1、Designation: E 1996 06Standard Specification forPerformance of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, Doors andImpact Protective Systems Impacted by Windborne Debrisin Hurricanes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1996; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
2、 oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers exterior windows, glazed cur-
3、tain walls, doors and impact protective systems used inbuildings located in geographic regions that are prone tohurricanes.1.2 This specification provides the information required toconduct Test Method E 1886.1.3 Qualification under this specification provides a basisfor judgment of the ability of a
4、pplicable elements of thebuilding envelope to remain unbreached during a hurricane;thereby minimizing the damaging effects of hurricanes on thebuilding interior and reducing the magnitude of internalpressurization. While this standard was developed for hurri-canes, it may be used for other types of
5、similar windstormscapable of generating windborne debris.1.4 This specification provides a uniform set of guidelinesbased upon currently available information and research.2Asnew information and research becomes available it will beconsidered.1.5 All values are stated in SI units and are to be regar
6、dedas standard. Values given in parentheses are for informationonly. Where certain values contained in reference documentscited and quoted herein are stated in inch-pound units theymust be converted by the user.1.6 The following precautionary statement pertains only tothe test method portion, Sectio
7、n 5, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior t
8、o use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E 631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE 1886 Test Method for Performance of Exterior Windows,Curtain Walls, Doors and Impact Protective Systems Im-pacted by Missile(s) and Exposed to Cyclic PressureDifferentials2.2 ASCE Standard:4ASCE 7 American
9、Society of Civil Engineers MinimumDesign Loads for Buildings and Other Structures3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 General terms used in this specification are defined inTerminology E 631.3.1.2 Terms common to this specification and Test MethodE 1886 are defined in Test Method E 1886, unless defin
10、edherein.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 assembly elevationvertical dimension above adja-cent mean ground level at which fenestration or impactprotective system assembly is to be installed, measured to thelowest point of the assembly.3.2.2 basic wind speedthree-second gust s
11、peeds as de-fined in the latest edition of ASCE 7.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Building Constructions and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee E06.51 on Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights, and Curtain Walls.Current edition approv
12、ed Oct. 1, 2006. Published October 2006. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E 1996 05b.2See the Significance and Use Section of Test Method E 1886.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.o
13、rg. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801Alexander Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Co
14、nshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.3 combination mulliona horizontal or vertical mem-ber formed by joining two or more individual fenestration unitstogether without a mullion stiffener.3.2.4 impact protective systemconstruction applied, at-tached, or locked over an exterior glazed opening
15、system toprotect that system from windborne debris during high windevents.3.2.4.1 DiscussionImpact protective systems includetypes that are fixed, operable, or removable.3.2.5 infillglazing in a fenestration assembly or curtainwall.3.2.6 integral mulliona horizontal or vertical memberwhich is bounde
16、d at both ends by crossing frame members.3.2.7 maximum deflectionGreatest deformation of an ele-ment or component under the application of an applied force.3.2.8 maximum dynamic deflectiongreatest deformationof an element or component during the missile impact.3.2.9 meeting rail or check railone of
17、the two horizontalmembers of a sliding sash that come together when in theclosed position.3.2.10 meeting stileone of the two vertical members of asliding sash that come together when in the closed position.3.2.11 porous impact protective systeman assemblywhose aggregate open area exceeds ten percent
18、 of its projectedsurface area.3.2.12 valleya pivoting axis of an impact protectivesystem designed to rotate adjacent slats or panels outward.4. Test Specimens4.1 Number of Test Specimens:4.1.1 Fenestration Assemblies:4.1.1.1 Three test specimens shall be submitted for the largemissile test.4.1.1.2 T
19、hree test specimens shall be submitted for the smallmissile test.4.1.1.3 One additional test specimen may be submitted foreach of the tests should no more than one of the original threespecimens fail any portion of the testing.4.1.2 Impact Protective Systems:4.1.2.1 A minimum of three test specimens
20、 shall be submit-ted for the large missile test for the largest span to be qualified.4.1.2.2 A minimum of three test specimens shall be submit-ted for the small missile test.4.1.2.3 One additional test specimen may be submitted foreach of the tests should no more than one of the originalspecimens fa
