1、Designation: E2740 10Standard Specification forTrash Receptacles Subjected to Blast Resistance Testing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2740; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification provides performance requirementsfor trash receptacles when subjected to the explosive testsdescribed in Tes
3、t Method E2639.1.1.1 These trash receptacles are intended for use in publicspaces.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas the standard. The values stated in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associ
4、ated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E2639 Test Method for Blast Resistance of Trash Recep-tacle
5、s2.2 Government Standards:DOD 4145.26 M Department of Defense: DOD Contrac-tors Safety Manual for Ammunition and Explosives3DOD 6055.9 STD Department of Defense: DOD Ammuni-tion and Explosives Safety Standards4UFC 3-340-02 Department of Defense: Structures to Resistthe Effects of Accidental Explosio
6、ns (supersedes TM5-1300)53. Terminology3.1 For terminology generally associated with explosives,refer to the glossaries given in DOD 4145.26 M andDOD 6055.9 STD.3.1.1 Some of the definitions in this standard (3.2) are eitheradopted as exact copies, or are adapted, from DOD 4145.26 M.Where adapted, c
7、hanges to the DOD definitions were madeonly to clarify the meaning or to incorporate related terms thatalso are defined in this terminology section.3.1.2 The DOD source is identified parenthetically at theright margin following the definition.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 bare charge, nexplosive charge that
8、 is either notencased or is encased by a material, such as a cardboard tube,that will not produce primary fragments.3.2.2 detonation, n(1) a violent chemical reaction withina chemical compound or mechanical mixture resulting in heatand pressure. (2) a reaction that proceeds through the reactedmateri
9、al toward the unreacted material at a supersonic velocity.3.2.2.1 DiscussionThe result of the chemical reaction isexertion of extremely high pressure on the surrounding me-dium forming a propagating shock wave that is originally ofsupersonic velocity. DoD 4145.26 M3.2.3 explosion, nchemical reaction
10、 of any chemical com-pound (or mechanical mixture) that, when initiated, undergoesa very rapid combustion or decomposition releasing largevolumes of highly heated gases that exert pressure on thesurrounding medium. DoD 4145.26 M3.2.4 explosive, nany chemical compound (or mechanicalmixture) that, whe
11、n subjected to heat, impact, friction, detona-tion, or other suitable initiation, undergoes a very rapidchemical change with the evolution of large volumes of highlyheated gases that exert pressures in the surrounding medium.DoD 4145.26 M3.2.5 fragment, nsolid material propelled from an explo-sion a
12、s a result of fragmentation.3.2.5.1 primary fragment, nfragment produced from theexplosive device itself.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E54 onHomeland Security Applications and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE54.08 on Operational Equipment.Current editio
13、n approved Feb. 15, 2010. Published April 2010. DOI: 10.1520/E2740-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM
14、 website.3Available from the Defense Technical Information Center, 8725 John J.Kingman Road, Suite 0944, Ft. Belvoir, VA 22060 6128.4Available from the worldwide web at: http:/www.ddesb.pentagon.mil/DoD6055.9-STD%205%20Oct%202004.pdf.5Available from the worldwide web at: http:/www.wbdg.org/ccb/DOD/U
15、FC/ufc_3_340_02_pdf.pdf.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.5.2 secondary fragment, nfragment produced fromthe container or environment where the container is placed; apiece of receptacle broken off as a result of the
16、 charge beingdetonated inside of it.3.2.6 fragmentation, nbreaking up of the confining mate-rial of a chemical compound (or mechanical mixture) when anexplosion takes place. DoD 4145.26 M3.2.7 overpressure, npressure, exceeding the ambientpressure, manifested in the shock wave of an explosion.DoD 41
17、45.26 M3.2.8 silhouette, nwitness panel that is constructed in theapproximate shape of a human.3.2.9 trash receptacle, npublic or commercial use refusebin that holds discarded items until collected.3.2.9.1 DiscussionThe capacity of a trash receptaclespecified according to this standard is typically
18、less than 200 L(50 gal).3.2.10 witness panel, nflat, rectangular sheet-constructionmounted upright within the explosion test arena for purposes ofdetermining whether fragments are produced during the deto-nation of the specimen.3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 blast resistanc
