinstrument, an inscription that indicates the purpose of thehydrometer. If necessary, this inscription should denote theliquid for which the hydrometer is intended, the temperature atwhich it is to be used, and the character of the indication.13.2 The designation of standard temperature a
30、nd referencetemperature may be abbreviated, for example, sp gr 60/60F,means that the hydrometer indicates at 60F the specificgravity of the liquid, referred to water at 60F as unity.13.3 The inscription shall include also the hydrometernumber (1H, 6H, and so forth) but not the year designation (62,a
31、nd so forth); a unique serial number; and the name ortrademark of the manufacturer or vendor.14. Standardization14.1 When tests are made at three scale points, the pointsshall include at least 60 % of the graduated interval of thescale. Neither of the extreme points shall be farther from thenearest
32、end of the graduated scale than a distance representedby 25 % of the length of the graduated scale. No two adjacentpoints shall be farther apart than a distance represented by50 % of the length of the graduated scale.NOTE 2When testing thermohydrometers, the thermometer in theinstrument shall not be
33、 used to determine the temperature of the bath. AnASTM Gravity Thermometer as prescribed in Specification E1,oraninstrument of equal sensitivity and accuracy, must be used.15. Case15.1 The hydrometer shall be supplied in a suitable cartonon which shall appear the ASTM number, name, and range, asgive
34、n in Table 1.16. Method for Inspection, Test, and Standardization16.1 Hydrometers shall be inspected, tested, and standard-ized in accordance with Test Method E 126.17. Keywords17.1 ballast; body; hydrometers; specific gravity; stem;thermohydrometersFIG. 2 Soil HydrometersE100053TABLE 1 Specificatio
35、ns for ASTM HydrometersAPI Gravity Hydrometers Specific GravityHydrometersSpecific GravityHydrometersFor Petroleum Products and Other Liquids ofSimilar Surface Tensions (33 dynes/cm or less)For General UseASTMHydrometerNo.NominalAPI GravityRange, degASTMHydrometerNo.NominalSpecific GravityRangeASTMH
36、ydrometerNo.NominalSpecificGravityRange1H-62 1 to + 11 82H-62 0.650 to 0.700 For AlcoholsA2H-62 9 to 21 83H-62 0.700 to 0.750 98H-62 0.950 to 1.0003H-62 19 to 31 84H-61 0.750 to 0.800 For Heavy LiquidsA4H-62 29 to 41 85H-62 0.800 to 0.850 111H-62 1.000 to 1.0505H-62 39 to 51 86H-62 0.850 to 0.900 11
37、2H-62 1.050 to 1.1006H-62 49 to 61 87H-62 0.900 to 0.950 113H-62 1.100 to 1.1507H-62 59 to 71 88H-62 0.950 to 1.000 114H-62 1.150 to 1.2008H-62 69 to 81 89H-62 1.000 to 1.050 115H-62 1.200 to 1.2509H-62 79 to 91 90H-62 1.050 to 1.100 116H-62 1.250 to 1.30010H-62 89 to 101 117H-62 1.300 to 1.35011H-0
38、3 37 to 49 118H-62 1.350 to 1.40012H-03 64 to 76 119H-62 1.400 to 1.450120H-62 1.450 to 1.500Standard temperature, F 60 60/60 60/60Subdivisions 0.1 API 0.0005 0.0005Intermediate lines at 0.5 API 0.001 0.001Main (numbered) lines at 1.0 API 0.005 0.005Scale error at any point not to exceed 0.1 API 0.0
39、005 0.0005Total length, mmLength of nominal scale, mm325 to 335125 to 145325 to 335125 to 145325 to 335125 to 145Scale extension beyond nominal rangelimits, max0.2 0.0025 0.0025Body diameter, mmStem diameter min, mm23 to 274.023 to 275.023 to 274.0API Gravity HydrometersFor Petroleum Products and Ot
