1、Designation:F10911 Designation: F109 12Standard Terminology Relating toSurface Imperfections on Ceramics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F109; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology describes and illustrates imperfections observed on whitewares and related products. For additionaldefinition
3、s of terms relating to whitewares and related products, refer to Terminology C242. To observe these defects, examinationshall be performed visually, with or without the aid of a dye penetrant, as described in Test Method C949. Agreement by themanufacturer and the purchaser regarding specific techniq
4、ues of observation is strongly recommended.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products C502Test Method for Wedging of Flat, Rectangular CeramicWall and Floor TileC949 Test Method for Porosity in Vitreous Whitewares by Dye PenetrationE165 Pra
5、ctice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry3. Terminologyblemishstrained or discolored area attributable to normal composition or forming, or both. (See also inclusion.)blisterbubble or gaseous inclusion at the surface which if broken could form a pit, pock, or hole.burrfragment of e
6、xcess material or foreign particle adhering to the surface.cambera single arch of curvature. (See also waviness.)1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of C21.01 Editorialand Teminology on Nomencla
7、ture.Current edition approved MarchJan. 15, 2011.2012. Published April 2011.February 2012. Originally approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved 2009 asF109 04(2009). DOI: 10.1520/F0109-112.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service a
8、t serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous ve
9、rsion. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM Internati
10、onal, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.chiparea along an edge or corner where the material has broken off.where:w = widthl = length, andd = depth.closed chipfractured area on the edge or corner when the material has not broken off (Syn. potential ch
11、ip).where:W = widthl = length, andd = depth.crackline of fracture without complete separation.crawlinga parting and contraction of the glaze on the surface of ceramic ware during drying or firing, resulting in unglazed areasbordered by coalesced glaze.crazingthe cracking that occurs in fired glazes
12、or other ceramic coatings as a result of tensile stresses, may also occur in theF109 122surface portion of uncoated (unglazed) whiteware bodies.diagonal warpagethe departure of the center of a tile from the plane in which three of the four corners of the tile lie.edge warpagethe departure of the cen
13、ter of one edge of a tile from the plane in which three of the four corners lie.finfine feather-edge protrusion from the surface (Syn. flash).F109 123flow lineone or more streaks distinguished by a difference in light reflectance from the surrounding area, charateristic ofinjection-molded parts. (Se
14、e also weld mark.)grinding marka pattern of fine striations or scoring, usually directional, resulting from machining, as distinct from surfacemarksholea deep depression or void, the bottom of which is not visible by normal (20/20) vision under 200 fc illumination.inclusionembedded foreign material
15、or a stain other than from normal composition or forming, or both (see blemish).kinka type of waviness occurring interior to the edges, not to be confused with the more abrupt departures as ridges or surfacemarks. (See also waviness.)lumpa raised area on the surface having the appearance of being so
16、lid.F109 124metal markslines on the surface of a ceramic body or glaze caused by drawing a hard metal, such as a knife, across the surface.peelingcompressive stresses in a fired glaze or other ceramic coating of sufficient magnitude to exceed the strength of adhesionbetween the glaze and the body.F1
17、09 125pinholesimperfections in the surface of a ceramic glaze resembling pin pricks.pita shallow depression or crater in which all surfaces are visible by normal (20/20) vision under 200 fc of illumination.pocka partially closed surface cavity.where:w = width.porean internal cavity which may be expo
18、sed by cutting, grinding, or polishing to become a pit, pock, or hole.F109 126porous areaan area that will retain dye when tested in accordance with Practice E165 and, if broken through at the porous area,will show evidence of dye penetration into the body.ridgelong, narrow protrusion on any surface
19、.rima protrusion, usually of base material, bordering either partially or completelly a hole, pit, or pock.specka discrete particle of unreacted or unwanted material in a ceramic body or glaze.F109 127straightness of sidesthe deviation from straightness of the center of the side in the plane of the
20、tile, as measured by a wedgingapparatus (C-502). The measurement is only relevant to the straight sides of tiles.surface marksrelatively long, narrow, shallow grooves or cuts in the surface, such as scratches, score marks, and machiningmarks. (See also grinding markwavinessa long-order departure fro
21、m flatness as opposed to sharp discontinuities. Amplitude is in excess of specified surfacefinish. In general, waviness will exhibit a number of inflection points that, if connected, would form a line whose path may beopen or closed (Syn. warp).wedgingthe deviation of the corners of a tile from 90,
22、as measured by a wedging apparatus (Test Method C502).weld marka deep groove or fissure formed by incomplete union of two or more particles or streams of material flowing together.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item m
23、entionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committ
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25、ing of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P
26、O Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F109 128