19、e, nfor purposes of this standardspecification, the non-numerical attribute of a trash receptaclethat is established when the results of explosive testing of thesubmitted specimens meet all performance requirements givenin this specification.3.3.2 force protection, nnumerical level of blast resis-ta
20、nce of a trash receptacle expressed in the mass of trinitro-toluene (TNT) explosive.4. Ordering Information4.1 Purchase orders for each trash receptacle specimenmeeting the requirements of this specification shall list themodel and desired force protection required in kilograms(pounds) of TNT.4.2 Pu
21、rchase orders shall also list the physical trash contentsize of the receptacle in liters (gallons) along with desiredfinishes and other requirements associated with the physicalattributes of the trash receptacle.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The materials and method of manufacture shall be at thed
22、iscretion of the manufacturer sufficient to meet the perfor-mance requirements of this specification.6. Workmanship6.1 The trash receptacles shall have no defects that willadversely affect their service qualities.7. Number of Tests and Retests7.1 Test SpecimensEach explosive test shall be performedo
23、n a new, undamaged trash receptacle.7.2 Number of Test SpecimensThe minimum number oftest specimens submitted for each force protection level testshall be three. The manufacturer shall provide all three testspecimens at one time.7.3 RetestsOnly one retest is allowed per group of sub-mitted test spec
24、imens.7.3.1 If upon testing, one of the trash receptacle specimensin the group submitted does not meet the requirements of thisspecification, the manufacturer shall provide a new specimenfor retesting.7.3.1.1 If this retest specimen does not meet the require-ments of this specification, the entire f
25、orce protection levelgroup of specimens including test specimens that may or maynot have been tested shall be rejected. The group shall beconsidered not to meet the requirements of this specification.The manufacturer shall provide three new specimens forretesting.7.3.2 If upon testing, two or more t
26、rash receptacle speci-mens in the group submitted do not meet the requirements ofthis specification, the manufacturer shall provide three newspecimens, all of which shall be subject to retesting.8. Specimen Mounting8.1 The trash receptacle test specimen shall be placed on thetest platform in accorda
27、nce with the manufacturers writteninstructions subject to the requirements of Test Method E2639,paragraph 13.1.9. Test Method9.1 TestingThe trash receptacle test specimens shall betested according to the requirements of Test Method E2639.Each test specimen shall be tested separately from the others
28、inthe group submitted with the charge at one of three differentlocations. The testing laboratory shall randomly select theindividual test specimen for each test from the group submit-ted.9.1.1 Trash receptacles shall be tested as supplied by themanufacturer for in-use service. For example, if the tr
29、ashreceptacle is intended to have a lid in service, it shall be testedwith the lid in place. The lid shall be secured to the receptacleas recommended by the manufacturer.9.2 The Explosive ChargeThe mass of the explosivecharge shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and thebuyer.NOTE 1In practi
30、ce, the buyer is expected to have knowledge of theforce protection level required of the trash receptacles being consideredfor purchase. Based on this knowledge, the manufacturer and buyer areexpected to discuss the availability of products meeting the required forceprotection level, which in turn w
31、ould lead to agreement on the mass ofcharge to be used in the testing.9.2.1 The mass of the explosive charge shall be the same forall test specimens in the group submitted.9.2.1.1 The force protection level of the trash receptaclespecimen group submitted shall be the numerical mass of theexplosive c
32、harge expressed in kilograms (pounds) of TNT.9.3 Explosive Charge Locations (for purposes of this speci-fication):9.3.1 Fragmentation Charge TestThis test shall be con-ducted by placing the explosive charge at location 1, asdescribed in Test Method E2639, paragraph 10.1.1 and Figures1A and 1B.9.3.2
33、Bare Charge Test 1This test shall be conducted byplacing the explosive charge at location 2, as described in TestMethod E2639, paragraph 10.1.2 and Figures 1A and 1B.E2740 1029.3.3 Bare Charge Test 2This test shall be conducted byplacing the explosive charge at location 4, as described in TestMethod
34、 E2639, paragraphs 10.1.4 and 10.1.5 or 10.1.6, andFigures 1A, 1B, and 2.9.4 Testing LaboratoryTesting shall be performed at anindependent commercial or government explosive testing labo-ratory following conformance with applicable safety standardsand laws. The testing laboratory shall have all requ
