1、Designation: E 2541 07Standard Guide forStakeholder-Focused, Consensus-Based DisasterRestoration Process for Contaminated Assets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2541; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 To ensure a publicly acceptable and timely restoration ofan asset contaminated as a result of a nat
3、ural or man-madedisaster, including a terrorist event, it is essential to have apre-planned strategy developed and tailored at the communitylevel and facilitated by the government which advocates thesupport and involvement of the affected community duringsuch a crisis period. This pre-planned strate
4、gy for restorationwill need to be seamlessly incorporated into the overallemergency management process within the community. Thisguide presents a framework (that is, strategy) for involving thepublic in a stakeholder-focused, consensus-based event resto-ration process, for those situations where suc
5、h involvement isessential to move a stalled (due to stakeholder issues) restora-tion process forward. This framework is designed to be anevent-specific, community-specific process to help prioritizeand consider actions necessary to optimize the restoration of anasset contaminated as the result of a
6、disaster.1.2 This guide is intended to describe a highly flexiblerestoration planning process, and therefore does not specify orrecommend a specific course of action for this activity.1.3 This guide is intended to assist in the implementation ofa restoration planning process allowing a holistic asse
7、ssmentand balancing of the impacts associated with human health,ecology, socio-cultural values, and economic implications. It isintended to be used in alignment with current Federal Emer-gency Management Agency (FEMA) guidance and otherguides and agency procedures and requirements to addressspecific
8、 stakeholder issues and concerns.1.4 After completing the immediate response and stabiliza-tion phase of a disaster that required Federal assistance throughestablishment of a Joint Field Office (JFO) in accordance withthe National Response Plan, mitigation and recovery activitieswill need to be plan
9、ned and initiated to address the significantlong-term impacts for any contaminated assets in the affectedarea. This guide provides a process that can be used by the JFOto gain stakeholder consensus on the restoration of these assets.1.5 The user should consult other restoration-related stan-dards, r
10、egulations, and sources for specific methods in theutilization of predictive models or other analysis tools that maybe required under a restoration planning assessment.1.6 Although the implementation of a restoration planningprocess is intended for use after a disaster occurs, it needs to bean integ
11、ral part of a communitys pre-event planning activitiesand incorporated into appropriate community response plans.Identifying the important assets of a community and keystakeholders associated with each respective asset, before anevent occurs through a process such as Community AssetMapping, will hel
12、p ensure a more efficient restoration processfollowing an actual contamination of the asset in a disastrousevent.1.7 This standard guide does not purport to address all ofthe safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard guide to establishappr
13、opriate safety and health practices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 1739 Guide for Risk-Based Corrective Action Applied atPetroleum Release SitesE 1984 Guide for Brownfields RedevelopmentE 2348 Guide for Framework
14、for a Consensus-based Envi-ronmental Decision-making Process2.2 Other Documents:(SARA Title III, 42 U.S.C. 11001 et seq.) EmergencyPlanning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA)of 1986(Act 1990-165, 35 P.S. 6022.101 et seq.) HazardousMaterial Emergency Planning and Response ActNRP 2004 National Re
15、sponse Plan, including the Nuclear/Radiological Incident Annex, Emergency Support Func-tion #10 (Oil and Hazardous Materials Response Annex)and Emergency Support Function #14 (Long-Term Com-munity Recovery and Mitigation Annex). December,1This Guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E54 Ho
16、melandSecurity Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E54.02Emergency Preparedness, Training, and Procedures.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2007. Published September 2007.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at
17、 serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2004. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Washin
18、g-ton, D.C.P/CCRARM (The Presidential/Congressional Commissionon Risk Assessment and Risk Management). 1977a. RiskAssessment and Risk Management in Regulatory Deci-sion Making. Volume II, Washington, D.C.P/CCRAM (The Presidential/Congressional Commissionon Risk Assessment and Risk Management). 1997b
