1、Designation: E1190 11 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Test Methods forStrength of Power-Actuated Fasteners Installed in StructuralMembers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1190; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods describe procedures for determiningthe static axial tensile and shear strengths
3、 of power-actuatedfasteners installed in structural members made of concrete,concrete masonry, and steel.1.2 These test methods are intended for use with fastenersthat are installed perpendicular to a plane surface of thestructural member.1.3 Tests for combined tension and shear, fatigue, dynamic,an
4、d torsional load resistance are not covered.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to a
5、ddress all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific hazard statements are given i
6、n Section 6.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technica
7、lBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE575 Practice for Reporting Data from Structural Tests ofBuilding Constructions, Elements, Connections, and As-sembliesE631 Terminology of Building Constructions2.2 AN
8、SI Standard:3ANSI A10.3 Safety Requirements for Powder-Actuated Fas-tening Systems3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of general terms may be found in Terminol-ogy E631.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 displacementmovement of a fastener relative to thestructural member. In tensile
9、tests, displacement is measuredalong the axis of the fastener; in shear tests it is measured in thedirection of the applied load perpendicular to the axis of thefastener.3.2.2 drive pina nail-like metal fastener designed to attachone material to another.3.2.3 edge distance, cthe distance from the lo
10、ngitudinalaxis (center) of a fastener to the nearest edge of the structuralmember in which it is installed.3.2.4 embedment depth, hefthe distance from the surfaceof the structural member to the installed end of the fastenerincluding its point, if any.3.2.5 fastener spacing, sthe distance between the
11、 longitu-dinal axes of two fasteners in the same plane. Also, distancebetween longitudinal axis of fastener and nearest edge oftest-system supports (see s in Fig. 1).3.2.6 powder-actuated fastening systema system that usesexplosive powder to embed the fastener in structural elements.3.2.7 power-actu
12、ated fastening systema system that usesexplosive powder, gas combustion, or compressed air or othergas to embed the fastener in structural elements.3.2.8 shear testa test in which a force is applied perpen-dicularly to the axis of the fastener and parallel to the surfaceof the structural member.1The
13、se test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.13on Structural Performance of Connections in Building Construction.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originallyapproved i
14、n 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E119011. DOI:10.1520/E119011R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary pag
15、e onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was develop
16、ed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.2.9 static loada lo
17、ad or series of loads that are supportedby or are applied to a structure so gradually that forces causedby change in momentum of the load and structural elements arenegligible and all parts of the system at any instant areessentially in equilibrium.3.2.10 structural memberan element of a structural
18、sys-tem such as a beam, column, or truss.3.2.11 tensile testa test in which a fastener is loadedaxially in tension at a specified rate.3.2.12 threaded studa round metal-wire fastener, with apointed shank at one end and threads along the other end,designed to be used as a removable fastening or in co
19、njunctionwith a threaded coupler.4. Significance and Use4.1 These test methods are intended to measure the anchor-ing capability and shear resistance of power-actuated fastenersto provide information from which applicable design values areto be derived for use in structural applications, such as inm
20、embers of concrete, concrete masonry, and steel.5. Apparatus5.1 EquipmentAny system suitable for applying tensileand shear forces shall be used, provided the requirements forrate of loading in 9.4 are met, and the instrumentation iscapable of measuring the forces to an accuracy within 62%ofthe appli
21、ed force, when calibrated in accordance with PracticesE4. The device shall be of sufficient capacity to preventyielding of its various components and shall ensure that theapplied tensile forces remain parallel to the axes of thefasteners and that the applied shear forces remain parallel to thesurfac
22、e of the structural member during testing. Load cellsshall be used for laboratory testing. If pressure gages are usedfor field testing, they shall be calibrated immediately prior touse.5.1.1 Tensile TestA system suitable for applying tensileforces is shown in Fig. 1 for a single fastener specimen. T
23、hetest system supports shall be of sufficient size to prevent failureof the surrounding structural member. The loading rod shall beof a size to develop the ultimate strength of the fastenerhardware with minimal elongation and shall be attached to thefastener by means of a connector that will minimiz
24、e the directtransfer of bending forces through the connection. Whendisplacements are measured, dial gages or a linear variabledifferential transformer (LVDT) shall be mounted in a mannerso as to ensure accurate displacement measurement.5.1.2 Shear Test:5.1.2.1 Asystem suitable for applying shear for
25、ces is shownin Fig. 2. for a single fastener specimen. The components of thetest fixture shall be of sufficient size and strength to preventyielding during application of the ultimate test load. The testsystem support shall be of sufficient size to prevent local failureof the structural member in th
26、e bearing contact area. Whendisplacements are measured, dial gages or a linear variabledifferential transformer (LVDT) shall be mounted in a mannerso as to ensure accurate displacement measurement.5.1.2.2 The thickness of the shear fixture in the immediatevicinity of the test fastener shall be appro
27、ximately equal to thefastener shank diameter at the point of intersection of thefastener and the base material unless otherwise specified. Thehole in the shear fixture designed to accommodate the fastenershall have a diameter that is 0.5 6 0.1 mm (0.020 6 0.004 in.)FIG. 1 Typical Static Tension Test
28、 ArrangementE1190 11 (2018)2greater than that of the fastener shank diameter tested.Alternatively, a shear fixture using a slot to accommodate thefastener instead of a round hole shall be permitted. The loadingend of the slot shall have a width that is 0.5 6 0.1 mm(0.020 6 0.004 in.) greater than th
