1、Designation: E1792 03 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Specification forWipe Sampling Materials for Lead in Surface Dust1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1792; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers requirements for wipes that areused to collect settled dusts on surfaces for the subsequen
3、tdetermination of lead.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this sta
4、ndard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of MaterialsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Prec
5、ision of a Test MethodE1605 Terminology Relating to Lead in BuildingsE1613 Test Method for Determination of Lead by Induc-tively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry(ICP-AES), Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry(FAAS), or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spec-trometry (GFAAS) TechniquesE16
6、44 Practice for Hot Plate Digestion of Dust WipeSamples for the Determination of LeadE1728 Practice for Collection of Settled Dust SamplesUsing Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent LeadDeterminationE2239 Practice for Record Keeping and Record Preserva-tion for Lead Hazard ActivitiesF141 Terminology
7、Relating to Resilient Floor Coverings3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms not listed here, see TerminologyE1605.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 lot, na finite quantity of a given product manufac-tured under production conditions that are considered uniform.3.2.2 shelf life, nfor dust-wiping sampling, th
8、e maximumtime interval during which a wipe can be stored in an unopenedpackage and remain suitable for sampling of settled dust.3.2.3 vinyl-composite tile, na resilient floor coveringcomposed of binder, fillers, and pigments. The binder consistsof one or more resins of poly (vinyl chloride) or vinyl
9、 cholridecopolymers, or both, compounded with suitable plasticizersand stabilizers. Other polymeric resins may be incorporated aspart of the binder (See Terminology F141).3.2.4 wipe, na disposable towellette that is moistenedwith a wetting agent.3.2.4.1 DiscussionThe towellette is used to collect as
10、ample of settled dust on a surface for subsequent leadanalysis.4. Significance and Use4.1 This specification is intended for use by manufacturersand suppliers to evaluate the performance of wipe samplingmaterials for lead in surface dust.4.2 This specification may also be employed by users ofwipes t
11、o compare the performance of candidate wipes for thesampling of lead in surface dust.5. Manufacture5.1 The wipes shall be made from materials using methodsthat ensure compliance with the requirements of Sections 6 and8, and shall be clean and free of imperfections that would affecttheir performance.
12、6. General Requirements6.1 Wipes shall conform to the requirements in Paragraphs6.1.1 to 6.1.8. Test procedures for each requirement are foundin Section 8.6.1.1 Background LeadThe mean background lead con-tent per un-spiked wipes tested shall be less than 1.0 g.1This specification is under the juris
13、diction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.23on Lead Hazards Associated with Buildings.Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E1792 03. DOI:10
14、.1520/E1792-03R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Har
15、bor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.1.2 Lead RecoveriesThe mean lead recoveries fromwipes spiked with Certified Reference Materials (CRMs)having 20 g, 100 g, and 500 g (610 %) of lead per sampleshall be 100 % 6 20 % of the mean lead recovery from theCRM alone, t
16、hat is, without a wipe included in the analysis(1)3. The coefficient of variation of the recoveries of sampleswith lead levels of 20 g shall not exceed 25 %. The coeffi-cients of variation of the recoveries of samples with lead levelsof 100 g and 500 g shall not exceed 10 %.6.1.3 Collection Effcienc
17、y The minimum collection effi-ciency of at least 95 % of the wipes tested shall be 75 %.6.1.4 RuggednessWipes shall be sufficiently rugged so asto be used on a smooth surface of a vinyl-composite floor tilesuch that a minimum of 95 % of wipes tested shall reveal noholes or tears.6.1.5 Moisture Conte
18、ntEach wipe, when examined, mustbe wet both visibly and to the touch upon removal from thepackage. The coefficient of variation of moisture content ofwipes tested shall be no greater than 25 %.6.1.6 MassThe coefficient of variation in mass shall notexceed 10 %.6.1.7 SizesThe mean area of wipes shall
19、 not be less than200 cm2and shall not be greater than 625 cm2. The meanlength of either side shall not be less than 10 cm or larger than25 cm.6.1.8 ThicknessThe mean thickness of wipes shall be atleast 0.05 mm but no greater than 0.5 mm.7. Selection and Handling of Wipes for Testing7.1 Wipes to be t
20、ested shall be from a single lot and beselected in accordance with Practice E105.7.2 Wipes shall not be removed from their packages untilimmediately prior to testing.8. Procedure8.1 Background and RecoveryBackground lead (6.1.1)ofun-spiked wipes and recoverability of lead from spiked wipes(6.1.2) sh
21、all be measured in accordance with Practice E1644and Test Method E1613. Recovery of lead from CRM(s) alone,that is without a wipe included in the analysis, shall also bemeasured in accordance with the same procedure. A minimumof seven samples per each level (unspiked, 20 6 2 g,100 6 10 g, and 500 6
22、50 g) shall be tested. See Ref (2) foradditional guidelines on the spiking, digestion, and analysisprocedure.8.1.1 Compute the mean and coefficient of variation foreach set of samples. See Practice E691 for details regardingstatistical computations. Compare with the requirements of6.1.1 and 6.1.2.8.