19、.Framework for Environmental Health Risk Management.Final Report. Volume I, Washington, D.C.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 affected stakeholder, nany individual, group, com-pany, organization, government, tribe, or other entity whichmay be directly affected by the outcome of the specificrestora
20、tion planning process.3.1.2 asset, nproperty of a community to which (forpurposes of this standard) a high monetary, ecological, orsocio-cultural, or a combination thereof, value can be assigned,but which has no essential service or critical infrastructurefunction within the community. (There would
21、be no need forthis consensus-based restoration process in cases where com-plete restoration of critical infrastructure is obligatory.)3.1.2.1 DiscussionSome examples of assets include stat-ues and monuments, historical landmarks, forests and naturepreserves, watersheds, parks and recreational areas,
22、 culturaland archaeological sites, sports and entertainment pavilions,tourist attractions, government facilities, roads, streets, bridges,utilities, dams, and infrastructure.3.1.3 community, ngroup or groups of individuals, wholive or work in specific neighborhoods, areas, or regions.3.1.4 community
23、 asset mapping, vdocumenting the tan-gible and intangible resources of a community where assets areto be preserved and enhanced.3.1.5 informed consent, nagreement reached between theresponsible party(ies) and the affected stakeholders, which isobtained by a process by which affected stakeholders (1)
24、 areinformed about the issues, concerns and priorities of all otheraffected stakeholders; (2) are directly involved in developingcriteria for selecting solution(s); and (3) consider the balancingof trade-offs to achieve procedurally defined consensus onspecific initiatives and actions identified thr
25、ough the restorationplanning process.3.1.5.1 DiscussionMulti-criteria decision analysis meth-ods can be useful in sorting through and resolving differencesamong stakeholders with diverse opinions to help reach in-formed consent.3.1.6 interested party, nany individual, group, company,organization, or
26、 other entity which is not an “affected stake-holder” but which is interested in the outcome of the particularrestoration planning process.3.1.7 regulator, nlocal, regional, state/provincial, or fed-eral government agency or person employed therein for thepurpose of administering or enforcing compli
27、ance with lawsand regulations, which may be a stakeholder, a decision-maker,or an advisor to the responsible partys(ies) lead StakeholderCommittee.3.1.8 responsible party(ies), nspecific Federal, State, lo-cal, or tribal government, private sector or non-governmentalorganization(s) designated to be
28、responsible for the restorationof an asset that was contaminated in a disastrous event.3.1.8.1 DiscussionFor example, upon request, the Federalgovernment assists State, local, and tribal governments todevelop and execute recovery plans. In accordance with theNational Response Plan, the Environmental
29、 Protection Agencymay be designated as the Emergency Support Function Coor-dinator and consequently the “responsible party” when adisaster results in the spread of radiological contamination orother hazardous materials.3.1.9 restoration, nreturning the assets of a community toa normal, natural, or h
30、ealthy condition as determined througha structured framework of decision making and communityaction.3.1.10 stakeholder committee, nentity lead by the respon-sible party(ies) which is directly involved in the decisionsmade within the restoration planning process.3.1.10.1 DiscussionIt is composed of a
31、ffected individualsor representative(s), or both, selected from each group ofstakeholders. Members of the Stakeholder Committee areresponsible to act as liaisons with their respective stakeholdergroups.3.1.11 stakeholder consensus on disaster restoration plan-ning process, nresponsible party(ies)-le
32、d and stakeholder-involved, community-specific process to help assess, prioritize,and select restoration actions to be implemented with the goalof optimizing the restoration of an affected asset following adisastrous event, which considers and balances the full spec-trum of human health, ecological,
33、 socio-cultural, and economicimpacts.3.1.11.1 DiscussionIn the National Response Plan ex-ample given above, the Joint Field Office would serve as thecentral coordination point among Federal, State, local, andtribal agencies and voluntary organizations for this restorationplanning process as well as
34、for delivering recovery assistanceprograms.4. Summary of Guide4.1 The StakeholderFocused Consensus-Based EventRestoration Planning Process is a responsible party(ies)-led,stakeholder-focused, event-specific, and community-specificprocess established to help assess, prioritize and select opti-mized a
