1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 268及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the title: How to Treat Our Aging Population? You should write at least 130 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 中国已渐渐步入老龄化社会。 (65岁以上的老年人已占全国人口的 7%)
2、 2. 我认为应如何对待老年人群。 (社会关爱与福利制度，家庭温暖，社区服务 ) 3. 我的结论。 How to Treat Our Aging Population 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions
3、1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 The Science of Interruptions In 2000, Gloria Mark was hired as
4、a professor at the University of California. She would arrive at her desk in the morning, full of energy and ready to tackle her to-do list. No sooner had she started one task than a colleague would e-mail her with an urgent request; when she went to work on that, the phone would ring. At the end of
5、 the day, Mark had accomplished a fraction of what she set out to do. Lots of people complain that office multitasking drives them nuts. But Mark studies how high-tech devices affect our behavior, so she was able to do more than complain, she set out to measure how nuts weve all become. She watched
6、cubicle (办公室隔间 ) dwellers as they surfed the chaos of modern office life and found each employee spent only ten-and-a-half minutes on any given project before being interrupted. Each short project was itself fragmented into three- minute tasks, like answering e-mail messages or working on a sheet. M
7、arks study also revealed that interruptions are often crucial to office work. The high-tech workers admitted that many of their daily distractions were essential to their jobs. When someone forwards you an urgent e-mail message, its often something you really do need to see; if a mobile phone call b
8、reaks through, it might be the call that saves your hide. For some computer engineers and academics, this realization has begun raise an attractive possibility: perhaps we can find an ideal middle ground. If high-tech work distractions are inevitable, maybe we can re-engineer them so we receive all
9、of their benefits but few of their downsides. The Birth of Multitasking The science of interruptions began more than 100 years ago with the emergence of telegraph operators-the first high-stress, time-sensitive information-technology jobs. Psychologists discovered that if someone spoke to a telegrap
10、h operator while he was keying a message, the operator was more likely to make errors. Later, psychologists determined that whenever workers needed to focus on a job that required the monitoring of data, presentation was all important. Using this knowledge, cockpits (驾驶舱 ) for fighter pilots were ca
11、refully designed so that each dial and meter could be read with just a glance. Still, such issues seemed remote from the lives of everyday workers. Then, in the 1990s, computers began to experience a rapid increase in speed and power. “Multitasking“ was born; instead of simply working on one program
12、 for hours at a time, a computer user works on several simultaneously. Office workers now stare at computer screens of overwhelming complexity, as they juggle (操纵 ) messages, text documents, PowerPoint presentations and Web browsers. In the modern office we are all fighter pilots. Effect of Multitas
13、king: Computer-affected Behavior Information is no longer a scarce resource attention is. 20 years ago, an office worker had two types of communication technology: a phone, which required an instant answer, and postal mail, which took days. Now people have dozens of possibilities between these two p
14、oles. The result is something like “continuous partial attention“, which makes us so busy keeping an eye on everything that we never fully focus on anything. This can actually be a positive feeling, inasmuch as the constant email dinging makes us feel needed and desired. But what happens when you ta
15、ke that to the extreme? You get overwhelmed. Sanity lies in danger. In 1997, Microsoft recruited Mary Czerwinski, who once worked in NASAs Human- computer Interaction Lab, to conduct basic research to find out how computer affect human behavior. She took 39 office workers and installed software on t
16、heir computers that would record every mouse click. She discovered that computer users were as restless as hummingbird. On average, they juggled eight windows at the same time. More astonishing, they would spend barely 20 seconds looking at one window before flipping to another. Why constant shiftin
17、g? In part it was because of the way computers are laid out. A computer offers very little visual real estate. A Microsoft Word document can cover almost an entire screen. Once you begin multitasking, a computer desktop quickly becomes buried in windows. When someone is interrupted, it takes just ov
18、er 23 minutes to cycle back to the original task. Once their work becomes buried beneath a screenful of interruptions, office workers appear to forget what tasks they were originally pursuing. The central danger of interruptions is not the interruption at all, but the confusion they bring to our sho
19、rt-term memory. Ways to Cope with Interruptions When Mark and Czerwinski, working separately, looked at the desks of the people they were studying, they each noticed the same thing: Post-it notes. Workers would write brief reminders of the task they .were supposed to be working on (“Test DAs PC, Wai
20、ting for AL. “). Then they would place them directly in their fields of vision, often in a circle around the edge of their computer screens. These piecemeal efforts at coping pointed to ways that our high-tech tools could be engineered to be less distracting. Czerwinski also noticed many Microsoft p
21、eople attached three monitors to their computers. They placed their applications on different screens-the email on the right side, a Web browser on the right and their main work project in the middle-so that each application was read at a glance. When the ding on their email program went off, they j
22、ust peek to the left to see the message. The workers said this arrangement made them feel calmer. But did more screen area actually help with cognition? To find out, Czerwinski had 1,5 volunteers sit in front of a regular size 38cm monitor and complete a variety of tasks designed to challenge their
23、concentration-a Web search, some cutting and pasting, and memorizing phone numbers. Then the volunteers repeated the tasks using a computer with a massive 105em screen. On the bigger screen, some people completed the tasks as much as 44% more quickly. In two decades of research, Czerwinski had never
24、 seen a single change to a computer system so significantly improve a users productivity. The clearer your screen, the calmer your mind. Looking for Better Interruptions Mark compared the way people work when sitting in cubicles with how they work when theyre at different locations and interact onli
