1、Designation: F 15 04Standard Specification forIron-Nickel-Cobalt Sealing Alloy1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 15; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenth
2、eses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers an iron-nickel-cobalt alloy,UNS K94610 containing nominally 29 % nickel, 17 % cobalt,and 53 % iron, in the forms of wire, rod
3、, bar, strip, sheet, andtubing, intended primarily for sealing to glass in electronicapplications.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 The following hazard caveat pertains only to the testmethod porti
4、on, Sections 13 and 14 of this specification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory li
5、mita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 3 Methods of Preparation of Metallographic SpecimensE 8 Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and RockwellSuperficial Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE 92 Test Method for Vickers
6、 Hardness of Metallic Mate-rialsE 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE 140 Standard Hardness Conversion Tables for MetalsE 228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of SolidMaterials with a Vitreous Silica DilatometerF 14 Practice for Making and Testing Reference Glass-Metal Bead-
7、SealF 140 Practice for Making Reference Glass-Metal ButtSeals and Testing for Expansion Characteristics by Polari-metric MethodsF 144 Practice for Making Reference Glass-Metal Sand-wich Seal and Testing for Expansion Characteristics byPolarimetric Methods3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for materia
8、l under this specification shall includethe following information:3.1.1 Size,3.1.2 Temper (Section 6),3.1.3 Surface finish (Section 10),3.1.4 Marking and packaging (Section 17), and3.1.5 Certification if required.4. Chemical Requirements4.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as tochemica
9、l composition prescribed in Table 1.5. Surface Lubricants5.1 All lubricants used during cold-working operations,such as drawing, rolling, or spinning, shall be capable of beingremoved readily by any of the common organic degreasingsolvents.6. Temper6.1 The desired temper of the material shall be spe
10、cified inthe purchase order.6.2 TubeUnless otherwise agreed upon by the supplier ormanufacturer and the purchaser, these forms shall be given afinal bright anneal by the manufacturer and supplied in theannealed temper.6.3 Strip and Sheet These forms shall be supplied in oneof the tempers given in Ta
11、ble 2 or in deep-drawing temper, asspecified.6.4 Wire and Rod These forms shall be supplied in one ofthe tempers given in Table 3 as specified. Unless otherwisespecified, the material shall be bright annealed and supplied intemper A (annealed).1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Co
12、mmittee F01 onElectronics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.03 on MetallicMaterials.Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originallyapproved in 1961 as F 15 61T. Last previous edition approved in 1998 asF1598.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM webs
13、ite, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United Stat
14、es.7. Grain Size7.1 Strip and sheet for deep drawing shall have an averagegrain size not larger than ASTM No. 5 (Note 1), and no morethan 10 % of the grains shall be larger than No. 5 whenmeasured in accordance with Test Methods E 112.NOTE 1This corresponds to a grain size of 0.065 mm, or 16grains/i
15、n.2of image at 100 3 .8. Hardness8.1 Deep-Drawing TemperFor deep drawing, the hard-ness shall not exceed 82 HRB for material 0.100 in. (2.54 mm)and less in thickness and 85 HRB for material over 0.100 in. inthickness when determined in accordance with Test MethodsE 18. See also Test Method E 92 for
16、Vickers Hardness andTable 3, E 140 for the appropriate conversion between varioushardness scales.8.2 Rolled and Annealed TempersHardness tests whenproperly applied can be indicative of tensile strength. Hardnessscales and ranges for these tempers, if desirable, shall benegotiated between supplier an
17、d purchaser.9. Tensile Strength9.1 Sheet and Strip:9.1.1 Tensile strength shall be the basis for acceptance orrejection for the tempers given in Table 2 and shall conformwith the requirements prescribed.9.1.2 Tension test specimens shall be taken so the longitu-dinal axis is parallel to the directio
18、n of rolling and the test shallbe performed in accordance with Test Methods E 8.9.2 Wire and Rod:9.2.1 Tensile strength shall be the basis for acceptance orrejection for the tempers given in Table 3 and shall conform tothe requirements prescribed.9.2.2 The test shall be performed in accordance with
19、TestMethod E 8.10. Surface Finish10.1 The standard surface finishes available shall be thoseresulting from the following operations:10.1.1 Hot rolling,10.1.2 Forging,10.1.3 Centerless grinding (rod),10.1.4 Belt polishing,10.1.5 Cold rolling, and10.1.6 Wire drawing.11. Thermal Expansion Characteristi
20、cs11.1 The average linear coefficients of thermal expansionshall be within the limits specified in Table 4.12. Test for Thermal Expansion12.1 Heat the specimen in a hydrogen atmosphere for1hat900C, followed by 15 min at 1100C. Between the 900 and1100C heat-treatment periods, the specimen may be cool
21、ed toroom temperature if desired. Cool the specimen from 1100 to200C in the hydrogen atmosphere at a rate not to exceed5C/min.12.2 Determine the thermal expansion characteristics inaccordance with Test Method E 228.NOTE 2For critical glass sealing applications, it is recommended thatthe user conduct
22、 functional testing in accordance with Practices F 14,F 140 or F 144. Such tests circumvent possible problems with thermalexpansion measurements and glass setting point estimates.NOTE 3The thermal treatment described in this section is for purposesof the thermal expansion test only. Consult the non-
23、mandatory appendixof this document for guidance on annealing conditions for various productforms.13. Transformation13.1 The temperature of the gamma-to-alpha transformationshall be below 78.5C when the material is tested in accor-dance with Section 14. However, for material whose smallestdimension i