35、nd timely actions to effect the efficient restoration of acontaminated asset to its original or agreed upon alteredcondition and use. The restoration planning process is designedto consider and balance the events implications on humanhealth, ecology, socio-cultural values, and economic impacts.The S
36、takeholder Committee, established by the responsibleparty(ies), will consider issues related to environmental justice,which relates to the fair treatment and meaningful involvementof all people, regardless of race, ethnicity, income, nationalorigin or education level. The restoration planning proces
37、s isan iterative process comprised of five main steps: (1) affectedstakeholder identification and formation of the StakeholderCommittee; (2) information gathering; (3) forecasting; (4)establishment of informed consent; and (5) implementation andevaluation of initiatives.E 2541 0724.2 The restoration
38、 planning process focuses on the holisticassessment of the impacts of any event restoration project. Byutilizing effective, science-based tools and active involvementof affected stakeholders, the responsible party(ies) (with assis-tance from the affected stakeholders) can readily identify andmanage
39、the most important issues related to the timely andacceptable restoration of the affected asset.4.3 There is no set prescriptive path that can be universallyfollowed when initiating or participating, or both, in therestoration planning process. The process must be tailored tomeet the specific needs
40、of the affected community and condi-tions of the disaster. Depending on the needs and prioritiesdictated by the specifics of the disaster, different analysis toolsmay be needed to address specific issues.5. Significance and Use5.1 The understanding and management of the interrelation-ship between hu
41、man health, ecological condition, socio-cultural values, and economic well-being of the communityand the high-value asset is essential to timely and acceptablerestoration. This standard guide is designed to help responsibleparty(ies) with the identification and integration of affectedstakeholders an
42、d with the establishment of a process to identifyand resolve key issues essential to a satisfactory restoration.The standard guide is presented herein as a “framework” tohelp ensure that all the restoration planning process compo-nents (that is, human health, ecological condition, socio-cultural val
43、ues and economic well-being) are considered. Theframework is designed to allow a user to determine whichcomponents of the process are applicable to the restorationproblem being addressed, and to establish the level of analyti-cal detail necessary for each component. It provides generalguidance to he
44、lp with the selection of approaches and methodsfor specific analysis of each of the major restoration planningcomponents (that is, human health, ecological condition, socio-cultural values, and economic well-being).5.2 By actively involving affected stakeholders in the res-toration decision-making p
45、rocess, it will help the user to orientthe process to prioritize and consider the most important issuesof those whos lives are most directly impacted by theconsequences of the event and resulting restoration. This notonly greatly increases the chances of a successful and accept-able restoration, but
46、 will also help promote public trust in theresponsible partys ability to rapidly restore the high-valueasset(s).6. Consensus-Based Disaster Restoration Decision-Making Framework6.1 Identification of Affected Stakeholders and Formation ofa Stakeholder Committee:6.1.1 Stakeholders are at the center of
47、 the restorationplanning process, and are involved from the planning throughthe implementation phases, providing input at the issue iden-tification, decision-making, and restoration stages. The affectedstakeholders are key contributors to decision-making, ratherthan just providing feedback about dec
48、isions made by others.6.1.2 It is necessary to both identify and involve all the keyaffected stakeholders and interested parties. An active two-waycommunication process is essential and required to identify keystakeholders early in the process. Affected stakeholders gener-ally fall into three broad
49、categories: (1) the community (forexample, the occupants of the building(s)/asset(s), localizedgeneral public, non-governmental organizations with a directstake, investors and investor organizations); (2) government(for example, municipal, regional, tribal, state/provincial, orfederal, or a combination thereof, responsible agencies, andregulatory agencies); and (3) commercial (for example, privateowners, local businesses, and industry). These groups shouldbe invited to select a representative(s) to participate on theStakeholder Committee; the most effective re
