1、Designation: E2213 03 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Specification forTelecommunications and Information Exchange BetweenRoadside and Vehicle Systems 5-GHz Band DedicatedShort-Range Communications (DSRC), Medium AccessControl (MAC), and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications1This standard is issued under th
2、e fixed designation E2213; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the la
3、st revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification2describes a medium access control(MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specification for wirelessconnectivity using dedicated short-range communications(DSRC) services. This standard is based on and refers to IEEEStandards 802.11, “Wireless LAN Mediu
4、mAccess Control andPhysical Layer Specifications,” and 802.11a, “Wireless LANMedium Access Control and Physical Layer SpecificationsHigh-Speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band,” with permis-sion from the IEEE Society.This specification is meant to be anextension of IEEE 802.11 technology into the hi
5、gh-speedvehicle environment. As presented here, this specificationcontains just enough information to explain the differencebetween IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.11a operating parametersrequired to implement a mostly high-speed data transferservice in the 5.9-GHz Intelligent Transportation SystemsRadio S
6、ervice (ITS-RS) band. Potential operations within theUnlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNII) bandare also addressed, as appropriate.1.2 PurposeThe purpose of this specification is to providewireless communications over short distances between infor-mation sources and transactions stati
7、ons on the roadside andmobile radio units, between mobile units, and between portableunits and mobile units. The communications generally occurover line-of-sight distances of less than 1000 m betweenroadside units and mostly high-speed, but occasionally stoppedand slow-moving, vehicles or between hi
8、gh-speed vehicles.This specification also offers regulatory bodies a means ofstandardizing access to the 5.9-GHz frequency band for thepurpose of interoperable communications to and betweenvehicles at line-of-sight distances on the roadway.1.3 Specifically, this specification accomplishes the follow
9、-ing:1.3.1 Describes the functions and services required by aDSRC and IEEE 802.11-compliant device to operate in ahigh-speed mobile environment.1.3.2 Refers to IEEE 802.11 MAC procedures.1.3.3 Defines the 5.9-GHz DSRC signaling technique andinterface functions that are controlled by the IEEE 802.11M
10、AC.1.3.4 Permits the operation of a DSRC-conformant devicewithin a DSRC communications zone that may coexist withmultiple overlapping DSRC communication zones.1.3.5 Describes the requirements and procedures to provideprivacy of user information being transferred over the wirelessmedium and authentic
11、ation of the DSRC or IEEE 802.11-conformant devices.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued
12、by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 IEEE Standards:3802.11 Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) andPhysical Layer (PHY) Specifications802.11a Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) andPhysical Layer (PHY) SpecificationsAmendment
13、 1:High-Speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band2.2 Federal Document:4CFR 47 Title 47 Telecommunication1This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E17 on Vehicle- Pavement Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E17.51 onVehicle Roadside Communication.Current editio
14、n approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E2213 03 (2010).DOI: 10.1520/E2213-03R18.2This specification is based on IEEE 802.11, 1999 edition and IEEE 802.11a,1999 edition. This specification explains the DSRC parameters
15、as an extension ofthe IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.11a documents.3Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE),445 Hoes Ln., P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1331, http:/www.ieee.org.4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Ca
16、pitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standar
17、dization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsSee IEEE 802.11, Clause 3, in addition tothe following informa
18、tion:3.1.1 onboard unit (OBU)an onboard unit (OBU) is aDSRC transceiver that is normally mounted in or on a vehicle,but which in some instances may be a portable unit. An OBUcan be operational while a vehicle or person is either mobile orstationary. The OBUs receive and contend for time to transmito
19、n one or more RF channels. Except where specificallyexcluded, OBU operation is permitted wherever vehicle opera-tion or human passage is permitted. The OBUs mounted invehicles are licensed by rule and communicate with roadsideunits (RSUs) and other OBUs. Portable OBUs are also licensedby rule. OBU o
20、perations in the UNII bands follow the rules inthose bands.3.1.2 private (application)implementation of a DSRCservice to transfer data to and from individual or business-owned devices to enable business or user data transactions orto improve the efficiency of business data transactions.3.1.3 public