24、s over78 in. (22.2 mm), some localized transfor-mation, acceptable to the purchaser, may be tolerated.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElement Composition, %Iron, nominal 53ANickel, nominal 29ACobalt, nominal 17AManganese, max 0.50Silicon, max 0.20Carbon, max 0.04Aluminum, max 0.10BMagnesium, max 0.10BZ
25、irconium, max 0.10BTitanium, max 0.10BCopper, max 0.20Chromium, max 0.20Molybdenum, max 0.20AThe iron, nickel, and cobalt requirements listed are nominal. They shall beadjusted by the manufacturer so that the alloy meets the requirements forcoefficient of thermal expansion given in Table 4.BThe tota
26、l of aluminum, magnesium, zirconium, and titanium shall not exceed0.20 %.TABLE 2 Tensile Strength Requirements for Sheet and StripTemperDesignationTemper Name Tensile Strength, ksi(MPa)A annealed 82 max (570 max)B14 hard 75 to 90 (520 to 630)C half hard 85 to 100 (590 to 700)D34 hard 95 to 110 (660
27、to 770)E hard 100 min (700 min)TABLE 3 Tensile Strength Requirements for Wire and RodTemper Designation Tensile Strength, ksi (MPa)A 85 (585) maxB 85 to 105 (585 to 725)C 95 to 115 (655 to 795)D 105 to 125 (725 to 860)E 125 (860) minTABLE 4 Coefficients of Thermal ExpansionTemperature Range, CAverag
28、e Linear Coefficientof Thermal Expansion,Am/mC30 to 40030 to 4504.60 to 5.205.10 to 5.50ATypical thermal expansion data for the alloy covered by these specificationsare provided in Appendix X1.F15042NOTE 4Lower transformation temperatures, ranging to as low as196C, may be negotiated between supplier
29、 and purchaser. The 196Ctransformation temperature corresponds to immersing a sample (preparedaccording to 14.1) in liquid nitrogen for a minimum of 1 h.14. Test for Transformation14.1 Cut the specimen from any part of the material, butpreferably including the entire cross section, degrease it, then
30、heat treat it as described in 12.1. When cool, polish the crosssection of the specimen and etch (Note 5) it in accordance withMethod E 3. Then subject the specimen to the temperatureproduced by an excess of dry ice in acetone (78.5C) for atleast 4 h. After the low-temperature treatment, examine thes
31、pecimen at a mangification of 1503 for the presence of theacicular crystals characteristic of the alpha phase. Becausethese crystals may occur only in small localized areas, examinecarefully the entire polished cross section.14.2 Specimens that show no transformation and that showpartial transformat
32、ion are illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2,respectively.NOTE 5A suggested etchant is a solution of three parts by volume ofconcentrated hydrochloric acid and one part of concentrated nitric acidsaturated with cupric chloride (CuCl22H2O). This etchant is moreeffective when allowed to stand for 20 min a
33、fter mixing. After severalhours it loses its strength and should be discarded at the end of the day.Etching is best accomplished by swabbing the specimen with cottonsoaked with the etchant. Etching is usually complete when the surface ofthe metal appears to have turned dull.15. Dimensions and Permis
34、sible Variations15.1 Cold-Rolled StripCold-rolled strip shall conform tothe permissible variations in dimensions prescribed in Table 5,Table 6, and Table 7.15.2 Round Wire and RodWire and rod shall conform tothe permissible variations in dimensions prescribed in Table 8.15.3 Cold-Drawn TubingCold-dr
35、awn tubing, availableeither as seamless or welded, shall conform to the permissiblevariations prescribed in Table 9.16. General Requirements16.1 The material shall be commercially smooth, uniform incross section, in composition, and in temper; it shall be free ofscale, corrosion, cracks, seams, scra
36、tches, slivers, and otherdefects as best commercial practice will permit.17. Packaging and Marking17.1 Packaging shall be subject to agreement between thepurchaser and the seller.17.2 The material as furnished under this specification shallbe identified by the name or symbol of the manufacturer and
37、bymelt number. The lot size for determining compliance with therequirements of this specification shall be one heat.18. Investigation of Claims18.1 Where any material fails to meet the requirements ofthis specification, the material so designated shall be handled inaccordance with a mutual agreement
38、 between the purchaserand the seller.19. Keywords19.1 controlled expansion alloy; glass to metal sealing;iron-nickel-cobalt alloy; UNS #K94610; vacuum electronicapplications1503FIG. 1 Normal Annealed Specimen Showing No TransformationF150431503FIG. 2 Partially Transformed SpecimenTABLE 5 Permissible
39、 Variations in Thickness of Cold-Rolled StripNOTE 1 Measurement shall be made at least38 in. (9.5 mm) from the edge of strip over 1 in. (25.4 mm) wide.Specified Thickness, in. (mm)Permissible Variations in Thickness for Width Given, 6 in. (mm)Under 3 (76) Over 3 to 6 (76 to 152) Over 6 to 12 (152 to
40、 305) Over 12 to 16 (305 to 406)0.160 to 0.100 (4.06 to 2.54), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (0.076) 0.004 (0.102) 0.004 (0.102)0.099 to 0.069 (2.51 to 1.75), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076) 0.004 (0.102)0.068 to 0.050 (1.73 to 1.27), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0
41、.076)0.049 to 0.035 (1.24 to 0.89), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.0025 (0.064) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076)0.034 to 0.029 (0.86 to 0.74), incl 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.051) 0.0025 (0.064) 0.0025 (0.064)0.028 to 0.026 (0.71 to 0.66), incl 0.0015 (0.038) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.051) 0.002 (0.051)0.025 to 0.020 (
42、0.64 to 0.51), incl 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.051) 0.002 (0.051)0.019 to 0.017 (0.48 to 0.43), incl 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.051)0.016 to 0.012 (0.41 to 0.31), incl 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.0015 (0.038)0.011 to 0.0101 (0.28 to 0.26), incl 0.
