1、Designation: E2316 14Standard Test Method forDetermination of Particles Resulting from the Attrition ofGranular Pesticides1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2316; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used to determine the amount andparticle size distribution curve of particles with diam
3、eter 106micrometers or smaller resulting from the attrition of granularpesticides.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this stan
4、dard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatement, see Section 8.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE725 Test Method
5、for Sampling Granular Carriers andGranular Pesticides2.2 CIPAC Standard:CIPAC Test Method MT 18733. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 finesa synonym for particles with diameter of 106micrometers or smaller.3.1.2 micron and m synonyms for micrometer.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The initial weight of a
6、 test sample of granular pesticideis determined. The sample is then air jet sieved using 106micron openings to remove the inherent fines. The fines-freegranules are then combined with glass beads in a glass jar, thelid is placed on the jar, and the jar is placed on a roller systemwith a drive bed ca
7、pable of rotating the jar at a known rpm.After rolling for a specified time period, the jar is removedfrom the rollers and the contents of the jar are poured througha sieve sized to remove the glass beads. The sample minus theglass beads is again air jet sieved using 106 micron openings toremove the
8、 fines attrited during the rolling of the jar. The totalof particles smaller than 106 microns for the test sample is theinherent fines plus the attrited fines. The particle size distribu-tion curve of the combined inherent and attrited fines isdetermined by laser light diffraction using CIPAC Test M
9、ethodMT 187.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is designed specifically for granularpesticide formulations.5.2 This test method helps provide information on healthhazards likely to arise from exposures by the inhalation route.It can be of use in selecting dose levels for chronic studies and
10、for establishing safety criteria for human exposure.5.3 The amount of fines determined by this method is ameasure of potential inhalation and respiration toxicity becausethe hazards of inhaled solid substances are influenced byphysical factors such as particle size.6. Apparatus6.1 Roller System, two
11、 or more rollers with a drive bed,capable of rotating the specified glass jar at 75 6 15 rpm.6.2 Glass Jar, with lid, capacity 500 mL, outer diameter 8cm, height 15 cm.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 onPesticides, Antimicrobials, and Alternative Control Agentsand is
12、 the direct respon-sibility of Subcommittee E35.22 on Pesticide Formulations and Delivery Systems.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E231603(2014). DOI:10.1520/E2316-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,
13、visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The size distribution of the particles with sieve diameter less than 106 m isdetermined by l
14、aser light diffraction using CIPAC Test Method MT 187.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16.3 Glass Beads, diameter 4.0 6 0.2 mm, bulk density 1.5g/cc.6.4 Micron Air Jet Sieve, with GAZ 125 cyclone finescollector or Alpine
15、 Air Jet Sieve, with GAZ 125 cyclone finescollector,4or equivalent.6.5 Sieves, U.S. standard series conforming to SpecificationE11, diameter 8 in. (203 mm), height 2 in. (51 mm): 10-mesh(2 mm openings), 140-mesh (106 m openings).NOTE 1The amount of particles with sieve diameter 106 m orsmaller is de
16、termined by sieving.6.6 Balance, sensitivity of 0.01 g.6.7 Hygrometer, minimum range of 25 to 95 % relativehumidity.6.8 Apparatus specified in CIPAC Test Method MT 187.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Granular pesticide to be tested.7.2 Reagents and materials specified in CIPAC Test MethodMT 187.8. Haza
17、rds8.1 Before testing, read the precautionary statements on theproduct label and the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).Take proper precautions to prevent skin contact and inhalationof the fines. Take care to prevent contamination of thesurrounding area. Always wear the appropriate safety equip-ment
18、and, where indicated, wear respiratory devices approvedby the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH) for the product being tested.8.2 Storage, handling, and disposal of test pesticides shouldbe done with consideration for health and environmentalsafety, and in accordance with fe
19、deral, state, and local regula-tions.9. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units9.1 See Test Method E725 for proper sampling practices andprocedures to reduce a gross sample to a representative,suitable size for this test method.10. Preparation of Apparatus10.1 For all apparatus, see manufacturers i
20、nstructions forproper calibration, operation, and maintenance.11. Procedure11.1 The test sample should be 15 g, nominal. The exactamount of each sample should be recorded for use in necessarycalculations.11.2 Weigh the test sample to the nearest 0.01 g (15 gnominal) and record as W (granules plus in
21、herent inhalableparticles).11.3 Weigh the cyclone collection jar to the nearest 0.01 gand record as J1. Attach the jar to the apparatus.11.4 Measure and record the relative humidity of the air thatwill come in contact with the granules. In the absence ofhumidity controlled air, the air of concern wi
