1、Designation: E2681 13Standard Guide forEnvironmental Management of Underground Storage TankSystems Storing Hazardous Substances or Petroleum1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2681; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis guide provides an overview of environmental practices for design, installation, oper
3、ation andmaintenance, and corrective action for underground tank systems used for storage of hazardoussubstances and petroleum products. The training and application of these practices should serve toprevent accidental releases of petroleum or hazardous substances from underground storage tanksystem
4、s and to facilitate effective detection and response when and if such releases do occur. Theguide is intended for use by tank system owners and operators and other persons concerned withpractices for prevention and control of environmental releases and remediation of affected environ-mental media. T
5、he guide provides an overview of environmentally sound management practices,identifying key management considerations and referring the user to other related ASTM standardsand industry guidelines for more detailed information. All personal safety considerations are notaddressed in this guide, and it
6、 is the responsibility of the user to identify relevant safety and healthprotection practices and regulations related to tank system management. Caution is warranted due tothe flammable or combustible property of some materials stored in underground storage tanks. Firecodes should be followed.1. Sco
7、pe1.1 The framework discussed in this guide is limited tofacilities with underground storage tanks (USTs) storing haz-ardous substances or petroleum at ambient temperature andatmospheric pressure. This guide is not intended to providedetailed technical specifications for implementation of theapproac
8、hes described in this document, nor to be used as anenforcement tool, but rather to identify the important informa-tion used for environmental management of underground tanksystems. The term “must” is used where United States federalrequirements apply. References to ASTM standards and otherindustry
9、guidelines have been provided to address implemen-tation of the approaches discussed in this guide. Many statesand some local agencies have adopted UST rules that placeadditional responsibilities on the owners/operators of USTsystems. Refer to state and local regulations that may containadditional r
10、equirements. It is not possible to identify allconsiderations or combinations of conditions pertinent to aunique underground storage tank system.1.2 This guide addresses principal considerations related tothe prevention and response for environmental releases fromtank systems and is organized in the
11、 sections listed below:Section 1: ScopeSection 2: Lists relevant ASTM Standards and other industryor regulatory guidance documentsSection 3: Defines the key terminology used in this guideSection 4: Describes the significance and use of this guideSection 5: Tank System Design and InstallationSection
12、6: Preventive Maintenance and Inspection PlanSection 7: Fueling ProcedureSection 8: Corrective Action for Affected EnvironmentalMediaSection 9: Tank System ClosureSection 10: Tank Management Practice Education andTrainingAppendix X1: Recurring Release Detection and CathodicProtection Requirements (Q
13、uick Glance) isintended to be a quick reference guide formonitoring informationRelated Material: Documents related to environmental managementof underground storage tanks1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E50 on EnvironmentalAssessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action and i
14、s the direct responsibil-ity of Subcommittee E50.01 on Storage Tanks.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2013. Published March 2013. DOI: 10.1520/E2681-13.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.3 The values stated in inch-poun
15、d units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health
16、 practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specifichazards statements are given in Section 7 on Hazards.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D5745 Guide for Developing and Implementing Short-TermMeasures or Early Actions for Site RemediationE1739 G
17、uide for Risk-Based Corrective Action Applied atPetroleum Release SitesE1912 Guide for Accelerated Site Characterization for Con-firmed or Suspected Petroleum ReleasesE1990 Guide for Performing Evaluations of UndergroundStorage Tank Systems for Operational Conformance with40 CFR, Part 280 Regulation
18、sE2081 Guide for Risk-Based Corrective ActionE2616 Guide for Remedy Selection Integrating Risk-BasedCorrective Action and Non-Risk Considerations2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Standards:3API RP 1007 Loading and Unloading of MC-306 andDOT-406 Cargo Tank Motor VehiclesAPI RP 1604 Closure of Us
