1、Designation: E 1105 00Standard Test Method forField Determination of Water Penetration of InstalledExterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls, byUniform or Cyclic Static Air Pressure Difference1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1105; the number immediately following th
2、e designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers
3、 the determination of the resis-tance of installed exterior windows, curtain walls, skylights,and doors to water penetration when water is applied to theoutdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a static airpressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at theindoor face.1.2 This tes
4、t method is applicable to any curtain-wall area orto windows, skylights, or doors alone. It is intended primarilyfor determining the resistance to water penetration throughsuch assemblies for compliance with specified performancecriteria, but it may also be used to determine the resistance topenetra
5、tion through the joints between the assemblies and theadjacent construction. Other procedures may be appropriate toidentify sources of leakage.1.3 This test method addresses water penetration through amanufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly,but does not result in a failure as defin
6、ed herein, may haveadverse effects on the performance of contained materials suchas sealants and insulating or laminated glass. This test methoddoes not address these issues.1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledgeof the principles of pressure measurement.1.5 The values stated in
7、SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound equivalents of SI units may beapproximate.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and hea
8、lth practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see 7.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:E 631 Terminology of Building Constructions23. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of general terms relating tobuilding constr
9、uction used in this test method, see TerminologyE 631.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 specimen, nthe entire assembled unit submitted fortest as installed in the exterior wall of a building.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThe test specimen consists of the majorcomponents of the assembly, i
10、ncluding all joints, cracks, oropenings between such components and any panning, recep-tors, extenders, sills, mullions, or other parts or componentsused for assembling any installation. The joints betweenassemblies and the openings into which they are mounted(masonry openings, for example) are not
11、part of the testspecimen. However, these joints may be tested by this proce-dure.3.2.2 test pressure difference, nthe specified difference instatic air pressure across the closed and locked or fixedspecimen expressed in pascals (lbf/ft2).3.2.3 water penetration, npenetration of water beyond aplane p
12、arallel to the glazing (the vertical plane) intersecting theinnermost projection of the test specimen, not includinginterior trim and hardware, under the specified conditions of airpressure difference across the specimen. For products withnon-planer surfaces (domes, vaults, pyramids, etc.) the plane
13、defining water penetration is the plane defined by the innermostedges of the unit frame.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of sealing a chamber to theinterior or exterior face of specimen to be tested, supplying airto a chamber mounted on the exterior or exhausting air from a1Thi
14、s test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51on Component Performance of Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors.Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2000. Published December 2000. Originallypublished as E 1105
15、 86. Last previous edition E 1105 96.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.11.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.chamber mounted on the interior, at the rate required tomaintain the test pressure difference across the s
16、pecimen whilespraying water onto the outdoor face of the specimen at therequired rate and observing any water penetration.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determiningthe resistance to water penetration under uniform or cyclicstatic air pressure differences of i
17、nstalled exterior windows,skylights, curtain walls, and doors. The air-pressure differencesacting across a building envelope vary greatly. These factorsshould be considered fully prior to specifying the test pressuredifference to be used.NOTE 1In applying the results of tests by this test method, no
18、te thatthe performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a functionof proper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance will alsodepend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance ofcomponents to deterioration by various causes, vibration, thermal expan-
19、sion and contraction, and so forth. It is difficult to simulate the identicalcomplex wetting conditions that can be encountered in service, with largewind-blown water drops, increasing water drop impact pressures withincreasing wind velocity, and lateral or upward moving air and water.Some designs a
20、re more sensitive than others to this upward moving water.NOTE 2This test method does not identify unobservable liquid waterwhich may penetrate into the test specimen.5.2 Laboratory tests are designed to give an indication of theperformance of an assembly. Field performance may vary fromlaboratory p
21、erformance since the supporting structure for thetest specimen, methods of mounting, and sealing in thelaboratory can only simulate the actual conditions that willexist in the building. Shipping, handling, installation, acts ofsubsequent trades, aging, and other environmental conditionsall may have
22、an adverse effect upon the performance of theinstalled product. This field test procedure provides a meansfor determining the performance of a product once installed inthe building.5.3 The field test may be made at the time the window,skylight, curtain-wall, or door assemblies are initially installe
23、dand before the interior of the building is finished. At this time,it is generally easier to check the interior surfaces of theassemblies for water penetration and to identify the points ofpenetration. The major advantage of testing when assembliesare initially installed is that errors in fabricatio
24、n or installationcan be readily discovered and corrections made before theentire wall with its component assemblies is completed atwhich time the expense of corrective work may be increasedmany times.5.4 The field test may also be made after the building iscompleted and in service to determine wheth
25、er or not reportedleakage problems are due to the failure of the installedassemblies to resist water penetration at the specified static airpressure difference. Generally it is possible to conduct tests onwindow, skylight, and door assemblies without too muchdifficulty, and to identify sources of le
26、akage. A curtain-wallassembly, on the other hand, may not be accessible from theinside without the removal of interior finished walls andceilings. Even with removal of interior walls and ceilings, itmay not be possible to observe curtain-wall surfaces behindspandrel beams. The feasibility of conduct
