1、Designation: E 1033 09Standard Practice forElectromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of TypeF-Continuously Welded (CW) Ferromagnetic Pipe andTubing Above the Curie Temperature1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1033; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
2、year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers a procedure for in-line, eddy-c
3、urrent examination of continuously welded (CW) ferromag-netic pipe and tubing at temperatures above the Curie tempera-ture (approximately 1400F (760C), where the pipe issubstantially nonmagnetic or austenitic.1.2 This practice is intended for use on tubular productshaving nominal diameters of12 in.
4、(12.7 mm) to 4 in. (101.6mm). These techniques may be used for larger- or smaller-diameter pipe and tubing as specified by the using parties.1.3 This practice is specifically applicable to eddy-currentexamination using encircling coils, or probe coils.1.4 This practice does not establish acceptance
5、criteria.They must be established by the using parties.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathemati-cal conversions to SI units that are provided for informationonly and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does n
6、ot purport to address the safetyproblems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of theuser of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 309 Practice
7、 for Eddy-Current Examination of Steel Tu-bular Products Using Magnetic SaturationE 543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestruc-tive TestingE 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations2.2 Other Documents:SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-cation and Certification in
8、Nondestructive Testing3ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 ASNT Standard for Qualification andCertification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel3NAS-410 NAS Certification and Qualification of Nonde-structive Personnel (Quality Assurance Committee)43. Terminology3.1 Standard terminology relating to electromagnetic ex-am
9、ination may be found in Terminology E 1316, Section C,Electromagnetic Testing.4. Summary of Practice4.1 In-line, automatic, eddy-current examination of CWpipe utilizes probes or encircling coils, or both, mounted in thepass line to monitor the quality of pipe during production attemperatures ranging
10、 from 1600 to 2200F (870 to 1204C).4.2 Eddy-current instrumentation provides timely and use-ful information regarding the acceptability of CW pipe forquality control purposes as well as for early warning thatunacceptable pipe is being produced.5. Significance and Use5.1 The purpose of this practice
11、is to outline a procedure forthe in-line eddy-current examination of hot CW pipe for thedetection of major imperfections and repetitive discontinuities.5.2 A major advantage of in-line eddy-current examinationof ferromagnetic CW pipe above the Curie temperature lies inthe enhanced signal-to-noise ra
12、tio and depth of penetrationobtained without the use of magnetic saturation.5.3 The eddy-current method is capable of detecting andlocating weld imperfections commonly referred to as openwelds, cave welds, black spots (weld inclusions), and partialwelds (incomplete penetration). In addition, it will
13、 detectpipe-wall imperfections such as slivers, laps, and ring welds(end welds).5.4 The relative severity of the imperfections may beindicated by eddy-current signal amplitude or phase, or both.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-structive Testing and is the direc
14、t responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 onElectromagnetic Method.Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approvedin 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E 1033 - 98(2004)1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM C
15、ustomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available fromAmerican Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http:/www.asnt.org.4
16、Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc. (AIA), 1000Wilson Blvd., Suite 1700,Arlington, VA22209-3928, http:/www.aia-aerospace.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.An alarm level may be selected
17、that utilizes signal amplitude orphase, or both, for automatic recording or marking, or both.5.5 Because the responses from natural discontinuities mayvary significantly from those from artificial discontinuities,care must be exercised in establishing test sensitivity andacceptance criteria.6. Basis
18、 of Application6.1 The following criteria may be specified in the purchasespecification, contractual agreement, or elsewhere, and mayrequire agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.6.1.1 The diameter, wall-thickness, and temperature of thepipe being examined.6.1.2 The extent of the examinat
19、ion.6.1.3 The time of examination: the point or points in themanufacturing process where the pipe will be examined, andits throughput speed.6.1.4 Test Standardization:6.1.4.1 The size (length, diameter, and wall) and composi-tion of the reference standard if applicable.6.1.4.2 The time between calib
20、ration checks.6.1.5 The disposition of material with indications.6.1.6 The reporting of test results.6.1.7 If specified in the contractual agreement, personnelperforming examinations to this practice shall be qualified inaccordance with a nationally recognized NDT personnel quali-fication practice o