21、safety (application)implementation of aDSRC service by a government or government-sponsoredactivity as defined in CFR 47 USC section 309(j).3.1.4 roadside unit (RSU)a roadside unit is a DSRCtransceiver that is mounted along a road or pedestrian passage-way. An RSU may also be mounted on a vehicle or
22、 is handcarried, but it may only operate when the vehicle or hand-carried unit is stationary. Furthermore, an RSU operating underCFR 47 Part 90 rules is restricted to the location where it islicensed to operate. However, portable or hand-held RSUs arepermitted to operate on the control channel and s
23、ervicechannels where they do not interfere with a site-licensedoperation.An RSU broadcasts data to OBUs or exchanges datawith OBUs in its communications zone.An RSU also provideschannel assignments and operating instructions to OBUs in itscommunications zone, when required.3.2 AcronymsSee IEEE 802.1
24、1, Clause 4, in addition tothe following information:3.2.1 BPSKbinary phase shift keying3.2.2 C-MPDUcoded MPDU3.2.3 DSRCdedicated short-range communications3.2.4 FFTfast Fourier transform3.2.5 GIguard interval3.2.6 IFFTinverse fast Fourier transform3.2.7 MLMEMAC sublayer management entity3.2.8 OBUon
25、board unit3.2.9 OFDMorthogonal frequency division multiplexing3.2.10 PERpacket error rate3.2.11 PLMEPHY management entity3.2.12 QAMquadrature amplitude modulation3.2.13 QPSKquadrature phase shift keying3.2.14 RSUroadside unit3.2.15 U-NIIunlicensed national information infrastruc-ture4. General Descr
26、iption4.1 This specification defines the open systems interconnec-tion (OSI) Layer 1, physical layer, and Layer 2, medium accesscontrol layer for DSRC equipment operating in a two-way orone-way, half-duplex, active mode. The physical layer is aspecial case implementation of IEEE 802.11a technology a
27、ndthe medium access control layer is the same as the IEEE 802.11MAC.All references in this specification to IEEE 802.11 MACconcepts are incorporated in the DSRC implementation. Thisspecification establishes a common framework for the physicallayer in the 5.850 to 5.925-GHz ITS-RS band. This band isa
28、llocated for DSRC applications by the FCC in Title 47, Codeof Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 90, Subpart M and byIndustry Canada in the Spectrum Management, Radio StandardSpecification, Location and Monitoring Service (5.850 to5.925 GHz), number TBD.4.1.1 General Description of the DSRC and IEEE 80
29、2.11ArchitectureSee IEEE 802.11, Clause 5.1.4.1.1.1 How Wireless LAN Systems Are Different from WiredLAN SystemsSee IEEE 802.11, Clause 5.1.1 and sub-clauses:4.1.1.2 How DSRC Systems Are Different from IEEE 802.11Systems:(1) This specification defines a medium access control andair interface that en
30、ables accurate and valid message deliverywith communication units that are primarily mounted inhigh-speed moving vehicles. These communications may oc-cur with other units that are: (1) fixed along the roadside orabove the roadway; (2) mounted in other high-speed movingvehicles; (3) mounted in stati
31、onary vehicles; or (4) portable orhand-held. Communications may also occur between station-ary or low-speed mobile units and fixed or portable units on theroadside or off the road, in private or public areas. However,most IEEE 802.11 systems implement communications be-tween stationary units or mobi
32、le units moving at low speeds.High speeds are considered those achieved by the generalpublic and emergency vehicles on North American highways.Low speeds are considered as walking to running paces.(2) DSRC devices must be capable of transferring mes-sages to and from vehicles at speeds of 85 mph wit
33、h a packeterror rate (PER) of less than 10 % for PSDU lengths of 1000bytes and to and from vehicles at speeds of 120 mph with aPER of less than 10 % for PSDU lengths of 64 bytes.(3) As explained in the definitions, in-vehicle communica-tions units are called onboard units (OBUs). Communicationunits
34、fixed along the roadside, over the road on gantries orpoles, or off the road in private or public areas are calledroadside units (RSUs). The DSRC RSUs may function asstations or as access points (APs) and DSRC OBUs only havefunctions consistent with those of stations (STAs). The com-mon function bet
35、ween all RSUs is that these stationary unitscontrol access to the RF medium for OBUs in their commu-nication zone or relinquish control to broadcast data only.(4) In order to accommodate the more dynamic environ-ment with essentially the same radio technology and providepriority to public safety com
36、munications, DSRC uses a differ-ent channel access strategy than IEEE 802.11 units andemploys additional operating rules. This additional systemmanagement strategy is described primarily in the IEEEControl Channel and Service Channel standard (underdevelopment), number TBD.E2213 03 (2018)2(5) The es
37、sence of this strategy is the identification of acontrol channel and service channels, a system of priorityaccess, and mandatory service channel data transfer time limitswhile in motion.(6) DSRC uses a unique ad hoc mode. The DSRC ad hocmode is used on all DSRC channels as the default mode ofoperati
38、on. However, it is the only mode of operation on thecontrol channel. In this mode, the BSSID is all zeros and thereis no distributed beaconing mechanism. An OBU nominallylistens on the control channel for messages or applicationannouncements and a data exchange channel assignment, butdoes not scan.