40、her Liquids of Similar Surface Tensions (33 dynes/cm or less)ASTM Hydrometer No. Nominal API GravityRange, degASTM Hydrometer No. Nominal API GravityRange, deg21H-62 0 to 6 31H-62 50 to 5622H-62 5 to 11 32H-62 55 to 6123H-62 10 to 16 33H-62 60 to 6624H-62 15 to 21 34H-62 65 to 7125H-62 20 to 26 35H-
41、62 70 to 7626H-62 25 to 31 36H-62 75 to 8127H-62 30 to 36 37H-62 80 to 8628H-62 35 to 41 38H-62 85 to 9129H-62 40 to 46 39H-62 90 to 9630H-62 45 to 51 40H-62 95 to 101Standard temperature, F 60Subdivision, API 0.1Intermediate lines at, API 0.5Main (numbered) lines at, API 1.0Scale error at any point
42、 not to exceed, API 0.2Total length, mmLength of nominal scale, mm158 to 16848 to 61Scale extension beyond nominal range limits, max 0.2 APIBody diameter, mmStem diameter min, mm12 to 152.5E100054TABLE 1 ContinuedAPI Gravity ThermohydrometersFor Petroleum Products and Other Liquids of Similar Surfac
43、e Tensions (33 dynes/cm or less)Thermometer Scale in BodyASTM Hydrometer No. Nominal API Gravity Range, deg41H-66 15 to 2342H-66 22 to 3043H-66 29 to 3744H-66 36 to 4445H-66 43 to 51HydrometerTotal length, mm 374 to 387Body diameter, mm 18 to 25Stem diameter, min, mm 4.0Hydrometer ScaleStandard temp
44、erature, F 60Subdivisions, API 0.1Intermediate lines at, API 0.5Main (numbered) lines at, API 1.0Scale error at any point not to exceed, API 0.1Length of nominal scale, mm 125 to 145Thermometer ScaleRange, FB0 to 150 Designation L30 to 180 Designation M60 to 220 Designation HImmersion totalSubdivisi
45、ons, F 2Intermediate lines at, F 10Main (numbered) lines at, F 20Scale error at any point not to exceed, F 1Scale length, mm 80 to 110API Gravity ThermohydrometersFor Petroleum Products and Other Liquids of Similar Surface Tensions (33 dynes/cm or less)Thermometer Scale in Body Thermometer Scale in
46、StemASTM Hydrometer No.Nominal API GravityRange, degASTM Hydrometer No.Nominal API GravityRange, deg51H-62 1 to + 11 71H-62 1 to + 1152H-62 9 to 21 72H-62 9 to 2153H-62 19 to 31 73H-62 19 to 3154H-62 29 to 41 74H-62 29 to 4155H-62 39 to 5156H-62 49 to 6157H-62 59 to 7158H-62 69 to 8159H-62 79 to 916
47、0H-62 89 to 101HydrometerTotal length, mm 374 to 387 374 to 387Body diameter, mm 18 to 25 23 to 27Stem diameter, min, mm 4.0 6.0Hydrometer ScaleStandard temperature, F 60Subdivisions, API 0.1Intermediate lines at, API 0.5Main (numbered) lines at, API 1.0Scale error at any point not to exceed, API 0.
48、1Length of nominal scale, mm 125 to 145Thermometer ScaleRange, FC0 to 150 Designation L30 to 180 Designation M60 to 220 Designation H30 to 220Immersion total totalE100055TABLE 1 ContinuedSubdivisions, F 2 2Intermediate lines at, F 10 10Main (numbered) lines at, F 20 20Scale error at any point not to
49、 exceed, F 1 1Scale length, mm 80 to 110 105 to 145Specific Gravity ThermohydrometerFor Petroleum Products and Other Liquids of Similar SurfaceTensions (33 dynes/cm or less)Thermometer Scale in BodyASTM Hydrometer No. Nominal Specific GravityRange101H-03 0.500 to 0.650HydrometerTotal length, mm 354 to 387Body diameter, mm 19 to 22Stem diameter min, mm 10.5Working pressure min, psi 200Hydrometer ScaleStandard temperature, F 60/60Subdivisions 0.001Intermediate lines at 0.005Main (numbered) lines at 0.010Scale error at any poi