21、il any portion of the testing.4.1.2.4 For systems with more than two track or mountingconditions, one test specimen shall be submitted for eachadditional combination of track or mounting condition if testedin accordance with 5.3.3.8.4.2 Test specimens shall be prepared as specified in TestMethod E 1
22、886.4.3 The size of the test specimen shall be determined by thespecifying authority. All components of each test specimenshall be full size.4.4 Where it is impractical to test the entire fenestrationassembly such as curtain wall and heavy commercial assem-blies, test the largest size of each type o
23、f panel as required bythe specifying authority to qualify the entire assembly.4.5 Fenestration assemblies and impact protective systemsintended to be mulled together shall be tested separately ortested by combining three specimens into one mounting frameseparated only by the mullions.5. Test Methods
24、5.1 Test specimens shall be tested according to Test MethodE 1886.5.2 Determine the missile based upon building classifica-tion, wind speed and assembly elevation according to Section6.5.3 Location of Impact:5.3.1 Large Missile TestImpact each impact protectivesystem specimen and each fenestration a
25、ssembly infill typeonce as shown in Fig. 1, except for additional impacts specifiedin 5.3.2 and in 5.3.3.8.5.3.1.1 Impact one specimen with the center of the missilewithin a 65-mm (212-in.) radius circle and with the center ofthe circle located at the center of each type of infill.5.3.1.2 Impact a d
26、ifferent specimen with the center of themissile within a 65-mm (212-in.) radius circle and with thecenter of the circle located 150 mm (6 in.) from supportingmembers at a corner.5.3.1.3 Impact the remaining specimen with the center ofthe missile within a 65-mm (212-in.) radius circle and with thecen
27、ter of the circle located 150 mm (6 in.) from supportingmembers at a diagonally opposite corner.5.3.2 Additional Impact Locations in Wind Zone 4(see Fig. 1):5.3.2.1 Impact the same specimen specified in 5.3.1.1 asecond time with the center of the second missile within a65-mm (212-in.) radius circle
28、and with the center of the circlelocated 150 mm (6 in.) from supporting member at a corner.5.3.2.2 Impact the same specimen specified in 5.3.1.2 asecond time with the center of the second missile within a65-mm (212-in.) radius circle and with the center of the circlelocated at the center of each typ
29、e of infill.5.3.2.3 Impact the same specimen specified in 5.3.1.3 asecond time with the center of the second missile within a65-mm (212-in.) radius circle and with the center of the circlelocated at the center of each type of infill except as specified in5.3.3.6.NOTEThe white circles denote first im
30、pact and the black circles denotesecond impact.FIG. 1 Impact Location for Large Missile Test (Each Type of Infill)E19960625.3.2.4 For test specimens with bracing at the specifiedimpact location(s), the impact location(s) shall be relocated tothe nearest area with no bracing.5.3.3 Special Considerati
31、ons:5.3.3.1 For test specimens containing multiple panels, im-pact the exterior glazing surface innermost from the exteriorplane of the fenestration assembly or impact protective systempanel innermost from the exterior.5.3.3.2 For test specimens containing fixed and operablepanels of the same type o
32、f infill, impact the operable portion.5.3.3.3 For operable test specimens, a corner impact loca-tion shall be nearest a locking device and the other cornerimpact location shall be at a corner diagonally opposite.5.3.3.4 For test specimens with bracing at the specifiedimpact location(s), the impact l
33、ocation(s) shall be relocated tothe nearest area with no bracing.5.3.3.5 The impacts on accordion impact protective systemsshall be at the valleys located closest to the impact locationsshown in Fig. 1.5.3.3.6 In Wind Zone 4, impact the integral mullion andother intermediate members such as a meetin
34、g rail, check rail,or meeting stile mid-span in lieu of the impact specified in5.3.2.3 if applicable. See Fig. 2, Fig. 3, and Fig. 4.5.3.3.7 In Wind Zone 4, for each type of mullion impact onevertical or horizontal combination mullion with the longestspan at mid span in addition to impacts specified
35、 in 5.3. SeeFig. 3.5.3.3.8 For impact protective systems that are testing speci-mens to qualify more than two track or mounting conditions inaccordance with 4.1.2.4, each such specimen shall be impactedthree times at the locations shown in Fig. 5.5.3.4 Small Missile TestImpact each impact protective
36、system specimen and each fenestration assembly infill typethree times with ten steel balls each as shown in Fig. 6.5.3.4.1 Each impact location shall receive distributed im-pacts simultaneously from ten steel balls. The impact shall bedescribed in the test report.5.3.4.2 The corner impact locations
37、shall be entirely withina 250-mm (10-in.) radius circle having its center located at 275mm (11 in.) from the edges.5.3.4.3 The edge impact locations shall be entirely within a250-mm (10-in.) radius circle at the centerline between twocorners having its center located at 275 mm (11 in.) from theedge.
