1、Designation: E 1108 86 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Method forDetermination of the Recovery of a Product in aMaterials Separation Device1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1108; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the ca
2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the recov-ery of a desired product in a devic
3、e processing solid waste forthe purpose of concentrating a component of interest. Therecovery is determined with respect to the amount of thedesired component in one output stream (accepts) as opposedto another output stream (rejects). The results of this calcula-tion determine the effectiveness of
4、component separation whencoupled with a measure of product purity as described in TestMethod E 889.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if a
5、ny, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary information is given in Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM S
6、tandards:2E 889 Test Method for Composition or Purity of a SolidWaste Materials StreamE 1107 Test Method for Measuring the Throughput ofResource-Recovery Unit Operations3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 acceptsthe output stream from the materials sepa-ration devi
7、ce that contains the highest concentration (purity) ofthe component(s) that the device is designed to separate.3.1.2 binary separatora device that separates a singleinput feed stream into two output or product streams.3.1.3 componentany identifiable and defined fraction ofsolid waste.3.1.4 feedthe i
8、nput stream.3.1.5 gross samplea sample representing one lot andcomposed of a number of increments on which neither reduc-tion nor division has been performed.3.1.6 laboratory sample (or analysis sample)a portion ofone gross sample representative of a lot and taken at randomfrom the gross sample.3.1.
9、7 polynary separatora device that separates a singleinput feed stream into three or more output product streams.3.1.8 puritythe purity of a stream is defined in terms ofone or more identifiable components, x, y, z, etc. as separatedby hand sorting. The composition for any component such as xis the m
10、ass of x in a stream divided by the total mass of thatstream. Purity is expressed as a fraction, decimal fraction orpercent.3.1.9 recoverythe fraction (on a percentage basis) of aspecific component, x, in an input process stream (feed)captured or recovered into an output process stream (accepts).Rec
11、overy is calculated as a mass of x in the output stream perunit time divided by the mass of x in the input stream per thesame time, and the fraction is multiplied by 100. Alternatively,the concentration of the component(s) of interest (defined aspurity in Test Method E 889) are measured in all input
12、 and exitstreams and used to calculate recovery.3.1.10 rejectsthe output stream(s) that have low concen-trations of the component(s) of interest.NOTE 1In mass per time terms, Feed = Accepts + Rejects for anyconservation component if there is no storage term or loss of mass, forexample, moisture.3.1.
13、11 steady state operationa condition in which thematerials separator is achieving a constant recovery perfor-mance over a given time.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Percent recovery of a component can be calculatedeither by measuring the throughput of component x (mass perunit time) in the input (feed)
14、 and the throughput of component1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03.02 onMunicipal Recovery and Reuse (Disbanded 06/09).Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originallyapp
15、roved in 1986. Last edition approved in 2003 as E 1108 86 (2004)2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM websi
16、te.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.x in the output (accepts) process streams or by measuring thepurity of the input and output streams.4.1.1 The throughputs are measured as described in TestMethod E 1107.4.1.2 The pur
17、ity analyses are described in Test MethodE 889.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to document the ability of asolid waste resource recovery separator to capture the compo-nent(s) of interest in the desired process stream.5.2 The recovery determined in this way is used in conjunc-tio
18、n with the purity of the product, as described in Test MethodE 889.6. Precautions6.1 This procedure calls for the hand-picking of solid wasteand its processed fractions. Because the origin of all of thematerials is generally unknown, workers must use propersafety precautions when handling samples. W
19、orkers shall weargloves and safety glasses. When appropriate, dust masks shallbe worn. Workers must be cautioned to wash their handsthoroughly before eating or smoking.6.2 Safety precautions must be taken when collectingsamples or working near moving equipment.7. Sampling7.1 If throughputs are to be
20、 measured, samples are takenfrom input and output process streams, in accordance withprocedures included in Test Method E 1107.7.2 For a binary separator, only the input and one output orboth output streams are sampled. If only one output stream issampled, it should be the one in which the component
21、(s) ofinterest is concentrated (the accept). The output stream isalways sampled before the input stream in order not to disturbthe steady state operation of the separator.7.3 For a polynary separator, only the throughput method isused. Input plus the output containing the component(s) ofinterest are
22、 sampled.7.4 Sampling and containment must be done in a manner topreserve the integrity of the component(s) of interest and themass of the entire sample.8. Test Specimens and Samples8.1 If throughput is to be measured, follow the procedures inTest Method E 1107.8.2 If purity is to be measured, follo
23、w the procedures in TestMethod E 889.9. Conditioning9.1 If the throughput method is to be used, follow theprocedure in Test Method E 1107.9.2 If the purity method is to be used, follow the procedurein Test Method E 889.10. Procedure10.1 It is necessary that the separator attain steady stateoperation
24、 before sampling is done. Performing only onerecovery analysis does not ensure steady state conditions. Theseparator must be operating without changes in feed quantity orcomposition, and without changes in operation mode, for atleast 30 min before sampling. The results of a series ofrecovery determi
25、nations will confirm the presence of steadystate operation.10.2 If the throughput method is to be used, follow theprocedures in Test Method E 1107.10.2.1 Sample the input stream and the output stream thatcontains the concentrated fraction of the component(s) ofinterest.10.3 If the purity method is t
26、o be used, follow the proce-dures in Test Method E 889.10.3.1 Sample the input stream and both output streams.11. Calculations11.1 If throughputs are measured, calculate the percentrecovery of a component x as follows:Percent recovery of x 5 Rx5 QA3 100!/QF(1)where:QA= the throughput of x in the con
27、centrated output stream(accepts) as kg/s, andQF= the throughput of x in the input stream, as kg/s.11.2 If purity is measured, compute the percent recovery ofa component x in a binary separator as follows:Percent recovery of x 5 Rx5 PAPF2 PB# 3 100!/PFPA2 PB#(2)where:PF= the purity of the input strea
28、m, as mass of x in thestream divided by the total mass of the stream,PA= the purity of the concentrated output stream (accepts),andPB= the purity of the dilute process stream (rejects), withpurity expressed as before.11.3 If a polynary separator is employed, calculate therecovery of x in any one out
29、put stream as in 11.1.12. Report12.1 If throughput is used, calculate the recovery and recordon the report form shown as Fig. 1.12.2 If purity is used, calculate the recovery and record onthe report form shown as Fig. 2.12.2.1 A modified form is needed for polynary separators.13. Precision and Bias1
30、3.1 Since recovery is a calculation based on other standardsampling methods, the precision and bias is a function of theirstandard methods.FIG. 1 Sample Throughput Report FormE 1108 86 (2009)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection wit
31、h any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible techn
32、ical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful considerati
33、on at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Har
34、bor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 2 Sample Purity Report FormE 1108 86 (2009)3