25、ne. She discovered people working in cubicles suffer more interruptions, but they have better interruptions because their co-workers have a social sense of what theyre doing. When you work next to others, they sense whether youre deeply immersed or relatively free to talk and interrupt you according
26、ly. Why dont computers work this way? Instead of alerting us to email messages the instant they arrive, our machines could deliver them at optimum moments, When our brains are relaxed. Eric Horvitz at Microsoft is trying to do precisely that. He has been building automated reasoning systems equipped
27、 with artificial intelligence that observes a computer users behavior and tries to predict the moment the user will be mentally free and ready to be interrupted. 2 As Marks study indicated, interruption is a highly undesirable feature in high-tech office work, and therefore we must find a way to avo
28、id them. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Telegraph operation is a less stressful, less attention-demanding information-technology job in comparison with computer operation. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Modern office workers are just like fighter pilots in that both need to monitor data of great complexity. （ A）
29、Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Multitasking, even if taken to the extreme, can give office workers a positive feeling, since frequent interruptions make them feel much needed and desired. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 According to Mary Czerwinskis research, computer users are constantly shifting from window to window
30、, pausing _ at each one. 7 Both Mark and Czerwinski noticed that some computer users relied on _ as reminders to help them cope with distractions. 8 By _, many Microsoft workers managed to get quicker, easier access to data and make their high-tech tools less distracting. 9 Czerwinski found that no
31、other change to a computer system could more significantly improve a users productivity than _. 10 People who work next to each in the same office have more but better interruptions than those who _. 11 Eric Horvitz has been working on Al system that monitors a computer users behavior and predicts _
32、. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause
33、. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） A travel agent. （ B） A customs officer. （ C） A policewoman. （ D） A bank clerk. （ A） 48 dollars. （ B） 60 dollars. （ C） 71 dollars. （ D） 72 dollars. （ A） They havent received the invitati
34、on yet. （ B） They wont be flee at the weekend. （ C） They are expected to come to the dinner. （ D） They havent replied so far. （ A） Mary is afraid of climbing stairs. （ B） Mary hates going to the hospital. （ C） Mary doesnt believe the doctor. （ D） Mary is not seriously hurt. （ A） He does not earn as
35、much money as his classmates. （ B） He does not work as well as his classmates. （ C） He does not get enough pay for his hard work. （ D） He does not have enough time for his study. （ A） He can take another flight on the same day. （ B） He can take a flight on another day. （ C） He can get his ticket the
36、 next day. （ D） He can get a confirmation file next day. （ A） Jason damaged Mikes car in an occident. （ B） Jason just bought a new car. （ C） Jason bought a new car for Mike. （ D） Jason couldnt find Mikes car. （ A） He has found a new job. （ B） He has been ill for a few days. （ C） He has been in a low
37、 mood. （ D） He has gone on a trip. （ A） To join in the sport games （ B） To have a parachute jump （ C） To travel around the world （ D） To practicing diving （ A） To be sent to the hospital （ B） To remain at home （ C） To do more physical exercise （ D） To do more housework （ A） He can take care of himse
38、lf. （ B） He can stay at home. （ C） He can jump. （ D） He can parachute. （ A） Colleagues. （ B） Mother and son. （ C） A teacher and a student. （ D） A prospective employer and an employee. （ A） He is a college professor. （ B） He is in the a computer company. （ C） He is in the advertising business. （ D） H
39、e is a computer specialist. （ A） Six months ago. （ B） Three months ago. （ C） One year ago. （ D） Two years ago. （ A） His own interest. （ B） His fathers advice. （ C） His major subject. （ D） His own decision. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each pass
40、age, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Because it is difficult to maintain a marriage. （ B） Because people like watching TV programs. （
41、 C） Because people prefer freedom to self-discipline. （ D） Because our society is permissive towards divorces. （ A） The freedom to have other sexual relations. （ B） The desire to follow every of ones impulse. （ C） The will to keep his or her own income. （ D） The wish to be his or her true self. （ A）
42、 A man and a woman should follow every of their own impulse respectively. （ B） A good marriage takes some level of compromise between the husband and the wife. （ C） A man and a woman should both have to endure dreadful self-sacrifice of file soul. （ D） A man and a woman should stop growing or changi
43、ng. （ A） Soil. （ B） Human population. （ C） Forest. （ D） Water. （ A） By using satellite images, maps, etc. （ B） By studying specific fanning methods. （ C） By studying the variation of human population. （ D） By analyzing the quality of crops. （ A） By forcing them farming. （ B） By affecting the quality
44、 of mils. （ C） By adding chemicals and pollute the waterways. （ D） By affecting the environments they live in. （ A） It won the elections easily. （ B） It lost the elections completely. （ C） It attracted considerable attention in newspapers. （ D） It didnt cause the falls on the stock exchange. （ A） Th
45、e government was replaced by the parties on the left and right. （ B） The governing coalition failed. （ C） The stock exchange fell drastically. （ D） People demanded an immediate general election. （ A） They raise the question of whether Italy is governable. （ B） They show that the governing coalition
46、wins the election. （ C） They raise the question of whether The Independent support the election. （ D） They reflect the countrys post-war political and economic fabric. （ A） The Time （ B） The Scotsman. （ C） The Yorkshire Post. （ D） The Independent. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear
47、 a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to
48、46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 There is no denying that our world is becoming more and more developed. Due to the【 B1】 _ conveniences brought about by the thriving industries of tod
49、ay, we are【 B2】 _ toward a more advanced stage of civilization. However, we should never fail to note that while we are trying every means to satisfy our【 B3】 _ needs for better quality and larger quantity by producing millions of tons of【 B4】 _ plastic bags and chopping down vast areas of forest, we are, in fact, cutting the【 B5】_ of ourselves. It is high time that we came to face the severe problem of【 B6】_ pollution mused by our inattention