22、ll be the air of theroom in which the tests are performed.11.5 Place the 106 m sieve in the air jet manifold of theMicron Air Jet Sieve or Alpine Air Jet Sieve. Gently transferthe entire test sample to the sieve and put the sieve cover inplace. Set the timer for 3 min. Start the vacuum and adjust th
23、evacuum gauge to read 7 to 9 in. of water (1.7 to 2.4 kPa).During the sieving period, material adhering to the sieve coveror sieve sides may be loosened by use of tapping or by use oftrace amounts of anti-static compound.11.6 After sieving, determine to the nearest 0.01 g theweight of granules retai
24、ned on the sieve and record the weightas R1 (granules minus inherent fines).11.7 Determine to the nearest 0.01 g the weight of thecyclone collection jar plus inherent fines and record the weightas J2. Leave the fines in the jar. Reattach the jar to theapparatus.11.8 Calculate the weight per cent, to
25、 the nearest 0.1 %, ofthe inherent fines (IF) as determined by the weight of the finescollected in the jar. Use the following formula:% IF 5 J2 2 J1!W# 3100 (1)11.9 Transfer all the granules (R1) from the 106 m sieveinto the 500 mL jar. Add an equal weight (6 1 g) of glassbeads. Place the lid on the
26、 jar.11.10 Place the jar on the roller. Measure the rotationalspeed of the jar, which must be 75 6 15 rpm. Calculate thetime period needed for 4500 revolutions, using the followingformula:Time period 5 4500measured rpm of the jar (2)11.11 Rotate the jar for 4500 6 10 revolutions. Record thetime peri
27、od and rpm with the data. With the rpm held constant,this time period should be used for all subsequent tests.11.12 Remove the jar from the roller.11.13 Again, place the 106 m sieve in the air jet manifoldof theAir Jet Sieve. Place the 2 mm sieve on top of the 106 msieve.11.14 Gently pour the conten
28、ts of the jar onto the 2 mmsieve (see Note 2). Be sure any material adhering to the jar wallis transferred from the jar. Be sure any material adhering to theglass beads retained on the 2 mm sieve is loosened and passesonto the 106 m sieve below.NOTE 2A sieve with openings that will retain the glass
29、beads butallow the granules to pass through must be used, and a reasonable size formost granular pesticides is 2 mm. If needed, a sieve with openings largerthan 2 mm can be used.11.15 Remove the 2 mm sieve and place the sieve cover onthe 106 m sieve. Set the timer for 3 min. Start the vacuum andadju
30、st the vacuum gauge to read 7 to 9 in. of water (1.7 to 2.4kPa). Material adhering to the sieve cover or sieve sides maybe loosened by tapping or by use of trace amounts of anti-staticcompound.4The Micron Air Jet Sieve and the Alpine Air Jet Sieve use the same principleof design and working componen
31、ts. Both are products of Hosokawa MicronInternational of New York. The GAZ 125 cyclone fines collector is an accessory.E2316 14211.16 Determine to the nearest 0.01 g the weight of thecyclone collection jar containing the combined inherent finesplus attrited fines and record the weight as J3.11.17 Ca
32、lculate the weight percent, to the nearest 0.1 %, ofthe total fines (TF) as determined by the weight of the fines inthe jar. Use the following formula:% TF 5 J3 2 J1!W# 3100 (3)11.18 Save the total fines (inherent plus attrited) from thecyclone collection jar for particle size distribution analysis
33、bylaser light diffraction using CIPAC Test Method MT 187.311.19 Clean and dry the sieves, glass beads, roller jar, andcyclone collection jar.11.20 Repeat the test, 11.1 through 11.19, two more timesusing fresh samples.11.21 Combine the collection of (3) total fines.11.22 Analyze the combined total f
34、ines from 11.21 forparticle size distribution by CIPAC Test Method MT 187.12. Report12.1 Report the average of three (3) test sample results.Table 1 is a guide for reporting.12.1.1 Report the particle size results of the combined totalfines as follows:12.1.1.1 Particle size: d (10%), d (50%) and d (
35、90%).12.1.1.2 Particle size distribution printout.13. Precision and Bias13.1 When the set of three test results yields an average of0.9 to 1.1 % fines, any two of the three must not differ morethan 25 % from each other. Below this level of fines, theallowable variation increases significantly, while
36、 above thislevel it decreases significantly. Limits for these have not beenassigned.13.2 This test method does not contain pass/fail limits. Theymust be set by the test method user in accordance with thepurposes for using the test.13.3 Increasing the size of the test sample to more than thenominal 1
37、5 g specified will increase the variability in the testresults.13.4 Particle size distribution analysis by light diffractionrequires a minimum weight of fines which, in most cases, willbe 0.3 g.14. Keywords14.1 attrition; exposure; granular pesticide; health hazard;inhalation; inhalation particles;
38、inhalation toxicity; particle sizedistributionASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, a
39、nd the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revis
40、ion of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you s
41、houldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be ob
42、tained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 1 Weight % Particles with Diameter 106 Microns orSmaller (Fines)SampleSampleWeight,gInherent Fines,Wt %Attrited Fines,Wt %Total Fines,Wt %123AverageE2316 143
