1、Designation: E 2198 02Standard Specification forPhytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acarina:Phytoseiidae)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers information on and two testmethods for quantification of commercial shipments of thepredator
3、y mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari-na:Phytoseiidae), predator of the two-spotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticae Koch.22. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E 2200 Specification for Information Included With Pack-aging of Multi-cellular Biological Control Organisms3. Terminol
4、ogy3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 carriervermiculite, corn grits, wood shavings, orbean leaves.3.1.2 life stage when shippedadults and immature.3.1.3 name of productPhytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot3.1.4 preferred host preytwo-spotted spider mite, Tetrany-chus urticae
5、Koch4. Classification4.1 PhylumArthropoda.4.2 ClassArachnida.4.3 OrderAcarina.4.4 FamilyPhytoseiidae.4.5 GenusPhytoseiulus.4.6 Speciespersimilis.5. Summary of Test Methods5.1 Test Method A describes a counting method for live P.persimilis shipped on vermiculite, corn grits, or wood shavingscarrier.
6、Test Method B describes a counting method for live P.persimilis per container supplied on bean leaves.5.2 Number of living P. persimilis will be determined bysampling individual containers with P. persimilis and estimat-ing total number of live P. persimilis and 95 % confidencelimits (C.L.) per cont
7、ainer. In each container, possible livecontaminants will be identified and recorded.6. Significance and Use6.1 The efficacy of two-spotted spider mite control by P.persimilis depends on accurate release rates of this predator.Accurate packaging and maintenance of viability and purity ofP. persimilis
8、 shipments are, therefore, essential for the effectivemanagement of this pest. This test method will be typicallyemployed by producers and users of the product to assess thenumber of live biological control agents delivered.TEST METHOD ADetermining the Number of P.persimilis per Container Supplied o
9、n a Bulk Carrier7. Materials7.1 Dissecting microscope or magnifier (103), non-toxicwhite glue or dish detergent, light source, scale (0.00 gr min),mixing container.8. Test Unit8.1 A single container with P. persimilis is considered a testunit. Minimum three containers per shipment should be chosenra
10、ndomly from the shipping box.9. Pre-Test Conditions9.1 Store the containers with P. persimilis between 10 and12C, RH 60 6 5 %, for a minimum of 1 h and maximum of24 h prior to examination.10. Mixing and Weight Recording10.1 Record the weight of the container with predators.Rotate the contents of the
11、 container gently until all predatorsare removed from the container wall and mixed well withcarrier. Pour half of the carrier with predators into a mixingcontainer. Mixing container should be about 4 times larger thancontainer with P. persimilis. Mix the remaining contents for afew seconds and empty
12、 into the mixing container. Rotatecarrier with predators gently for about 15 s so that carrier1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 onPesticides and Alternative Control Agents and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee E35.30 on Natural Multi-Cellular (Metazoan) B
13、iological ControlOrganisms.Current edition approved April 10, 2002. Published July 2002.2Steinberg, S., and Dale, J., “Designing and Implementing Quality Control ofBeneficials Insects: Towards More Reliable Biological Pest Control,” Sting,Newsletter on Biological Control in Greenhouses, No. 18, July
14、 1998, pp. 26-27.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harb
15、or Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.always touches container walls. Record the weight of emptycontainer and determine total weight of carrier and predators.11. Sampling11.1 Take a minimum of 5 samples per container, eachsample consisting of 2 % of carrier weight fo
16、r 200 to 500 mLcontainers, or minimum 5 % of carrier weight for 200 mLcontainers. Make sure that the material is remixed immediatelybefore taking each sample.12. Counting Arena and Test Conditions12.1 Pour a thin line of a white glue or liquid detergent toform a circle on white sheets of paper. This
17、 will preventpredators from escaping during counting. Spread each sampleinside the circle and place under a warm bulb (75 W),positioned about 27 cm above table. The test is typicallycarried out at the temperature 28 to 30C.13. Counting Procedure13.1 Record all predators running out of the carrier. A
18、dd toit the count of live and mobile predators remaining in thecarrier. Use counts from the five samples to estimate the totalnumber per container and 95 % C.L. Record and identify anyother live organisms in each sample.TEST METHOD BDetermining the Number of Live P.persimilis per Container Supplied
19、on Bean Leaves14. Materials14.1 Dissecting microscope or magnifier (103), ice packs,used newspaper.15. Test Unit15.1 A single container with P. persimilis is considered atest unit.16. Pre-Test Conditions16.1 Store the containers with P. persimilis on bean leavesbetween 10 and 12C, RH 60 6 5 %, for a
20、 minimum of onehour and maximum of 24 h prior to examination.17. Counting Arena and Sampling17.1 Spread several ice packs on the table and cover themwith newspaper. Take randomly 10 % of bean leaves from onecontainer and keep the leaves separately on the ice packs untilexamination.18. Counting Proce
21、dure18.1 Count the number of predators on upper and lower leafsurface. Check the paper for any predators that have moved offof the leaves and count these as well. Use counts from allsamples to estimate the total number per container and 95 %C.L. Record and identify any other live organisms than thep
22、redatory mite and its prey, the two-spotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticae, in each sample.19. Calculations and Interpretation of Results for TestMethods A and B19.1 The following formulas could be used to estimate thetotal number of P. persimilis per container and 95 % C.L.:x = mean number of adul
23、ts per sample,S.D. = standard deviation of the mean,f = fraction of a total contents of vermiculite in onesample,df = degree of freedom (number of samples examinedper container minus 1),n = total number of samples per container, andta(df)= t value from table of “t,” two tailed test(a=0.05)(2.776 for
24、 4 df).Estimation of total number of P. persimilis per container:x/fEstimation of 95 % C.L.:Upper Limit: x/f! 1 tadf!S.D.!/f =n!#Lower Limit: x/f! 2 tadf!S.D.!/f =n!#19.2 The number indicated on the label should fall within orbelow the C.L. bands. When the upper C.L. band is below thenumber indicate
25、d on the label, the shipment is consideredbelow the standard. Some spider mites (T. urticae) may bepresent on the leaves only as they serve as food for P. persimilisbut no other organisms should be found as contaminants in thistest.20. Product Marking20.1 Product marking is specified in Specificatio
26、n E 2200.21. Precision and Bias21.1 The precision and bias of Test MethodsAand B has notbeen determined.22. Keywords22.1 accuracy; Phytoseiulus persimilis; predator; spidermitesE2198022ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any i
27、tem mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical co
28、mmittee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
29、 meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dri
30、ve, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E2198023