35、ired licensesand permits for explosive testing.10. Performance Requirements10.1 Trash receptacle specimens conforming to this speci-fication shall meet the following performance requirements:10.1.1 Requirement Specific to the Fragmentation ChargeTest:10.1.1.1 There shall be no perforation of the ver
36、tical exte-rior wall of the trash receptacle test specimen from a primaryfragment. In addition, there shall be no perforation of silhou-ettes that are located 3 m (10 ft) and further from the center ofthe test platform.NOTE 2The requirement regarding no perforation of silhouetteslocated 3 m (10 ft)
37、and further from the center of the test platform is basedon considerations associated with existing technology and costs ofproducing trash receptacles that provide blast resistance. These productsmitigate the effects of an explosion; in general they are not vessels thatprovide total containment of a
38、n explosion.10.1.2 Requirements for Either Fragmentation or BareCharge Tests:10.1.2.1 The test specimen shall remain on the test platformand in the vertical position in which it was mounted or attachedprior to detonation.10.1.2.2 There shall be no release of metallic secondaryfragments from either t
39、he interior surfaces of the test specimenor from the exterior surfaces including the top of the testspecimen, as evidenced by examination of:(1) the witness panels, which shall show no impingementor perforation by metallic fragments,(2) the grounds within the 76 m (250 ft) diameter of the testarena,
40、 which shall show no metallic fragments due to theexplosion, and(3) the high speed photography, which shall show norelease of metallic fragments.10.1.2.3 There shall be no visible fissure in the outer surfaceof the trash receptacle specimen exterior wall that is eithergreater than 15 mm (0.6 in.) in
41、 width, or greater than 100 mm(4 in.) in length.10.1.2.4 There shall be no more than three separate visiblefissures of any size in the outer surface of the exterior wall.10.1.2.5 There shall be no direct opening from the exteriorto the interior of the test specimen, as evidenced by probing allvisibl
42、e fissures in the exterior wall with a round, straight 4 mm(316 in.) steel rod. A direct opening is present if the steel rodpenetrates all the way through from the exterior to the interiorof the specimen.10.2 BulgingBulging of the exterior wall of a test speci-men that conforms to the requirements i
43、n 10.1.1 and 10.1.2does not constitute failure.10.3 Pressure Data:10.3.1 Pressure data shall be collected in accordance withTest Method E2639 and recorded in the testing laboratoryreport. Pressure data are not used as the basis of a performancerequirement of this standard specification. Pressure dat
44、a maybe useful when considering alternative locations for placementof trash receptacles in service.10.3.2 See Appendix X1 for a discussion of pressure data.11. Product Marking11.1 Each trash receptacle shall be marked with the manu-facturers name and contact information, and with a uniqueserial numb
45、er, unless otherwise agreed upon by the manufac-turer and buyer. The serial number shall be marked in a durablemanner, such as with a metallic plate riveted to the trashreceptacle.NOTE 3For security purposes force protection levels of trash recep-tacles meeting this standard specification are not pr
46、ovided in publiclydisseminated marketing materials or marked on units sold commercially.12. Keywords12.1 bare charge; blast resistance; explosives; force protec-tion; fragmentation charge; performance requirements; primaryfragments; secondary fragments; testing; trash receptacleAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory
47、 Information)X1. COLLECTION OF PRESSURE DATAX1.1 IntroductionX1.1.1 The referenced ASTM Test Method requires thecollection of pressure data. However, this specification doesnot contain performance requirements associated with thepressure data. The primary use for the pressure data is to assistin det
48、ermining proper in service placement. There are tworeasons that performance requirements are not placed on thepressure field recorded during the test. Both are based on datafor the lethality of blast pressures and impulses. In the first, thedistances for 90 % and 99 % survivability of blasts in free
49、 airare calculated. In the second, data collected from tests ofcommercially available trash receptacles which are advertisedas blast resistant are examined. Finally, an overall discussion isoffered.X1.2 Test DataX1.2.1 In 2005, the Naval Explosive Ordnance DisposalTechnology Division tested eleven commercially availabletrash receptacles that are sold as blast resistant. All tests wereE2740 103conducted in an open arena. It is likely that the test resultswould have differed widely if the tests were conducted in anenclosed structure. The results are