43、001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015 (0.038)0.010 to 0.0091 (0.25 to 0.23), incl 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025)0.009 to 0.006 (0.23 to 0.15), incl 0.00075 (0.019) 0.00075 (0.019) . .Under 0.006 (0.15) 0.0005 (0.013) 0.0005 (0.013) . .F15044TABLE 6 Permissible Varia
44、tions in Thickness Across Width of StripSpecified ThicknessMaximum Variation in Thickness Across Width of Strip, Within Those Provided for inTable 4 for Edge Measurements for Widths and Thicknesses Given, in. (mm)in. mm5 (127) and Under Over 5 to 12 (127 to 300)Over 12 to 24 (300 to600), inclin. mm
45、in. mm in. mm0.005 to 0.010, incl 0.17 to 0.03, incl 0.00075 0.0191 0.001 0.025 0.0015 0.038Over 0.010 to 0.025, incl 0.03 to 0.06, incl 0.001 0.025 0.0015 0.038 0.002 0.051Over 0.025 to 0.065, incl 0.06 to 0.16, incl 0.0015 0.038 0.002 0.051 0.0025 0.064Over 0.065 to 3/16 , excl 0.16 to 0.48, excl
46、0.002 0.051 0.0025 0.064 0.003 0.076TABLE 7 Permissible Variations in Width of Cold-Rolled Strip Supplied in CoilsSpecified Thickness, in. (mm)Permissible Variations in Width for Widths Given, 6 in. (mm)Under12 to316(12.7 to 4.8)12 to 6 (12.7 to152)Over 6 to 9 (152to 229)Over 9 to 12 (229to 305)Over
47、 12 to 20(305 to 508)Over 20 to 231516(508 to 608)0.187 to 0.161 (4.75 to 4.09) . 0.016 (0.41) 0.020 (0.51) 0.020 (0.51) 0.031 (0.79) 0.031 (0.79)0.160 to 0.100 (4.06 to 2.54) 0.010 (0.25) 0.010 (0.25) 0.016 (0.41) 0.016 (0.41) 0.020 (0.51) 0.020 (0.51)0.099 to 0.069 (2.51 to 1.75) 0.008 (0.20) 0.00
48、8 (0.20) 0.010 (0.25) 0.010 (0.25) 0.016 (0.41) 0.020 (0.51)0.068 (1.73) and under 0.005 (0.13) 0.005 (0.13) 0.005 (0.13) 0.010 (0.25) 0.016 (0.41) 0.020 (0.51)TABLE 8 Permissible Variations in Diameter of Wire and RodSpecified Diameter, in. (mm)Permissible Variations in Diameter, 6 in.(mm)Wire (Coi
49、led, Spooled or Straight Lengths)0.002 to 0.0043 (0.05 to 0.110) 0.0002 (0.005)0.0044 to 0.0079 (0.111 to 0.202) 0.00025 (0.006)0.008 to 0.0149 (0.20 to 0.379) 0.0003 (0.008)0.015 to 0.0199 (0.38 to 0.507) 0.0004 (0.010)0.020 to 0.0309 (0.51 to 0.786) 0.0005 (0.013)0.031 to 0.0409 (0.79 to 1.04) 0.0006 (0.015)0.041 to 0.0609 (1.04 to 1.548) 0.0007 (0.018)0.061 to 0.0809 (1.55 to 2.056) 0.0008 (0.020)0.081 to 0.1259 (2.06 to 3.199) 0.001 (0.025)0.126 to 0.1569 (3.20 to 3.99) 0.0015 (0.038)0.157 to 0.250 (4.00 to 6.35) 0.002 (0.051)Rod, Centerl