39、The IEEE 802.11-1999 management frames arereceived and acknowledged but not acted upon in the DSRC adhoc mode.(7) RF power, sensitivity, and antenna pattern are intendedto be referenced to a standard location on the vehicle. Thisstandard location is intended to be the front bumper of apassenger vehi
40、cle or the equivalent on a commercial vehicle.Annex A3 describes the power and antenna calibration factors.4.2 Components of the IEEE 802.11 ArchitectureSeeIEEE 802.11, Clause 5.2.4.3 Logical Service InterfacesSee IEEE 802.11, Clause5.3.4.4 Overview of the ServicesSee IEEE 802.11, Clause 5.4.4.5 Rel
41、ationships Between ServicesSee IEEE 802.11,Clause 5.5.4.6 Difference Between ESS and IBSS LANsSee IEEE802.11, Clause 5.6.4.7 Message Information Contents That Support theServicesSee IEEE 802.11, Clause 5.7.4.8 Reference ModelSee IEEE 802.11, Clause 5.8.4.9 Implementation of DSRC Using IEEE 802.11 Ar
42、chitec-ture Components:4.9.1 The DSRC communications are conducted either be-tween RSUs and OBUs, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, or onlybetween OBUs, as shown in Fig. 3.4.9.2 The DSRC communications may be routed from orinto wide-area networks by portals from RSUs, as shown inFig. 4.4.9.3 The DSRC commu
43、nications may be routed betweenwide-area networks and in-vehicle networks by portals fromOBUs and RSUs, as shown in Figs. 5-7.4.9.4 DSRC devices shall implement a DSRC ad hoc modeand initialize to the settings defined in Annex A2 to operate inthe ITS-RS band.5. MAC Operation (IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 80
44、2.11a Ref-erenced Paragraphs)5.1 MAC Service DefinitionSee IEEE 802.11, Clause 6.5.2 Frame FormatsSee IEEE 802.11, Clause 7. All of thespecifications of IEEE 802.11, Clause 7, are incorporated inthis standard in addition to the requirements for a DSRC ad hocmode of operation.5.2.1 DSRC Ad Hoc ModeDS
45、RC devices shall implementa DSRC ad hoc mode of operation. In this mode, only theControl, Data, and Management type fields described beloware used. (See IEEE 802.11, Table 1). Within the Control typefield, only the RTS, CTS, and ACK subtypes are used. Withinthe Data type field, only the basic data s
46、ubtype is used. RTSand CTS shall not be used in the control channel.5.3 Authentication and PrivacySee IEEE 802.11,Clause 8.5.4 MAC Sublayer Functional DescriptionSee IEEE802.11, Clause 9. All of the specifications of IEEE 802.11,Clause 9, are incorporated in this standard in addition to therequireme
47、nts for a DSRC ad hoc mode of operation.5.4.1 DSRC Ad Hoc ModeIn the DSRC ad hoc mode ofoperation, only three frame exchange sequences, “Data,”“Mgmt,” and “RTS - CTS-Frag - ACK - Last - ACK” areused (see IEEE 802.11, Table 21).5.5 Multirate SupportFor the 5-GHz PHY, the time re-quired to transmit a
48、frame for use in the Duration/ID field isdetermined using the PLME-TXTIME.request primitive andthe PLME-TXTIME.confirm primitive. The calculationmethod of TXTIME duration is defined in IEEE 802.11a,Clause 17.4.3.6. Layer Management6.1 See IEEE 802.11, Clause 10.FIG. 1 RSU Communicating With an OBUE2
49、213 03 (2018)36.2 Add to IEEE 802.11, Clause 10: Remove the referencesto aMPDUDurationFactor from 10.4.3.1.6.3 Add to IEEE 802.11, Clause 10:6.3.1 PLME-TXTIME.request:6.3.1.1 FunctionThis primitive is a request for the PHYtocalculate the time that will be required to transmit a PPDUcontaining a specified length MPDU, and using a specifiedformat, data rate, and signaling onto the wireless medium.6.3.1.2 Semantics of the Service PrimitiveThis primitiveprovides the following parameters: PLME-TXTIME.request(TXVECTOR). The TXVECTOR represe
