1、Designation: F137 08 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Method forFlexibility of Resilient Flooring Materials with CylindricalMandrel Apparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F137; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This
3、test method covers the determination of the flex-ibility of resilient flooring materials by means of cylindricalmandrel apparatus. It is especially applicable to sheet goodsand some tiles.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mat
4、hematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and h
5、ealth practices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodF141 Terminology Relating to Resilient Floor Coverings3. Terminology3.1
6、For definitions, refer to Terminology F141.4. Significance and Use4.1 Flexibility is that property of a material which allows itto be deformed by bending or rolling without cracking,breaking, or other permanent defects, using whatever force isnecessary to bend or roll it. Flexibility is an important
7、characteristic of flooring in that it provides for ease of handlingin rolling, cutting, and fitting.5. Apparatus5.1 Flexibility Test Equipment, consisting of mandrels, thatis, cylindrical rods with circular cross sections having outsidediameters of 0.25 in. (6.4 mm) and 0.50 to 5 in. (12.7 to 127mm)
8、 increasing in increments of 0.5 in. (12.7 mm). Thecontacting faces of the rods shall be a minimum of 2.5 in. (63.5mm) in length.5.2 Stand or Other Device, to firmly support the mandrel ina horizontal position during the test.5.3 Conditioning Area, capable of maintaining 73.4 6 1.8F(23 6 1C) and 50
9、6 5 % relative humidity.5.4 Die, Knife, or Similar Instrument to prepare test speci-mens with uniform smooth edges.6. Test Specimen6.1 The test specimens shall consist of a portion of thematerial 2 6 0.05 in. (50 6 1.27 mm) wide and at least 9 in.(225 mm) long.6.2 Use a die, knife, or other similar
10、instrument to preparethe specimen and to produce uniform smooth edges. Do nottest specimens with nicked or fractured edges.7. Conditioning7.1 Condition the test specimens for at least 24 h at 73.4 61.8F (23 6 1C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity, and test inthe same environment. Alternatively, testing
11、 may be performedat room temperature in an uncontrolled environment if carriedout within 5 min.7.2 Specimens shall be conditioned on a flat surface. Ifnecessary, they can be weighted to remove all curvature.8. Procedure8.1 In the actual flexing of the specimen, place the specimenover a mandrel with
12、the wearing surface face out and the majoraxis of the specimen perpendicular to the major axis of themandrel.8.2 Bend the material around the mandrel at a uniform ratethrough a 180 angle while holding the specimen at each end.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F06 on Resili
13、entFloor Coverings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.20 on TestMethods - Products Construction/Materials.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013. Published January 2014. Originallyapproved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F137-08. DOI:10.1520/F0137-08R13.2For refer
14、enced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West
15、Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Take3to5stocomplete the bend. Maintain a good contactbetween specimen and mandrel.8.3 Examine the specimen face visually in the bent positionfor breaks, cracks, or other damage at the completion of thebending operation. When required by the detailed specifi
16、cation,straighten the specimen at the same rate at which it was bentand examine the back for the same faults.8.4 When a mandrel of particular diameter has beenspecified, as for a purchase specification, use that mandrel.8.5 Determine the smallest mandrel around which the ma-terial may be bent withou
17、t showing breaks, cracks, or otherdamage. To do this, estimate the size of the mandrel over whichthe specimen will not break. Then use a series of mandrels,each one consecutively smaller than the first, until breaks orcracks are exhibited. Start with a fresh specimen for eachseparate flex.8.6 The ex
18、act number of test on a specified mandrel (8.4)orof the smallest mandrel around which the material will notbreak (8.5) shall be as specified in the given purchaserspecification. In any case, make at least two separate determi-nations with the long dimension of the specimen parallel to themachine dir
19、ection or grain of the material and two separatedeterminations with the long dimension perpendicular to themachine direction (MD) of the material.NOTE 1When the MD cannot be determined by the appearance of thematerial, two specimens shall be cut parallel to one edge of the materialand two perpendicu
20、lar to that set. Report that a MD could not bedetermined.8.7 Repeat 8.1, 8.4, and 8.6 or 8.1, 8.5, and 8.6 with thespecimen face inside against the mandrel. Examine the back,while the specimen is still in the bent position, for cracks,breaks, or other damage. Then straighten the specimens andexamine
21、 the wearing surface. Use untested specimens for theface inward part of the test.9. Precautions9.1 When comparing materials the thicknesses should beapproximately the same.9.2 Avoid warming the specimens by hand.9.3 Be careful in handling the specimens so that they are notflexed before testing.10. R
22、eport10.1 When the material is required to pass a specifiedmandrel, report the passing or failing of each specimen relativeto this mandrel. The passing criteria is that neither the face northe back may exhibit breaks, cracks, or other permanentdamage (a different size mandrel may be specified for ma
23、chineand cross-machine direction).10.2 If no mandrel diameter is specified, report the smallestmandrel around which the material may be bent withoutshowing breaks, cracks, or other permanent damage. Averagethe determinations in each direction (machine and crossmachine) and report separately.11. Prec
24、ision and Bias311.1 The precision for this test method was determined onfour different materials including, homogeneous sheet vinyl,inlaid sheet vinyl, linoleum sheet and solid vinyl tile. Materialswere tested in both a face-in and face-out orientaition, but inthe machine direction (MD) only.11.2 Th
25、e number of laboratories, materials, and determina-tions in this study meets the minimum requirements fordetermining precision prescribed in Practice E691.This Study Practice E691 minimumLaboratories: 6 6Materials: 8 4Determinations: 3 211.3 Precision, characterized by repeatability, Sr, r, andrepro
26、ducibility, SR, R has been determined and listed in Table1.11.4 BiasNo information can be presented on the bias ofthe test method procedure because material having an acceptedreference value is unavailable.12. Keywords12.1 cracks; flexibility; flooring; mandrel; resilient3Supporting data have been f
27、iled at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:F06-1008.TABLE 1 Precision DataNOTE 1Materials A and B passed at the smallest mandrel with 100 %agreement in test results.Materials AverageASrBSRCrDREMaterial A 0.25000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000Material
28、 B 0.25000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000Material C 1.13889 0.05893 0.20750 0.16499 0.58100Material D 0.41667 0.00000 0.12910 0.00000 0.36148Material E 0.90278 0.10206 0.27344 0.28577 0.76563Material F 1.250000 0/13176 0.26960 0.36893 0.75489Material G 1.27778 0.11785 0.28382 0.32998 0.79470Materia
29、l H 1.84722 0.13176 0.62491 0.36893 1.74974AAverage is the numerical average of test results for all replicates from alllaboratories.BSr is the within-laboratory standard deviation of the average.Cr = 2.83 Sr.DSR is the between-laboratory standard deviation of the average.ER=2.83SR.Repeatability = I
30、n comparing two average values for the same material obtainedby the same operator using the same equipment on the same day, the meansshould be judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the r value for thatmaterial and condition.Reproducibility = In comparing two average values for the same m
31、aterialobtained by different equipment on different days, the means should be judged notequivalent if they differ by more than the R value for that material and condition.(This applies between different laboratories or between different equipment withinthe same laboratory.) These judgments will have
32、 an approximate 0.95 (95%)probability of being correct. Other material may give somewhat different results.For further information on the methodology used, consult Practice E691.F137 08 (2013)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection wi
33、th any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible tech
34、nical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful considerat
35、ion at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Ha
36、rbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F137 08 (2013)3
