1、Designation: E1475 13 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Guide forData Fields for Computerized Transfer of DigitalRadiological Examination Data1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1475; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides a listing and description of the fieldsthat are recommended for inclusion i
3、n a digital radiologicalexamination data base to facilitate the transfer of such data.This guide sets guidelines for the format of data fields forcomputerized transfer of digital image files obtained fromradiographic, radioscopic, computed radiographic, or otherradiological examination systems. The
4、field listing includesthose fields regarded as necessary for inclusion in the database: (1) regardless of the radiological examination method (asindicated by Footnote C in Table 1), (2) for radioscopicexamination (as indicated by Footnote F in Table 1), and (3) forradiographic examination (as indica
5、ted by Footnote D in Table1). In addition, other optional fields are listed as a reminder ofthe types of information that may be useful for additionalunderstanding of the data or applicable to a limited number ofapplications.1.2 It is recognized that organizations may have in place aninternal format
6、 for the storage and retrieval of radiologicalexamination data. This guide should not impede the use of suchformats since it is probable that the necessary fields are alreadyincluded in such internal data bases, or that the few additionscan easily be made. The numerical listing and its orderindicate
7、d in this guide is only for convenience; the specificnumbers and their order carry no inherent significance and arenot part of the data file.1.3 Current users of Guide E1475 do not have to changetheir software. First time users should use the XMLstructure ofTable A1.1 for their data.1.4 The types of
8、 radiological examination systems thatappear useful in relation to this guide include radioscopicsystems as described in Guide E1000, Practices E1255, E1411,E2597, E2698 and E2737, and radiographic systems as de-scribed in Guide E94 and Practices E748, E1742, E2033,E2445, and E2446. Many of the term
9、s used are defined inTerminology E1316.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the
10、user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established
11、in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination Using IndustrialRadiographic Fi
12、lmE748 Guide for Thermal Neutron Radiography of MaterialsE1000 Guide for RadioscopyE1255 Practice for RadioscopyE1316 Terminology for Nondestructive ExaminationsE1411 Practice for Qualification of Radioscopic SystemsE1742 Practice for Radiographic ExaminationE2033 Practice for Radiographic Examinati
13、on Using Com-puted Radiography (Photostimulable LuminescenceMethod)E2445 Practice for Performance Evaluation and Long-TermStability of Computed Radiography SystemsE2446 Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Com-puted Radiography SystemsE2597 Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Di
14、gi-tal Detector Arrays1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc-tive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.11 on DigitalImaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE).Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published July 2018.
15、Originally approvedin 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E1475 02(2013). DOI:10.1520/E1475-13R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the st
16、andards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the D
17、ecision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1TABLE 1 Field ListingField NumberAField Name and Description Category Sets, Values and UnitsBHeader Information:1C,DInte
18、rmediate file name Alphanumeric string2C,DFormat revision code Alphanumeric string3C,DFormat revision date yyyy/mm/dd4C,DSource file name Alphanumeric string5 Examination file description notes Alphanumeric string6C,DExamining company/location Alphanumeric string7C,DExamination date yyyy/mm/dd8 Exam
19、ination time hh/mm/ss9C,DType of examination Alphanumeric string10 Other examinations performed Alphanumeric string11C,DOperator name Alphanumeric string12C,DOperator identification code Alphanumeric string13C,DASTM, ISO or other applicable standard specification Alphanumeric string14 Date of applic
20、able standard yyyy/mm/dd15C,DAcceptance criteria Alphanumeric string16 Notes Alphanumeric stringExamination System Description:17 Examination system manufacturer(s) Alphanumeric string18 Examination system model Alphanumeric string19 Examination system serial number Alphanumeric stringSource Section
21、:20C,DRadiologic source manufacturer Alphanumeric string21C,DRadiological source model Alphanumeric string22 General source description Alphanumeric string23 Last calibration date Alphanumeric string24 Notes on source section Alphanumeric stringImage Receptor Section:25C,DReceptor type Alphanumeric
22、string26C,DConvertor type Alphanumeric string27 Receptor manufacturer Alphanumeric string28 Receptor model number Alphanumeric string29C,DNotes on receptor section Alphanumeric stringExposure Section:30C,DPeak radiation energy used, or kV31C,DIsotope source (use either 30 or 31) Alphanumeric string3
23、2 Tube current mA33 Radiation dosage rate mR/min34 Radiation exposure time min35CSource-detector distance (SDD) m36CSource-object distance (SOD) m37CImage magnification of source side of examination object %38DNotes on exposure section Alphanumeric stringProcessing Section (Film/Paper):39DProcess de
24、scription Automated or manual40DProcess method Wet or dry41 Processor type Alphanumeric string42 Processor model number Alphanumeric string43 Notes on processor section Alphanumeric stringImage Processing Description:44C,DImage processing used for image data Alphanumeric string45 Image processor har
25、dware manufacturer Alphanumeric string46 Image processor hardware model Alphanumeric string47 Image processor software source Alphanumeric string48 Image processor software version Alphanumeric string49DPixel resolution Pixels per cm50 Notes on image processor Alphanumeric stringExamination Sample o
26、r Part Description:51CSample or part name Alphanumeric string52 Sample or part name description Alphanumeric string53CSample or part identification code Alphanumeric string54CSample or part material Alphanumeric string55 Notes on sample or part Alphanumeric string56CNumber of image segments for samp
27、le Integer number57CReference standard identification Alphanumeric string58 Reference standard description Alphanumeric string59CReference standard file name Alphanumeric string60 Reference standard file location Alphanumeric stringCoordinate System and Scan Description:61FMachine coordinate system