38、5.3.4.4 The center impact location shall be entirely within a250-mm radius (10-in.) circle having its center located at thehorizontal and vertical centerline of the infill.NOTE 1Impact locations for small missile test may overlap dependingon the size of the specimen.5.4 Air Pressure Cycling5.4.1 Air
39、 Pressure Differential:FIG. 2 Integral MullionFIG. 3 Combination Mullion with Meeting or Check RailFIG. 4 Meeting StileFIG. 5 Impact Locations for Testing Specimens for Two Track orMounting ConditionsFIG. 6 Impact Locations for Small Missile Test (Each Type ofInfill)E19960635.4.1.1 The air pressure
40、portion of the test shall use the testloading program in Table 1. Select Pposand Pnegfor themaximum inward (positive) and maximum outward (negative)air pressure differential for which qualification is sought.5.4.1.2 The air pressure differential to be used for porousimpact protective systems shall b
41、e F (the design wind force forother structures as specified in ASCE 7) divided by thehorizontally projected area of the entire assembly.5.4.2 Except in Wind Zone 4, porous impact protectivesystems whose aggregate open area exceeds 50 % of theirprojected surface area that pass the small missile test
42、and thatare not subject to the large missile test need not be tested forthe air pressure portion of the test described in this section.5.5 For impact protective system specimens that are testedindependently of the fenestration assemblies they are intendedto protect, measure and record both the maxim
43、um dynamicdeflection and the residual deflection following the impact testand measure and record the maximum deflection in combina-tion with the residual deflection during the air pressure cyclingtest. Measure all deflections to the nearest 2 mm (0.1 in.).6. Missiles6.1 The specifying authority shal
44、l select an applicablemissile by defining a level of protection, a wind zone, and anassembly elevation above the ground.6.2 The applicable missile from Table 2 shall be chosenusing Table 3 or Table 4, unless otherwise specified.6.2.1 Unless otherwise specified, select the appropriate levelof buildin
45、g protection from 6.2.1.1-6.2.1.3 and enter Table 3 orTable 4 at the appropriate column.6.2.1.1 Enhanced Protection (Essential Facilities)Buildings and other structures designated as essential facilities,including, but not limited to, hospitals; other health carefacilities having emergency treatment
46、 facilities; jails and de-tention facilities; fire, rescue and police stations, and emer-gency vehicle garages; designated emergency shelters; com-munications centers and other facilities required for emergencyresponse; power generating stations; other public utility facili-ties required in an emerg
47、ency; and buildings and other struc-tures having critical national defense functions.6.2.1.2 Basic ProtectionAll buildings and structures ex-cept those listed in 6.2.1.1and 6.2.1.3.6.2.1.3 UnprotectedBuildings and other structures thatrepresent a low hazard to human life in a windstorm including,but
48、 not limited to: agricultural facilities, production green-houses, certain temporary facilities, and storage facilities.6.2.2 Unless otherwise specified, select the wind zone basedon the basic wind speed as follows:6.2.2.1 Wind Zone 1110 mph (49 m/s) # basic windspeed 140 mph (63m/s).7. Pass/Fail Cr
49、iteria7.1 In Wind Zones 1, 2, and 3, the specifying authority shallselect an applicable pass/fail criterion based on 7.1.1 and 7.1.2.7.1.1 Fenestration Assemblies and Non-Porous Impact Pro-tective Systems:TABLE 1 Cyclic Static Air Pressure LoadingLoadingSequenceLoading Direction Air Pressure CyclesNumber of AirPressure Cycles1 Positive 0.2 to 0.5 Ppos35002 Positive 0.0 to 0.6 Ppos3003 Positive 0.5 to 0.8 Ppos6004 Positive 0.3 to 1.0 Ppos1005 Negative 0.3 to 1.0 Pneg506 Negative 0.5 to 0.8 Pneg10507 Negative 0.0 to 0.6 Pneg508 Negative 0.2 to 0.5 Pneg3350TAB