21、r standard such as ANSI/ASNT-CP-189,SNT-TC-1A, MIL-STD-410E, NAS-410, ASNT-ACCP, or asimilar document and certified by the certifying agency, asapplicable. The practice or standard used and its applicablerevision shall be identified in the contractual agreement be-tween the using parties.NOTE 1MIL-S
22、TD-410 is canceled and has been replaced with NAS-410, however, it may be used with agreement between contracting parties.6.1.8 If specified in the contractual agreement, NDT agen-cies shall be qualified and evaluated in accordance withPractice E 543. The applicable edition of Practice E 543 shallbe
23、 specified in the contractual agreement.7. Interferences7.1 There are some manufacturing processes that producepipe with surface conditions that could interfere with orobscure signals related to typical pipe imperfections.7.2 Mechanical vibrations, speed variations, and tempera-ture changes can have
24、 an affect on test sensitivities.8. Apparatus8.1 The transducer assembly, whether encircling or probecoils, consists of one or more electrical coils, cooling apparatusthat is adequate to maintain the proper coil-operating tempera-ture and prevent thermal damage, and positioning mechanismsfor adjusti
25、ng and maintaining a constant spacing between thecoil and the pipe surface. Some assemblies may includemechanical guides to prevent physical damage to the trans-ducer by contact with the product.8.1.1 The types and sizes of transducers employed aredetermined to a large degree by the coverage and res
26、olutionrequired. Through precise transducer positioning, the geom-etries required for effective pipe inspection can be maintained.8.1.2 The eddy-current transducers are cooled to maintainproper operating temperatures for test stability, and to avoidthermal damage to the windings or the associated fi
27、xturing, orboth.8.1.3 The optimum response to the variables of interest (see5.3) can be obtained through the selection of the properinstrumentation, transducer design, and operating frequency.Through signal processing, responses to variables of interestcan be increased while those from such sources
28、as scalepatches, cold spots, and mechanical vibration can be sup-pressed.8.1.4 Usually, the transducer assembly is placed at a loca-tion where product speed is constant and vibration is minimal.8.2 The eddy-current instrumentation should be capable ofenergizing transducers with alternating currents
29、of selected andstable frequencies and energy levels, and of sensing thechanges in eddy-current flow arising from pipe imperfections.8.2.1 Eddy-current responses may be displayed on acathode-ray tube, indicated by a meter, digital display, strip-chart recorder, or other applicable methods.8.2.2 Autom
30、atic alarm and marking features may be in-cluded and can provide automatic classification at production-line speeds.9. Adjustment and Standardization of Apparatus9.1 The method of manufacture of CW pipe precludes theuse of a physical reference standard for in-line system stan-dardization as is the n
31、orm for most eddy-current examinations.The continuity of product runs and the high-line speeds (up to3000 ft/min or 15.2 m/s) requires the use of alternativecalibration methods.9.2 The industry-accepted methods for system standardiza-tion and sensitivity adjustment include either electronicallygener
32、ated signals to simulate responses to reference notches, orthe use of eddy-current noise levels to obtain repeatablesensitivities.9.2.1 Electronic signals that simulate those obtained fromactual imperfections during eddy-current examination can beinduced into the transducer and the instrumentation a
33、djusted tothe appropriate response levels.9.2.2 The eddy-current noise level is that actually generatedas the pipe passes through or by the transducer. Instrumentcontrols may be adjusted so that the material-generated noise issome predetermined fraction of full-scale response. Throughexperience, sen
34、sitivities suitable for detecting imperfections ofinterest can be obtained. It must be clearly established that thenoise level is material-generated and not from the instrumen-tation.9.2.3 Verification of the sensitivity levels obtained througheither the electronic-signal or the system-noise may be
35、estab-lished through other nondestructive or mechanical examinationmethods, or both.E10330929.3 If standardization with conventional reference standardsis applicable, off-line standardization may be performed usingpipe samples of appropriate sizes made from austenitic stain-less steel.9.3.1 Refer to
36、 Practice E 309, paragraph 7.6 and Section 10,for reference standard fabrication and Section 9 for standard-ization procedures.10. Operating Procedure10.1 Standardize the system in a manner similar to thatgiven in Section 9 at the beginning of each turn and whenchanging sizes.10.2 Pipes and tubes to
37、 be examined are passed through theexamination station with the apparatus adjusted in accordancewith Section 9.10.3 Any piece showing a discontinuity indication equal toor greater than an established rejection level shall be automati-cally marked or otherwise identified as having a potentiallyreject
38、able discontinuity.10.4 Make no equipment adjustments other than at stan-dardization time.11. Keywords11.1 curie temperature; eddy-current; electromagnetic;NDT; nondestructive testingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any ite
39、m mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical comm
40、ittee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a m
41、eeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive
42、, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E1033093