29、at of the fastener shankdiameter tested. The non-loading end of the slot is permitted tobe larger than the fastener head or thread diameter. The initialshape of the hole or the loading end of the slot in the shearfixture shall correspond to that of the fastener shank crosssection and shall be mainta
30、ined throughout all tests. For shearfixtures using a slot to accommodate the fastener instead of ahole, loading is to be applied parallel to the slot. Worn ordeformed holes or slots shall be repaired. When required, insertsleeves shall be installed in the shear plate to meet theserequirements, provi
31、ded they do not increase deformation of theanchorage under load.5.2 Optional Displacement MeasurementsDisplacementor deformation measurements are not required to derive designdata for a given fastening system.5.2.1 Tension Test (see Fig. 1)Dial gages, having a small-est division of not more than 0.0
32、25 mm (0.001 in.), or anysuitable measurement devices or calibrated sensors of at leastcomparable accuracy and sensitivity, such as an LVDT, shall beused to measure displacement of the fastening system relativeto the structural member. The instruments shall be positionedto measure the vertical movem
33、ent of the fastener with respectto points on the structural member, at a minimum distance of40 mm (1.6 in.) from the center of the test fastener. Theinstruments shall be mounted on the fastener specimen orloading rod at a distance not more than 100 mm (4.0 in.) fromthe structural member surface, in
34、order to minimize extraneousmovements (hardware elongation) in the displacement mea-surements.5.2.2 Tests of a Group of FastenersOnly one set ofinstruments is required for a group of fasteners tested as aclosely spaced cluster. The displacement to be used for theevaluation of the findings is the ave
35、rage deformation indicatedby all instruments mounted symmetrically equidistant from thecenter of the cluster.5.2.3 Shear Test (see Fig. 2)A single dial gage, having asmallest division of not more than 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) or anysuitable measurement device, such as an LVDT, or calibratedsensor of at
36、least comparable accuracy and sensitivity shall beused to measure the displacement of the fastening systemrelative to the structural member. The instrument shall bepositioned to measure displacement in the direction of theapplied force. The displacement sensor shall be placed on thestructural member
37、 to allow the sensing element to be in directcontact with the fastener or be attached directly to the fastener.For tests on clusters of fasteners, the instrument shall lie in aplane through the axis of the shear loading rod or plate. Anextension of the axis of the shear fixture shall pass through th
38、ecentroid of the cluster of fasteners.6. Hazards6.1 Take precaution to ensure that people are not injured andthat test equipment, instrumentation, and the building, itscomponents, and its finish are not damaged prior to, during, orafter load application, by any unexpected release of potentialstrain
39、energy accumulated during testing.6.2 All operators of powder-actuated tools used for theinstallation of test specimens shall be licensed by the manu-facturer. Operators shall comply with ANSI A10.3 require-ments and local safety requirements.FIG. 2 Typical Static Shear Test ArrangementE1190 11 (201
40、8)37. Test Specimens7.1 Fastening SystemThe fastening system shall be rep-resentative of the type and lot to be used in field constructionand shall include all accessory hardware normally required.7.2 Fastener InstallationThe fasteners shall be installedusing the manufacturers installation instructi
41、ons and tools or,where specific deviation is justified, in accordance with ac-cepted field methods or to meet the requirements of the tests.7.3 Fastener PlacementAll fasteners (types, sizes, embed-ment depths) to be used in a given installation shall either betested individually or in groups of two
42、or more at the intendedspacing. Fasteners shall be installed at distances equal to orgreater than those specified in Table 1 to preclude influencesfrom adjacent fasteners or edges during testing. These dis-tances are not to be considered minimum distances. Tests shallbe performed to determine minimu
43、m spacing and edge dis-tances.7.4 Structural MemberThe structural member in whichthe fastener is to be installed shall be representative of thematerials and configuration intended for field use. Concrete ormasonry structural members do not have to be reinforced withsteel (Note 1).NOTE 1The location
44、and orientation of reinforcement embedded inconcrete and masonry members may influence fastener capacity. Theirinfluence shall be evaluated if reinforcement is used.7.5 The concrete or masonry structural member thickness,T, shall be sufficient to ensure that the installation and testingof the fasten
45、er will not crack or cause any other failure of thebase material.7.6 The length, L, and width, W, of concrete structuralmembers shall ensure that no shear breakout or tension failurespall intersects either the outside edges of the structuralmember or the bearing contact points of the test frame.7.7
46、The edge distance, c, shall be as in Table 1 where thereaction bridge in the shear test set-up shown in Fig. 2 providesa minimum 150-mm (5.9-in.) clearance along the edge of theconcrete structural member and a minimum 50-mm (2.0-in.)clearance along the edge of a steel structural member (notshown). A
47、 shear reaction bridge is not required when concreteedge distances exceed 150 mm or steel edge distances exceed50 mm.7.8 When testing fasteners installed in horizontal mortarjoints, the masonry wall shall be treated as a completestructural member. The minimum edge distances and spacinglisted in Tabl
48、e 1 for concrete structural members do not applyto masonry walls. Fasteners shall be installed in masonry wallsusing the manufacturers installation instructions or in accor-dance with accepted field methods.8. Number of Tests8.1 Tensile or Shear ResistanceFor determining the aver-age tensile or shea
49、r resistance, perform at least the minimumnumber of tests per condition specified in Table 2. Dependingon the purpose of the test, the number of tests shall beincreased. These tests shall be repeated for each variation infastener type, size, embedment depth, location, and for eachvariation in the type or strength of structural member.Alternatively, if the sample size is ten and the coefficient ofvariation is 15 % or greater, the fastener capacity shall be basedon the lowest test value for the original ten tests instead ofincreasing the sample size.8.2 Al