23、2 Collection EffciencyCollection efficiency (6.1.3)shall be measured in accordance with either 8.2.1 or 8.2.2.Aminimum of seven wipes shall be tested using a smooth-surface vinyl-composite floor tile as a test surface.8.2.1 Load a delineated area of the test surface (minimumarea 900 cm2) with a know
24、n mass (0.5 6 0.05 g) of aerosolizedparticles or dust (for example, lead oxide as described in (3)and then wipe the test surface in accordance with PracticeE1728.8.2.2 Alternatively, manually distribute (4) a known mass oflead-containing CRM uniformly onto the test surface, of900 cm2minimum area, an
25、d then wipe the surface in accor-dance with E1728.8.2.3 In determining collection efficiency, the wipes shall beextracted and the lead content determined in accordance withPractice E1644 and Test Method E1613. Calculate the percentcollection efficiency (CE) for each wipe as follows:CE 5 100 3lead de
26、termination in wipe!lead deposited on test surface!8.3 Ruggednessto determine ruggedness (6.1.4), usebutted vinyl-composite floor tiles as a test surface (1800 cm2minimum area). Subject a minimum of seven wipes to the wipetest procedures described in Practice E1728. Examine eachwipe for the presence
27、 of holes or tears.8.4 Moisture ContentDetermine the mass of each wipetested before and after quantitative drying (to the nearest0.01 g). Calculate the percent moisture content (MC) (6.1.5)for each wipe as follows:MC 5 100 3mass before drying mass after drying!mass before drying8.5 MassTo determine
28、mass (6.1.7), use the data for driedwipes from 8.4. Calculate the mean mass and the coefficient ofvariation of all dry wipes.8.6 SizeDetermine the linear dimensions (6.1.7)ofaminimum of seven wipes to the nearest 1 mm. Calculate themean area of the wipes and the mean lengths of the shorter andlonger
29、 sides.8.7 ThicknessDetermine the thickness (6.1.8) of a mini-mum of seven individual dry wipes using a micrometer capableof reading to the nearest 0.01 mm. Calculate the meanthickness.9. Retesting9.1 In cases where wipes fail to pass one or more require-ments of this specification, retesting shall
30、be permitted. Boththe original data and the retesting data for each requirement forwhich retesting was conducted shall be used in determiningwhether the requirement is met.10. Packaging and Package Marking10.1 Wipes shall be wrapped individually. Wipes shall bewrapped and packaged according to trade
31、 custom.10.2 Each package shall be marked with the suppliersname, date of manufacture, lot number, and recommendedshelf life.10.3 The statement “meets ASTM E1792” shall be markedon individual packaging.Also, on general packaging, it shall bestated that the material meets the specifications delineate
32、d inthis specification, and that supporting performance data areavailable upon request.3The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.E1792 03 (2011)211. Recordkeeping11.1 All supporting data from tests conducted for each lotshall be kept by the suppl
33、ier in accordance with PracticeE2239.12. Keywords12.1 lead; surface dust; wipeREFERENCES(1) NIOSH Method 7105, “Lead by HGAAS,” NIOSH Manual ofAnalytical Methods, 4th Ed., Cassinelli, M.E. and OConnor, P.F., eds.,National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH,1994.(2) Millson,
34、 M., Eller, P. M., and Ashley, K., “Evaluation of WipeSampling Materials for Lead in Surface Dust,” American IndustrialHygiene Association Journal, Vol 55, 1994, pp. 339342.(3) Chavalitnitikul, C., and Levin, L., “A Laboratory Evaluation of WipeTesting Based on Lead Oxide Surface Contamination,” Ame
35、ricanIndustrial Hygiene Association Journal, Vol 45, 1984, pp. 311317.(4) Binstock, D.A., et al, “Preparation and Evaluation of Lead-Contaminated Dust Method Evaluation Materials,” in Lead in Paint,Soil and Dust, ASTM STP 1226, M. E. Beard and S. D. A. Iske, eds.,ASTM, Philadelphia, PA, 1995.ASTM In
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37、ly their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand s
38、hould be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on S
39、tandards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).E1792 03 (2011)3