19、ed Underground PetroleumStorage TanksAPI RP1615 Installation of Underground Petroleum StorageSystemsAPI RP 1621 Bulk Liquid Stock Control at Retail OutletsAPI RP 1626 Storage and Handling of Ethanol andGasoline-Ethanol Blends at Distribution Terminals andFilling StationsAPI Publication 1628 Guide to
20、 the Assessment and Reme-diation of Underground Petroleum ReleasesAPI Publication 1629 Guide for Assessing and RemediatingPetroleum Hydrocarbons in SoilsAPI RP 1632 Cathodic Protection of Underground Petro-leum Storage Tanks and Piping SystemsAPI Publication 4509 Design, Construction, Operation,Main
21、tenance and Inspection of Terminal and Tank Facili-ties2.3 Underwriters Laboratory (UL) Standards4UL 58 Standard for Steel Underground Tanks for Flammableand Combustible LiquidsUL 87A Power-Operated Dispensing Devices for Gasolineand Gasoline/Ethanol Blends With Nominal Ethanol Con-centrations Up To
22、 85 Percent (E0 - E85)UL 971 Standard for Nonmetallic Underground Piping forFlammable LiquidsUL 1316 Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Underground Stor-age Tanks for Petroleum Products, Alcohols, and Alcohol-Gasoline MixturesUL 1746 Standard for External Corrosion Protection Sys-tems for Steel Undergro
23、und Storage Tanks2.4 National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE)Standards5NACE RP0285 Control of External Corrosion on Under-ground or Submerged Metallic Piping SystemsNACE Corrosion Data Survey Metals and Nonmetals Sec-tions. Hamner, N.E. (ed.), 19752.5 National Fire Protection Association (
24、NFPA) Stan-dards:6NFPA 30 Flammable and Combustibles Liquids CodeNFPA 30A Code for Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities andRepair GaragesNFPA 326 Standard for the Safeguarding of Tanks andContainers for Entry, Cleaning, or RepairNFPA 385 Standard for Tank Vehicles for Flammable andCombustible Liquids2.6
25、 Petroleum Equipment Institute (PEI) Standards:7PEI RP100 Recommended Practice for Installation of Un-derground Liquid Storage SystemsPEI RP900 Recommended Practices for the Inspection andMaintenance of UST Systems2.7 Steel Tank Institute (STI) Standards:8STI-P3 System for External Corrosion Protect
26、ion of Under-ground Steel Storage TanksSTI F841-01 Standard for Dual Wall Underground SteelStorage TanksSTI ACT-100 External Corrosion Protection of FRP Com-posite Steel Underground Storage TanksSTI ACT-100-U External Corrosion Protection of Compos-ite Steel Underground Storage TanksSTI Document “Ke
27、eping Water Out of Your Storage Sys-tem”STI F922 PERMATANK (trademarked) Double Wall Steel-Fiberglass Underground Storage Tank2.8 United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Standards:9EPA/510-B-93-005 USEPA Manual Tank Gauging for SmallUnderground Storage TanksEPA 510-B-05-002 USEPA Opera
28、ting and MaintainingUnderground Storage Tank SystemsPractical Help andChecklists2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page
29、onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,Washington, DC 20005-4070, http:/www.api.org.4Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas,WA 98607-8542, http:/.5Available from NACE International (NACE), 1440 South Creek Dr., Houston
30、,TX 77084-4906, http:/www.nace.org.6Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.7Available from Petroleum Equipment Institute (PEI), P.O. Box 2380, Tulsa, OK741012380, http:/www.pei.org.8Available from Steel Tank Institute
31、 (STI), 944 Donata Ct., Lake Zurich, IL60047, http:/.9Available from United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), ArielRios Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20004, http:/www.epa.gov.E2681 132EPA/510-R-05-001 USEPA UST Systems: Inspecting andMaintaining Sumps and Spill Bucket
32、sPractical Helpand ChecklistTitle 40 CFR 280 Technical Standards and CorrectiveAction Requirements for Owners and Operators of Under-ground Storage Tanks (UST)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 ancillary equipmentany devices that are used todistribute, meter, or control the flow of petroleum substa
33、nces orhazardous substances into or out of an UST, including, but notlimited to, piping, fittings, flanges, valves, and pumps.3.1.2 cathodic protection testera person who can demon-strate an understanding of the principles and measurements ofall common types of cathodic protection systems as applied
34、 toburied or submerged metal piping and tank systems; at aminimum, such persons must have education and experience insoil resistivity, stray current, structure-to-soil potential, andcomponent electrical isolation measurements of buried metalpiping and tank systems.3.1.3 corrective actionthe sequence