28、scan axis Alphanumeric string62FMachine coordinate system index axis Alphanumeric string63FMachine coordinate system z-axis Alphanumeric string64FPart coordinate system x-axis Alphanumeric string65FPart coordinate system y-axis Alphanumeric string66FPart coordinate system z-axis Alphanumeric stringE
29、1475 13 (2018)2E2698 Practice for Radiographic Examination Using DigitalDetector ArraysE2737 Practice for Digital Detector Array PerformanceEvaluation and Long-Term Stability2.2 Other Standards:ISO 12639:2004 Graphic Technology Prepress digital dataexchange Tag Image File Format for Image Technology
30、(TIFF/IT)ISO 8879:1986 Information Processing Text and OfficeSystems Standard Generalized Markup Language(SGML)2.3 Other Documents:Webpage for XML (Extensible Markup Language): WorldWide Web Consortium (W3C) http:/www.w3.org/XML/3. Significance and Use3.1 The primary use of this guide is to provide
31、a standard-ized approach for the data file to be used for the transfer ofdigital radiological data from one user to another where the twousers are working with dissimilar systems. This guide de-scribes the contents, both required and optional for an inter-mediate data file that can be created from t
32、he native format ofthe radiological system on which the data was collected andthat can be converted into the native format of the receivingradiological data analysis system. This guide will also beuseful in the archival storage and retrieval of radiological dataas either a data format specifier or a
33、s a guide to the dataelements which should be included in the archival file.3.2 Although the recommended field listing includes morethan 100 field numbers, only about half of those are regardedas essential and are marked Footnote C in Table 1. Fields somarked must be included in the data base. The o
34、ther fieldsrecommended provide additional information that a user willfind helpful in understanding the radiological image andexamination result. These header field items will, in mostcases, make up only a very small part of a radiologicalexamination file. The actual stream of radiological data that
35、TABLE 1 ContinuedField NumberAField Name and Description Category Sets, Values and UnitsB67 Number of object target points Integer number68 Object target point number Integer number69 Object target point description Alphanumeric string70 Object target point x-axis Alphanumeric string71 Object target
36、 point y-axis Alphanumeric string72 Object target point z-axis Alphanumeric string73 Description of data plane projection Alphanumeric string74 Notes on coordinate system Alphanumeric stringMeasurement Parameters:75CMinimum value of data Integer76CMaximum value of data Integer77CDynamic range resolu
37、tion Number of bits78C,DData scale Linear, logarithmic, define scale79DRelationship between film optical density and digital value Alphanumeric string80C,DDynamic range implemented Real number81CPhysical spacing of the digitization interval at the image receptor Real number in m82CData recording for
38、mat Alphanumeric stringExamination Results:83 Discontinuity location Alphanumeric string84 Discontinuity description Alphanumeric string85 Disposition Accept, reject or repair86 Notes on examination results Alphanumeric string87 Image segment number Integer number88 Image segment description Alphanu
39、meric string89 Image segment location Alphanumeric string90 Image segment orientation Alphanumeric string91 Annotation Alphanumeric string92 Notes on the data (including notes on compression) Alphanumeric string93 Total number of data points Integer number94 Actual stream of radiologic data Real num
40、berDisplay Settings:95CType of Display Alphanumeric string96ENumber of display gray values Integer number97CManufacturer of Display Alphanumeric string98CDisplay model number Alphanumeric string99EDisplay mode Negative (Film like) or Positive (real)100EGray value of original image for BLACK on displ
41、ay Integer number101EGray value of original image for WHITE on display Integer number102EFactor of gamma for scaling on display Real number103 Notes on display section Alphanumeric stringAField numbers are for reference only. They do not imply a necessity to include all these fields in any specific
42、database nor imply a requirement that fields used be in thisparticular order.BUnits listed first are SI; those in parentheses are inch-pound (English).CDenotes essential field for computerization of examination results, regardless of examination method.DDenotes essential field for radiographic exami
43、nation.EDenotes essential field for images with more than 8-bit gray scale.FDenotes essential field for radioscopic examination.E1475 13 (2018)3make up the image will take up the largest part of the data base.Since a radiological image file will normally be large, theconcept of data compression will
44、 be considered in many cases.Compressed data should be noted, along with a description ofthe compression method, as indicated in Field No. 92 (seeTable 1).3.3 This guide provides a data file for a single image. It isrecognized that a complete examination record may containseveral files for the same
45、examination method in differentareas, with or without image processing, for different exami-nation methods, and for variations within a single method (forexample, different x-ray energies). This file will permit theexamination of a single image and will include informationabout the existence of othe
46、r images and records for theexamined object. This single image may be one created byoverlaying or processing results from multiple examinationapproaches, for example, data fusion. For such images, thenotes sections must clearly state how the image for this file wascreated.3.4 The Guide E1475 data fi
47、elds are assigned at the TIFFgroup with Tag 50983, called Data fields of Guide E1475 usingXML as format for the data fields. The tag may be used by anyuser without restrictions. The Extensible Markup Language(XML) is a simple, very flexible text format derived fromSGML (ISO 8879). It is used to stor
48、e all required informationof Guide E1475 within one TIFF Tag. AnnexA1 provides moreinformation and an example.4. Description of the Field Listings4.1 Table 1 is a recommended field format for the comput-erized storage, retrieval and transfer of radiological imageexamination data. There are three col
49、umns of information, asindicated in 4.1.1 4.1.3:4.1.1 Field NumberA reference number for ease of deal-ing with the individual fields within this guide. It has nopermanent value and does not become part of the data baseitself.4.1.2 Field Name and DescriptionThe complete name ofthe field, descriptive of the element of information that wouldbe included in this field of the data base.4.1.3 Category Sets, Values or UnitsA listing of the typesof information which would be included in the field or the unitsin which the numbers are expressed. Category sets are closed(that