27、ing a meaningfulstatic air pressure difference water penetration test on anin-service building must be carefully evaluated before beingspecified.5.5 Weather conditions can affect the static air pressuredifference measurements. If wind gusting causes pressurefluctuation to exceed 610 % from the speci
28、fied test pressure,the test should not be conducted.5.6 Generally it is more convenient to use an interiormounted pressure chamber from which air is exhausted toobtain a lower pressure on the interior surface of the specimen.A calibrated rack of nozzles is then used to spray water at theproper rate
29、on the exterior surface. Under circumstances whereit is desirable to use an exterior-mounted pressure chamber, thespray rack must be located in the pressure chamber and airsupplied to maintain a higher pressure on the exterior surface.Exterior chambers are difficult to attach readily and seal toexte
30、rior surfaces.5.7 Even though the equipment requirements are similar,this procedure is not intended to measure air infiltrationbecause of the difficulty of isolating the component air leakagefrom the extraneous leakage through weep holes, mullionjoints, trim, or other surrounding materials.6. Appara
31、tus6.1 The description of apparatus in this section is general innature, and any arrangement of equipment capable of perform-ing the test procedures within allowable tolerances is permit-ted.6.2 Major Components (Fig. 1):6.2.1 Test ChamberA test chamber or box made ofplywood, plastic, or other suita
32、ble material and sealed againstthe test specimen. Test chambers mounted on the interior mustbe made so that interior surfaces and joints of the specimen canbe easily observed for water penetration during the test. Nopart of the testing chamber shall come in contact with orrestrict any point where wa
33、ter pentration may occur. At leastone static air pressure tap shall be provided to measure thechamber air pressure versus the ambient (interior-exterior) airpressure and shall be so located that the reading is unaffectedby exterior impinging wind, or by the velocity of air supply toor from the chamb
34、er. The air supply opening into or exhaustfrom the chamber shall be arranged so that air does not impingedirectly on the test specimen with any significant velocity. Ameans of access into the chamber may be provided to facilitateadjustments and observations after the chamber has beeninstalled.6.2.2
35、Air SystemA controllable blower, compressed airsupply exhaust system, or reversible blower designed to supplythe required maximum air pressure difference across thespecimen. The system must provide essentially constant airflow at a fixed pressure for the required test period.6.2.3 Pressure Measuring
36、 ApparatusA device to measurethe test pressure difference within a tolerance of 62%or62.5Pa (60.01 in. of water column), whichever is greater.6.2.4 Water-Spray SystemThe water-spray system shalldeliver water uniformly against the exterior surface of the testspecimen at a minimum rate of 3.4 L/m2min
37、(5.0 U.S.gal/ft2h).E1105002NOTE 3The National Weather Service Technical Paper No. 403records that in the contiguous 48 United States, the greatest rainfall for a1-h period is less than 12.7 cm (5.0 in.). The rate of 3.4 L/m2min (5.0 U.S.gal/ft2h) specified in this test method corresponds to a rainfa
38、ll of 20.3 cm(8.0 in.)/h unless otherwise specified.6.2.4.1 The water-spray system shall have nozzles spacedon a uniform grid, located at a uniform distance from the testspecimen and shall be adjustable to provide the specifiedquantity of water in such a manner as to wet all of the testspecimen, uni
39、formly and to wet those areas vulnerable to waterpenetration. If additional nozzles are required to provideuniformity of water spray at the edge of the test specimen, theyshall be equally spaced around the entire spray grid.6.2.4.2 The intake water line to the nozzle grid shall beequipped with a pre
40、ssure gage and pressure adjusting valve.For field testing, the water pressure shall be adjusted to thesame pressure at which the water spray system was calibrated.7. Hazards7.1 WarningGlass breakage will not normally occur atthe small pressure differences applied in this test method.Excessive pressu
41、re differences may occur, however, due toerror in operation or gusting wind, therefore, exercise adequateprecautions to protect personnel.7.2 Take whatever additional precautions are necessary toprotect persons from water spray, falling objects (which mayinclude tools), the spray system, or even the
42、 exterior testchamber.8. Examination of Test Specimens8.1 Select and identify the test specimen in accordance withthe procedures established in Section 10.8.2 Conduct a detailed visual examination of the test speci-men and the construction adjacent to the test specimen. Recordall pertinent observati
43、ons.8.3 If the intent is to test an operable window, skylight, ordoor, the unit should be checked for proper installation byopening, closing, and locking the unit five times prior totesting, with no further attention other than the initial adjust-ment.NOTE 4The purpose of this examination is to reco
44、rd the physicalcondition of the test specimen and adjacent construction at the time oftesting. Examples of pertinent observations to be recorded include; anydamage or deterioration observed, missing or broken components, miss-adjustment or weatherstrip or other components, cleanliness of the testspe
45、cimen, out-of-square installations, and so forth.9. Calibration9.1 The ability of the test apparatus to meet the applicablerequirements shall be checked by using a catch box, the openface of which shall be located at the position of the face of the3National Weather Service, Washington National Airpo
46、rt, Arlington, VA 22202.FIG. 1 General Arrangement of Water Penetration Test ApparatusE1105003test specimen. The calibration device is illustrated in Fig. 2.The catch box shall be designed to receive only waterimpinging on the plane of the test specimen face and to excludeall run-off water from abov
47、e. The box shall be 610 mm (24 in.)square, divided into four areas each 305 mm (12 in.) square.Use a cover approximately 760 mm (30 in.) square to preventwater from entering the calibration box before and after thetimed observation interval. The water impinging on each areashall be captured separate
48、ly.Aspray that provides at least 1.26-L/min (20-gal/h) total for the four areas and not less than 0.25L/min (4 gal/h) nor more than 0.63 L/min (10 gal/h) in any onesquare shall be acceptable.9.1.1 The water-spray system shall be calibrated at bothupper corners and at the quarter point of the horizon
49、tal centerline (of the spray system). If a number of identical, contiguous,modular spray systems are used, only one module need becalibrated. The system shall be calibrated with the catch boxesat a distance within 651 mm (2 in.) of the test specimenlocation from the nozzle. The reference point for location of thespray system from the specimen shall be measured from theexterior glazing surface of the specimen farthest from the spraysystem nozzles. Recalibrate at intervals necessary in thejudgment of the testing agency but not more than six months.9.1.2 When the calib