35、 of actions performedin response to a release that include site assessment andinvestigation, response actions, interim remedial action, reme-dial action, operation and maintenance of remediationequipment, monitoring of progress, and termination of theremedial action.3.1.4 gasoline dispensing facilit
36、iesalso known as a fillingstation and service station, means any stationary facility whichdispenses gasoline into the fuel tank of a motor vehicle.3.1.5 hazardous substanceany substance defined or listedin the Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA),101(
37、14), (42 U.S.C. 9601(14), and which is not regulated asa hazardous waste under the Solid Waste DisposalAct, SubtitleC, (42 U.S.C. 6921, et seq.).3.1.5.1 DiscussionA hazardous substance does not in-clude petroleum product or crude oil. This definition ismodeled on 40 CFR 280.12.3.1.6 hazardous substa
38、nce UST systeman UST systemthat contains a hazardous substance defined in the Comprehen-sive Environmental Response, Compensation, and LiabilityAct of 1980 (CERCLA), 101(14), (42 U.S.C. 9601(14) (butnot including any substance regulated as a hazardous wasteunder the Solid Waste Disposal Act, Subtitl
39、e C, (42 U.S.C.6921 et seq.) or any mixture of such substances andpetroleum, and which is not a petroleum UST system.3.1.7 maintenancethe normal operational upkeep to pre-vent an UST system from releasing product.3.1.8 motor fuelspetroleum or a petroleum-based sub-stance that is motor gasoline, avia
40、tion gasoline, No. 1 or No. 2diesel fuel, or any grade of gasohol and is typically used in theoperation of a motor engine.3.1.8.1 DiscussionThis definition applies to blended pe-troleum motor fuels such as biodiesel and ethanol blends thatcontain more than a de minimis amount of petroleum orpetroleu
41、m-based substance.3.1.9 operatorany person in control of, or having respon-sibility for, the daily operation of the UST system. TheUnderground Storage Tank Compliance Act of 2005 furthercharacterizes three operator classes, A, B, and C.3.1.9.1 operator, Class Aan individual whose primaryresponsibili
42、ty is to operate and maintain the undergroundstorage tank system.3.1.9.1 DiscussionThis could include managing resourcesand personnelsuch as establishing work assignmentstoachieve and maintain compliance with regulatory require-ments.3.1.9.2 operator, Class Bimplements the day-to-day as-pects of ope
43、rating, maintaining, and record keeping for under-ground storage tanks at one or more facilities.3.1.9.3 operator, Class Can employee who, generally, isthe first line of response to events indicating emergencyconditions.3.1.9.1 DiscussionThis individual is responsible for re-sponding to alarms or ot
44、her indications of emergencies causedby spills or releases from underground storage tank systems.This individual notifies the Class B or Class A operator andappropriate emergency responders when necessary. Not allemployees of the facility are necessarily Class C operators.3.1.10 overfilla release th
45、at occurs when an UST system isfilled beyond its capacity, thereby resulting in a discharge of aregulated substance to the surface or subsurface environment.3.1.11 ownermeans any person who owns an UST systemused for storage, use, or dispensing of regulated substances.3.1.12 petroleum substanceinclu
46、des crude oil or any frac-tion thereof that is liquid at standard conditions of temperatureand pressure. The term includes petroleum-based substancescomprised of a complex blend of hydrocarbons derived fromcrude oil through processes of separation, conversion,upgrading, and finishing, (for example,
47、motor fuels, aviationgasoline, gas-turbine fuel oils, illuminating oils, distillate fueloils, residual fuel oils, jet fuels, lubricants, petroleum solvents,used oils).3.1.13 petroleum UST systeman underground storage tanksystem that contains a petroleum substance or a mixture ofpetroleum substances
48、with de minimis quantities of otherregulated substances.3.1.13.1 DiscussionSuch systems include those contain-ing motor fuels, jet fuels, distillate fuel oils, residual fuel oils,lubricants, petroleum solvents, and used oils.3.1.14 pipingall underground pipes in an UST system,including valves, elbow
49、s, joints, flanges, flexible connectors,and other fittings attached to a tank system through whichregulated substances flow, or in which regulated substances arecontained or stored.3.1.15 pressurized pipingproduct or delivery piping in aUST system that typically operates at greater than atmosphericpressure.3.1.16 regulated substancea hazardous substance as de-fined in 3.1.5, a petroleum substance as defined in 3.1.12, andany mixture of two or more hazardous substances and/orE2681 133petroleum substances; this def
